The nature of renal tubular cell injury in ischemic acute renal failure includes not only cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) but also sublethal injury causing cell dysfunction. The role of intracellu- lar calcium, cal...The nature of renal tubular cell injury in ischemic acute renal failure includes not only cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) but also sublethal injury causing cell dysfunction. The role of intracellu- lar calcium, calcium - dependent enzymes calpain, nitric oxide, phospholipase A2, loss of tubule cell polarity and tubular obstruction in the pathophysiology of the renal tubular cell injury during hypoxia/ischemia is described. The effects of vascular factors, infiltrating activited leukocytes, apoptosis and growth factors on renal tubular cell injury are discussed. Potential mechanisms that tubular injury leads to a profound fall in glomerular filtration rate are proposed.展开更多
文摘运动能改善先天免疫系统活性,诱导巨噬细胞和细胞因子的产生,提高自然杀伤细胞（natural killer,NK）的数量和活性。有关运动、免疫与癌症防御之间的联系,国外学者已提出一些相应理论。倒置“J”学说（Inverted J Hypothesis）提示适度运动能增强免疫系统功能,降低癌症易发敏感性,而重复多次的力竭性运动可能会抑制免疫系统功能，增加癌症易发敏感性。免疫学监督理论（the theory of immune surveillance）认为．许多潜在的癌细胞在临床诊断前．已经被先天性和／或获得性免疫系统所识别或破坏而得以清除。肿瘤只在癌细胞逃脱免疫监督时才能产生。变异细胞或通过减少其肿瘤抗原表达，或通过受损的免疫应答，来逃避免疫系统对其的破坏㈣．
文摘The nature of renal tubular cell injury in ischemic acute renal failure includes not only cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) but also sublethal injury causing cell dysfunction. The role of intracellu- lar calcium, calcium - dependent enzymes calpain, nitric oxide, phospholipase A2, loss of tubule cell polarity and tubular obstruction in the pathophysiology of the renal tubular cell injury during hypoxia/ischemia is described. The effects of vascular factors, infiltrating activited leukocytes, apoptosis and growth factors on renal tubular cell injury are discussed. Potential mechanisms that tubular injury leads to a profound fall in glomerular filtration rate are proposed.
