Aim Serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus （DRN） are involved in the control of sleep- wake states. Our previous study indicated that calcium （Ca^2＋ ） modulation in the DRN plays an important role in ra...Aim Serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus （DRN） are involved in the control of sleep- wake states. Our previous study indicated that calcium （Ca^2＋ ） modulation in the DRN plays an important role in rapid eye movement sleep （REMS） and non-REMS （NREMS） regulation during pentobarbital hypnosis. Presentstudy was designed to investigate the effects of Ca^2＋ in the DRN on sleep-wake regulation and related neuronal mechanism in freely moving rats. Methods CaC12 （25 or 50 nmol） was microinjected into the DRN and sleep pa- rameters were detective by electroencephalogram （EEG） Monoamine neurotransmitters were detected by HPLC- ECD. c-Fos expression in sleep-wake regulating nucleus was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Our re- sults showed that microinjection of CaC12 （25 or 50 nmol） into the DRN promoted wakefulness and suppressed NREMS including slow wave sleep （SWS） and REMS in freely moving rats. Meanwhile intro-DRN application of CaC12 （25 or 50 nmol） significantly increased serotonin in DRN and hypothalamus, as well increased noradrenaline in locus coeruleus （LC） and hypothalamus. Immunohistochemistry study indicated that the application CaC12 （25 or 50 nmol） into the DRN significantly increased c-Fos expression ratio in wake-promoting neurons including seroton- ergic neurons in the DRN, noradrenergic neurons in the LC and orxinergic neurons in the perifornical nucleus （Pef） , but decreased c-Fos expression ratio of GABAergic sleep-promoting neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nu- cleus （VLPO）. Conclusion These results suggest that Ca^2＋ in the DRN exert arousal effects via up-regulation of serotonergic function in endogenous sleep-wake regulating pathways.展开更多
The basal ganglia(BG) act as a cohesive functional unit that regulates motor function,habit formation,and reward/addictive behaviors. However,it is still not well understood how the BG maintains wakefulness and suppre...The basal ganglia(BG) act as a cohesive functional unit that regulates motor function,habit formation,and reward/addictive behaviors. However,it is still not well understood how the BG maintains wakefulness and suppresses sleep to achieve al these fundamental functions until genetical y engineered systems developed these years. Significant research efforts have recently been directed at developing genetic-molecular tools to achieve reversible and cell-type specific in vivo silencing or activation of neurons in behaving animals. Optogenetic tools can be used both to specifically activate or inhibit neurons of interest and identify functional synaptic connectivity between specific neuronal populations,both in vivo and in brain slices. Another recently developed system by Roth and colleagues permits the selective and ″remote″ manipulation(activation and silencing) of neuronal activity via all 3 major GPCR signaling pathways(G_i,G_s and G_q). These so-called ″ designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs″(DREADD) involve mutant GPCRs that do not respond to their endogenous ligands but are responsive to otherwise inert biological compounds. Recently,we demonstrated the essential roles and the neural pathways of the neurons expressing adenosine A_(2A) receptors or dopamine D_1 receptors in the BG for sleep-wake regulation using the genetically engineered systems including optogenetics and DREADD. We proposed a plausible model in which the caudate-putamen and the nucleus accumbens integrates behavioral processes with sleep/wakefulness through adenosine and dopamine receptors.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Dorsal raphe nucleus(DRN) is the largest single collection of neurons containing5-HT in the entire brain and particularly attractive in a wide variety of complex physiological and behavioral processes,such a...OBJECTIVE Dorsal raphe nucleus(DRN) is the largest single collection of neurons containing5-HT in the entire brain and particularly attractive in a wide variety of complex physiological and behavioral processes,such as sleep-wake regulation. Calmodulin dependent kinaseⅡ(CaMKⅡ) and protein kinase C(PKC)are important signal-transducing molecules activated by Ca^(2+). Since the Ca^(2+)modulation in DRN plays an important role in sleep-wake regulation,it should be presumed that the intracellular CaMKⅡ/PKC signaling in DRN may be involved in the regulation of sleep-wake. METHODS The polysomnogram consisting of EEG and EMG was recorded for analyzing sleep architecture. Immunohistochemisrty and Western-blotting methods were used in this study to investigate the roles of Ca^(2+),CaMKⅡ and PKC in sleep-wake regulation in rat DRN. RESULTS Ca^(2+)in the DRN exert arousal effects by reducing the NREMs,SWS and REMs via up-regulating serotonergic functions and activating CaMK Ⅱ-PKC.However,inhibition