摘要
以"章公祖师肉身坐佛案"为代表的跨国文物追索给国际私法带来了诸多新挑战。为此,当代国际私法应在确保文物安全的前提下确立有利于文物返还的理念,并将之贯彻到具体规则的制定与适用中。在依法院地法对标的物进行识别时,文物的文化属性应得到充分考量。在确定诉讼主体资格时,应尊重当事人的属人法并对原属国法适用宽松解释,承认当事人的诉讼利益。由诉讼时文物所在国法院管辖是跨国文物追索诉讼的一般管辖权原则,原属国法院行使管辖权则为其例外。在因循"物之所在地法"的基础上,应以有利于文物返还为原则对之予以合理解释,并充分利用弹性选法方法。文物追索方应做好判决域外承认和执行的充分预案,各国可通过签订专门协定构建文物追索判决互认机制。
The international legal disputes regarding the recovery of lost cultural property represented by the case of Zhanggong-Zushi Mummified Buddha Statute,has brought a series of challenges to the current regulations and practice of private international law.Therefore,the modern private international law theory should establish the principle of promoting the recovery of cultural property under the premise of ensuring its security and implement it into the legislation and application of specific rules.Courts should pay more attention to the cultural nature of the characterization of the object when applying the lex fori.It’s encouraged to recognize the claimant’s standing to sue based on his legal personality by referring to the lex personalis and his legal interest by favorable interpretation of the lex originis.The jurisdiction in which the object is located at the time suit is brought generally becomes the forum to the dispute while the jurisdiction of the country of origin can also be granted as an exception according to the general international civil proceeding rules.The lex rei sitae is the prevalent choice-of-law rule which however need to be applied more reasonably by flexible connecting factors,taking into account of the principle of return in order to overcome its shortcomings as one of the rigid conflict rules.For the recognition and enforcement of cultural property judgment,the claimant is supposed to make sufficient preparation and the states are encouraged to establish special mutual recognition mechanism.
作者
霍政欣
陈锐达
Huo Zhengxin;Chen Ruida
出处
《国际法研究》
CSSCI
2021年第3期106-128,共23页
Chinese Review of International Law
基金
“研究阐释党的十九届四中全会精神”国家社科基金重大项目“我国法域外适用法治体系构建研究”(项目批准号:20ZDA031)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
跨国文物追索
识别
诉讼主体资格
管辖权
法律适用
International Cultural Property Recovery
Characterization
Standing to Sue
Jurisdiction
Choice of Laws
作者简介
霍政欣,中国政法大学国际法学院教授、博士生导师、教育部青年长江学者;陈锐达,中国政法大学国际法学院博士研究生。
