12%difenoconazole+fluxapyroxad SC(commercial name:Jiangong)was first released by BASF in China in 2016.It has been registered to control many diseases,including pear scab,apple Alternaria leaf spot,tomato early blight...12%difenoconazole+fluxapyroxad SC(commercial name:Jiangong)was first released by BASF in China in 2016.It has been registered to control many diseases,including pear scab,apple Alternaria leaf spot,tomato early blight,cucumber powdery mildew,etc.This study evaluated the bioactivity of Jiangong against Alternaria alternata and explored variations of phyllosphere microorganisms in both asymptomatic and tobacco brown spot leaves at different persistence periods(0,5,10,and 15 days post-fungicide application)using high-throughput sequencing technology.The results indicated that Jiangong effectively inhibited mycelial growth(average EC_(50) value of 0.51μg/mL),conidia germination(average EC_(50) value of 3.47μg/mL),and the carbon metabolism of A.alternata.Both asymptomatic and symptomatic leaves presented complex microbial communities.Higher fungal diversity was noted in asymptomatic leaves,while higher bacterial diversity was found in symptomatic leaves.After application,the diversity and abundance of microbial community structures in both types of leaves changed over time.Fungal microbiome communities showed greater sensitivity than bacterial groups,with the microbiome communities of asymptomatic leaves being more affected than those of symptomatic leaves.Fungal community diversity decreased for both symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves after 5 days of application,while the diversity of fungal community in symptomatic leaves showed an upward trend after 10 days of application.Meanwhile,bacterial community diversity increased in both symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves after 5 days of application but then declined in asymptomatic leaves after 15 days.The abundance of the dominant function group of phyllosphere bacteria(metabolism,genetic information processing,environmental information processing)was not affected by the application of Jiangong.However,the abundance of the dominant function group of phyllosphere fungi(animal pathogen-endophyte-wood saprotroph,endophyte-plant pathogen,plant pathogen-undefined saprotroph)was significantly affected by the application of Jiangong,and high variation was found in symptomatic leaves than that of asymptomatic leaves.The application of Jiangong-induced alterations in the community structure of the tobacco phyllosphere microbiome provides a basis for future tobacco brown spot control strategies based on phyllospheric microecology.展开更多
基于–5 k Pa负压灌水条件下的一维垂直水分吸渗试验,分析了陶土和聚乙烯醇缩甲醛泡沫塑料(PVFM)两种材质负压渗水器在黑钙土A、B层的渗水性能,测定累计吸渗量、吸渗率、湿润峰及土壤含水率等指标,并利用它们考察了Kostiakov,Horton、Ph...基于–5 k Pa负压灌水条件下的一维垂直水分吸渗试验,分析了陶土和聚乙烯醇缩甲醛泡沫塑料(PVFM)两种材质负压渗水器在黑钙土A、B层的渗水性能,测定累计吸渗量、吸渗率、湿润峰及土壤含水率等指标,并利用它们考察了Kostiakov,Horton、Philip 3种常用的土壤水分吸渗模型及垂直一维非饱和土壤水分运动代数模式描述负压吸渗过程的适用性,进一步比较了不同处理下的模型参数。结果表明:(1)–5 k Pa灌水条件下,PVFM渗水器和陶土渗水器的累计吸渗量没有明显差异,前者能有效替代后者作为负压渗水器;(2)黑钙土B层土壤水分吸渗特性比A层差,同时间内累计吸渗量较少,吸渗率降低速度更快;(3)短时间负压灌溉条件下,不同土层的累计吸渗量与湿润峰、吸渗率与湿润峰倒数、湿润峰平方与时间均存在明显的线性关系;(4)负压灌溉后距离渗水器上下各15 cm范围内,土壤含水率维持于20%~33%范围内,变异系数均在10%左右;(5)拟合结果表明,Kostiakov与Philip模型能很好地描述–5 k Pa负压灌溉下不同处理的水分吸渗特性,而Horton模型描述黑钙土A、B层较长时间的吸渗效果较差。展开更多
基金Supported by China National Tobacco Corporation[No.110202101048(LS-08)]Hundred’Level Innovative Talent Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.GCC[2022]028-1,GCC[2023]108)+2 种基金Guizhou Science Technology Foundation(No.ZK[2021]Key036)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32160522)Guizhou Province Applied Technology Research and Development Funding Post-subsidy Project and Guizhou Tobacco Company(No.2020XM03,2020XM22,2024XM06).