of PKC leads to significant promotion of total sleep time especial y the NREM sleep,but there were no changes in sleep parameters after the inhibition of CaMKⅡ by its inhibitor KN-93 in DRN.CONCLUSION The molecular,pharmacological,and behavioral findings of this study demonstrate a novel wake promoting and sleep-suppressing role for the Ca^(2+)/CaMK Ⅱ/PKC signaling pathway in DRN. Abnormalities in CaMK Ⅱ are found in patients with several neurological disorders that are associated with disturbed sleep,such as schizophrenia,depression,and Alzheimer′s disease. Several psychotropic drugs modulate CaMK Ⅱ activity. In addition,PKC is a cellular target of most current mood stabilizing and anti-manic agents and involved in bipolar disorder. The data of the present study raise the question whether PKC or CaMKⅡ modulations may also be effective on the sleep disorders or the mood disorders associated with sleep disorders.展开更多
Numerous studies have been performed to better understand the behavior of wake vortices with regards to aircraft characteristics and weather conditionsover the pastten years. These studies have led to the development ...Numerous studies have been performed to better understand the behavior of wake vortices with regards to aircraft characteristics and weather conditionsover the pastten years. These studies have led to the development of the aircraft RECATegorization(RECAT) programs in Europe and in USA. Its phase one focused on redefining distance separation matrix with six static aircraft wake turbulence categories instead of three with the current International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO) regulations. In Europe, the RECAT-EU regulation is now entering under operational implementation atseveral key airports. As proven by several research projects in the past, LIght Detection And Ranging(LIDAR) sensors are considered as the ground truth wake vortex measurements for assessing the safety impact of a new wake turbulence regulation at an airport in quantifying the risks given the local specificities. LIDAR's can also be used to perform risk monitoring after the implementation. In this paper, the principle to measure wake vortices with scanning coherent Doppler LIDARs is described as well as its dedicated post-processing. Finally the use of WINDCUBELIDAR based solution for supporting the implementation of new wake turbulenceregulation is described along with satisfyingresults that have permitted the monitoring of the wake vortex encounter risk after the implementation of a new wake turbulence regulation.展开更多
Gas–liquid two-phase flow abounds in industrial processes and facilities. Identification of its flow pattern plays an essential role in the field of multiphase flow measurement. A bluff body was introduced in this s...Gas–liquid two-phase flow abounds in industrial processes and facilities. Identification of its flow pattern plays an essential role in the field of multiphase flow measurement. A bluff body was introduced in this study to recognize gas–liquid flow patterns by inducing fluid oscillation that enlarged differences between each flow pattern. Experiments with air–water mixtures were carried out in horizontal pipelines at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. Differential pressure signals from the bluff-body wake were obtained in bubble, bubble/plug transitional, plug, slug, and annular flows. Utilizing the adaptive ensemble empirical mode decomposition method and the Hilbert transform, the time–frequency entropy S of the differential pressure signals was obtained. By combining S and other flow parameters, such as the volumetric void fraction β, the dryness x, the ratio of density φ and the modified fluid coefficient ψ, a new flow pattern map was constructed which adopted S（1–x）φ and （1–β）ψ as the vertical and horizontal coordinates, respectively. The overall rate of classification of the map was verified to be 92.9% by the experimental data. It provides an effective and simple solution to the gas–liquid flow pattern identification problems.展开更多
Objective:Sleep quality in kidney transplant recipients is closely associated with symptoms of fatigue and depression.Although subjective assessment tools like the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Richards-Campb...Objective:Sleep quality in kidney transplant recipients is closely associated with symptoms of fatigue and depression.Although subjective assessment tools like the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire(RCSQ)are widely used to evaluate sleep quality,there is a lack of studies utilizing polysomnography for objective evaluation.This study aims to investigate the correlation between sleep quality,fatigue,and depression in kidney transplant recipients using both subjective and objective methods,providing scientific evidence for improving their quality of life.Methods:The cross-sectional study conveniently sampled 50 kidney transplant recipients from a transplant center in a general hospital between August 2018 and March 2020.Subjective and objective sleep parameters were evaluated using the RCQS and polysomnography,respectively.The Fatigue Severity Scale was used to assess fatigue,and the Hamilton Depression Scale was employed to measure depression levels.Results:A lower proportion of rapid eye movement(REM)sleep was associated with increased fatigue.Additionally,higher wake time percentages and poorer sleep quality were significantly correlated with greater depression severity.Conclusion:This study underscores the critical importance of effectively managing sleep quality in kidney transplant recipients and addressing their fatigue and depression symptoms.These findings lay a foundation for developing targeted nursing and therapeutic strategies.展开更多
At airports, runway operation is the limiting factor for the overall throughput; specifically the fixed and overly conservative ICAO wake turbulence separation minima. The wake turbulence hazardous flows can dissipate...At airports, runway operation is the limiting factor for the overall throughput; specifically the fixed and overly conservative ICAO wake turbulence separation minima. The wake turbulence hazardous flows can dissipate quicker because of decay due to air turbulence or be transported out of the way on oncoming traffic by cross-wind, yet wake turbulence separation minima do not take into account wind conditions. Indeed, for safety reasons, most airports assume a worst-case scenario and use conservative separations; the interval between aircraft taking off or landing therefore often amounts to several minutes. However, with the aid of accurate wind data and precise measurements of wake vortex by radar sensors, more efficient intervals can be set, particularly when weather conditions are stable. Depending on traffic volume, these adjustments can generate capacity gains, which have major commercial benefits. This paper presents the use of Electronic scanning radar for detecting wake vortices. In this method, the raindrops Doppler spectrogram is used to retrieve the strength of the wake vortex. Numerical simulation are performed to establish an empirical model used during the retrieval method. This paper presents also the results obtained during the trials of the PARIS-CDG data set recorded from October 2014 to November 2015 with an X-band RADAR developed and deployed by THALES.展开更多
OBJECTIVE The high prevalence of sleep disturbance has been found in patients with striatum-related neurodegenerative disorders.In the striatum,there are abundant adenosine A2A receptors(A2ARs)whichhavebeen reported t...OBJECTIVE The high prevalence of sleep disturbance has been found in patients with striatum-related neurodegenerative disorders.In the striatum,there are abundant adenosine A2A receptors(A2ARs)whichhavebeen reported to mediatesleepbehavior for adenosine.We hypothesized that the A2AR-expressing neurons in the striatum are involved in sleep-wake regulation.METHODS We employed a chemogenetic technique,designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug(DREADD),to specifically and non-invasively manipulate the neuron activity based on the principle of Cre/Lox P recombination,EEG/electromyogram recording for sleep-wake behaviors,the neural tracing approach toselectively visualize the perikarya of A2AR-expressing neurons and their axons by adeno-associated virus(AAV)encoding humanized Renilla green fluorescent(hr GFP)as a tracerin A2AR-Cre mice.In addition,we used immunoelectron microscopy,patch-clamp technique,and optogenetics in A2AR-Cre mice to selectively characterize the synapse and functional connectivity between the A2AR-expressing neurons and the neuron of their downstream targets in vitro.RESULTS The activation of A2AR-expressing neurons in rostral,centromedial and centrolateral striatum increased non-rapid eye movement(non-REM,NREM)sleep,concomitant with a reduction in wakefulness,whereas the activation of A2AR-expressing neurons in caudal striatum didn′t alter sleep-wake profiles at all.Topographical projections in the sagittal section showed that the axons of A2ARexpressing neurons from rostral striatum distributed in the rostral external globuspallidus(GPe)with a discoidal region paralleled to the striato-pallidal border,while the axons of the A2AR-expressing neurons from the central striatum not only distributed in the rostral GPe,but also in the caudal GPe with a similar distributing pattern as did in rostral neurons.However,the axons of A2ARexpressing neurons from caudal striatum just scattered in the caudal GPe.Based on our anatomical findings and patch-clamp technique combining with optogenetics,we found that A2AR neurons in the rostral striatum preferentially formed inhibitory synapses with parvalbumin(PV)-positive neurons in the rostral GPe,while A2AR neurons in the caudal striatum preferentially formed inhibitory synapses with PV-negative neurons in the caudal GPe.CONCLUSION The present results indicated that the A2AR-expressing neurons in rostral and central striatum are involved in sleep-wake regulation,probably via innervating PV-positive neurons in the GPe.展开更多