文摘12%difenoconazole+fluxapyroxad SC(commercial name:Jiangong)was first released by BASF in China in 2016.It has been registered to control many diseases,including pear scab,apple Alternaria leaf spot,tomato early blight,cucumber powdery mildew,etc.This study evaluated the bioactivity of Jiangong against Alternaria alternata and explored variations of phyllosphere microorganisms in both asymptomatic and tobacco brown spot leaves at different persistence periods(0,5,10,and 15 days post-fungicide application)using high-throughput sequencing technology.The results indicated that Jiangong effectively inhibited mycelial growth(average EC_(50) value of 0.51μg/mL),conidia germination(average EC_(50) value of 3.47μg/mL),and the carbon metabolism of A.alternata.Both asymptomatic and symptomatic leaves presented complex microbial communities.Higher fungal diversity was noted in asymptomatic leaves,while higher bacterial diversity was found in symptomatic leaves.After application,the diversity and abundance of microbial community structures in both types of leaves changed over time.Fungal microbiome communities showed greater sensitivity than bacterial groups,with the microbiome communities of asymptomatic leaves being more affected than those of symptomatic leaves.Fungal community diversity decreased for both symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves after 5 days of application,while the diversity of fungal community in symptomatic leaves showed an upward trend after 10 days of application.Meanwhile,bacterial community diversity increased in both symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves after 5 days of application but then declined in asymptomatic leaves after 15 days.The abundance of the dominant function group of phyllosphere bacteria(metabolism,genetic information processing,environmental information processing)was not affected by the application of Jiangong.However,the abundance of the dominant function group of phyllosphere fungi(animal pathogen-endophyte-wood saprotroph,endophyte-plant pathogen,plant pathogen-undefined saprotroph)was significantly affected by the application of Jiangong,and high variation was found in symptomatic leaves than that of asymptomatic leaves.The application of Jiangong-induced alterations in the community structure of the tobacco phyllosphere microbiome provides a basis for future tobacco brown spot control strategies based on phyllospheric microecology.
文摘基于–5 k Pa负压灌水条件下的一维垂直水分吸渗试验,分析了陶土和聚乙烯醇缩甲醛泡沫塑料(PVFM)两种材质负压渗水器在黑钙土A、B层的渗水性能,测定累计吸渗量、吸渗率、湿润峰及土壤含水率等指标,并利用它们考察了Kostiakov,Horton、Philip 3种常用的土壤水分吸渗模型及垂直一维非饱和土壤水分运动代数模式描述负压吸渗过程的适用性,进一步比较了不同处理下的模型参数。结果表明:(1)–5 k Pa灌水条件下,PVFM渗水器和陶土渗水器的累计吸渗量没有明显差异,前者能有效替代后者作为负压渗水器;(2)黑钙土B层土壤水分吸渗特性比A层差,同时间内累计吸渗量较少,吸渗率降低速度更快;(3)短时间负压灌溉条件下,不同土层的累计吸渗量与湿润峰、吸渗率与湿润峰倒数、湿润峰平方与时间均存在明显的线性关系;(4)负压灌溉后距离渗水器上下各15 cm范围内,土壤含水率维持于20%~33%范围内,变异系数均在10%左右;(5)拟合结果表明,Kostiakov与Philip模型能很好地描述–5 k Pa负压灌溉下不同处理的水分吸渗特性,而Horton模型描述黑钙土A、B层较长时间的吸渗效果较差。