Background and Objectives:Lung cancer is the most common cancer and cancer related cause of death worldwide.However,the association between sleep duration and incident lung cancer has not been investigated in a prospe...Background and Objectives:Lung cancer is the most common cancer and cancer related cause of death worldwide.However,the association between sleep duration and incident lung cancer has not been investigated in a prospective cohort study.Methods:We prospectively examined the association between sleep duration and incident lung cancer in a cohort of 21,026 United States(US)male physicians.Self-reported sleep duration was ascertained during 2002 annual follow-up questionnaire.Incident lung cancer was ascertained through yearly follow-up questionnaires.Cox regression was used to estimate relative risk of incident lung cancer.Results:The average age at baseline was 68.3±8.8 yr.During a mean follow up of 7.5(±2.2)yr,150 cases of lung cancer occurred.Using 7 h of sleep as the reference group,multivariable adjusted hazard ratios(95%CI)for lung cancer were 1.18(0.77-1.82),1.0(ref),and 0.97(0.67-1.41)from lowest to the highest category of sleep duration(P for quadratic trend 0.697),respectively.In a secondary analysis,smoking status did not modify the sleep duration-lung cancer association(P=0.78).There was no evidence for an interaction between sleep duration and sleep apnea on the risk of lung cancer either(P=0.65).Conclusions:Our data failed to show a higher risk of lung cancer in association with altered sleep duration among US male physicians.展开更多
In recent years,studies have shown that there is a correlation between sleep disorders and cancer,but at the present stage,the research on sleep disorders and tumor related animal models is relatively insufficient.Our...In recent years,studies have shown that there is a correlation between sleep disorders and cancer,but at the present stage,the research on sleep disorders and tumor related animal models is relatively insufficient.Our research will focus on mice bearing B16F10-luc-G5 melanoma tumor with sleep fragmentation,detecting promoting effect of sleep fragmentation(SF)on the metastasis of melanoma.At the same time,we used Ganoderma lucidum poly⁃saccharides peptide(GL-pp,80 mg·kg-1),a component of traditional Chinese medicine Ganoderma lucidum,which has long enjoyed a good reputation at home and abroad,to observe its anti-tumor metastasis effects on B16F10-luc-G5 mice with SF.Then we used whole proteomics to analyze the difference proteins expressed in lung tissue and compared between groups,includes mice bearing B16F10-luc-G5,mice bearing B16F10-luc-G5 with SF and GL-pp administered mice bearing B16F10-luc-G5 with SF.With the analysis using bioinformatics,we found several key proteins,their genes name are Adcy9,ptk2,Yap1 and Lpin2,Per1 and Tim.And several important clusters,they are,immune system,platelet aggres⁃sion,energy metabolism,cell cytoskeleton,cell adhesion and circadian rhythms.Moreover,we detected the TLR4 signal pathway and macrophage differentiation to reconfirm the results of proteomics and trying to elucidate the mechanism of SF on tumor growth and metastasis and the effects of GL-pp.展开更多
Rapid eye movement(REM)sleep behavior disorder(RBD)is a parasomnia that is featured by elevated motor behaviors and dream enactments during REM sleep.Clinical observations show that RBD bears significant relevance wit...Rapid eye movement(REM)sleep behavior disorder(RBD)is a parasomnia that is featured by elevated motor behaviors and dream enactments during REM sleep.Clinical observations show that RBD bears significant relevance with several synucleinopathies such as Lewy body dementia and Parkinson disease(PD),and often develops prior to their diagnosis.Being a potential biomarker of PD,investigating the relationship of RBD symptoms and their emergence in developing PD would provide insight intoits pathogenesis.Here,in a chronic model of PD,rats with daily rotenone treatment exhibited key RBD features,including elevated sleep muscle tone,sleep fragmentation and EEG slowing at different time points.Based on detectedearly alpha synuclein aggregation and neural apoptosis in the sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus(SLD),an area known to promote REM sleep and maintain sleep muscle atonia,the possible involvement of SLD glutamatergic neurons was interrogated.Via chemogenetic activation of SLD glutamatergic neurons,key RBD symptoms and EEG slowing in REM sleep were alleviated.These results are consistent with a progressive degeneration in REM sleep promoting pathways.Our findings provide a foundation for further studies into RBD and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel ship wake detection algorithm based on the White Top-hat Transform(WTHT)and the Radon transform,which aims to improve the contrast between the ship wake and the background so as to improve ...This paper proposes a novel ship wake detection algorithm based on the White Top-hat Transform(WTHT)and the Radon transform,which aims to improve the contrast between the ship wake and the background so as to improve the detection performance on Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)images.The proposed algorithm includes two major processes,and one is to improve the contrast and another one is to locate the ship wake.In high sea state conditions,the contrast of ship wake and background can be very low,which makes it difficult to detect.In the first step,the proposed contrast improvement algorithm is applied to improving the contrast which helps for improving the detection performance.An attribute filter based on edge detection result is adopted here.In the second step the contrast improved image is transformed into the Radon domain followed by peak extraction process to find the wake,the WTHT is used once more in this step.Finally,in the last step,the wake is overlapped on the original image.Experimental results on Tiangong-2 Interferometric Imaging Radar Altimeter(InIRA)images are presented and compared with that obtained by using the classical algorithm,and in this way,the better performance of our algorithm is demonstrated.展开更多
Objective:Healthcare workers,as a high-stress professional group,face long-term high intensity workloads and complex medical environments,resulting in increasingly prominent mental health issues.In particular,the wide...Objective:Healthcare workers,as a high-stress professional group,face long-term high intensity workloads and complex medical environments,resulting in increasingly prominent mental health issues.In particular,the widespread presence of anxiety symptoms and somatic pain has become a major factor affecting both the quality of care and the career development of healthcare workers.This study aims to investigate the mediating and moderating roles of psychological resilience and sleep in the relationship between somatic pain and anxiety among healthcare workers.Methods:A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 1661 healthcare workers.The instruments used included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7),item 3 from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC-10)for psychological resilience,and the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)for assessing anxiety,sleep disturbance,psychological resilience,and somatic pain.Results:The detection rate of anxiety symptoms among healthcare workers was 38.95%.Psychological resilience was significantly negatively correlated with anxiety symptoms(r=−0.451,P<0.01),sleep disturbance(r=−0.313,P<0.01),and somatic pain(r=−0.214,P<0.01).Moreover,psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between somatic pain and anxiety(β=−0.103,P<0.01),and sleep quality moderated the latter part of the mediation model(“somatic pain-psychological resilience-anxiety”).Conclusion:Under high-intensity workloads,healthcare workers generally experience severe anxiety symptoms.Psychological resilience plays an important protective mediating role in their mental health,and sleep quality serves as a moderator in this relationship.Enhancing healthcare workers’psychological resilience and improving their sleep may promote both their physical and mental well-being.展开更多
文摘Aim Serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus （DRN） are involved in the control of sleep- wake states. Our previous study indicated that calcium （Ca^2＋ ） modulation in the DRN plays an important role in rapid eye movement sleep （REMS） and non-REMS （NREMS） regulation during pentobarbital hypnosis. Presentstudy was designed to investigate the effects of Ca^2＋ in the DRN on sleep-wake regulation and related neuronal mechanism in freely moving rats. Methods CaC12 （25 or 50 nmol） was microinjected into the DRN and sleep pa- rameters were detective by electroencephalogram （EEG） Monoamine neurotransmitters were detected by HPLC- ECD. c-Fos expression in sleep-wake regulating nucleus was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Our re- sults showed that microinjection of CaC12 （25 or 50 nmol） into the DRN promoted wakefulness and suppressed NREMS including slow wave sleep （SWS） and REMS in freely moving rats. Meanwhile intro-DRN application of CaC12 （25 or 50 nmol） significantly increased serotonin in DRN and hypothalamus, as well increased noradrenaline in locus coeruleus （LC） and hypothalamus. Immunohistochemistry study indicated that the application CaC12 （25 or 50 nmol） into the DRN significantly increased c-Fos expression ratio in wake-promoting neurons including seroton- ergic neurons in the DRN, noradrenergic neurons in the LC and orxinergic neurons in the perifornical nucleus （Pef） , but decreased c-Fos expression ratio of GABAergic sleep-promoting neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nu- cleus （VLPO）. Conclusion These results suggest that Ca^2＋ in the DRN exert arousal effects via up-regulation of serotonergic function in endogenous sleep-wake regulating pathways.
文摘The basal ganglia(BG) act as a cohesive functional unit that regulates motor function,habit formation,and reward/addictive behaviors. However,it is still not well understood how the BG maintains wakefulness and suppresses sleep to achieve al these fundamental functions until genetical y engineered systems developed these years. Significant research efforts have recently been directed at developing genetic-molecular tools to achieve reversible and cell-type specific in vivo silencing or activation of neurons in behaving animals. Optogenetic tools can be used both to specifically activate or inhibit neurons of interest and identify functional synaptic connectivity between specific neuronal populations,both in vivo and in brain slices. Another recently developed system by Roth and colleagues permits the selective and ″remote″ manipulation(activation and silencing) of neuronal activity via all 3 major GPCR signaling pathways(G_i,G_s and G_q). These so-called ″ designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs″(DREADD) involve mutant GPCRs that do not respond to their endogenous ligands but are responsive to otherwise inert biological compounds. Recently,we demonstrated the essential roles and the neural pathways of the neurons expressing adenosine A_(2A) receptors or dopamine D_1 receptors in the BG for sleep-wake regulation using the genetically engineered systems including optogenetics and DREADD. We proposed a plausible model in which the caudate-putamen and the nucleus accumbens integrates behavioral processes with sleep/wakefulness through adenosine and dopamine receptors.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81573407,81302746,81202511,81173031)National Mega-project of Scicence Research of China for New Drug Development(2009ZX09103-124)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Eductaion of China(20100001110048)
文摘OBJECTIVE Dorsal raphe nucleus(DRN) is the largest single collection of neurons containing5-HT in the entire brain and particularly attractive in a wide variety of complex physiological and behavioral processes,such as sleep-wake regulation. Calmodulin dependent kinaseⅡ(CaMKⅡ) and protein kinase C(PKC)are important signal-transducing molecules activated by Ca^(2+). Since the Ca^(2+)modulation in DRN plays an important role in sleep-wake regulation,it should be presumed that the intracellular CaMKⅡ/PKC signaling in DRN may be involved in the regulation of sleep-wake. METHODS The polysomnogram consisting of EEG and EMG was recorded for analyzing sleep architecture. Immunohistochemisrty and Western-blotting methods were used in this study to investigate the roles of Ca^(2+),CaMKⅡ and PKC in sleep-wake regulation in rat DRN. RESULTS Ca^(2+)in the DRN exert arousal effects by reducing the NREMs,SWS and REMs via up-regulating serotonergic functions and activating CaMK Ⅱ-PKC.However,inhibition of PKC leads to significant promotion of total sleep time especial y the NREM sleep,but there were no changes in sleep parameters after the inhibition of CaMKⅡ by its inhibitor KN-93 in DRN.CONCLUSION The molecular,pharmacological,and behavioral findings of this study demonstrate a novel wake promoting and sleep-suppressing role for the Ca^(2+)/CaMK Ⅱ/PKC signaling pathway in DRN. Abnormalities in CaMK Ⅱ are found in patients with several neurological disorders that are associated with disturbed sleep,such as schizophrenia,depression,and Alzheimer′s disease. Several psychotropic drugs modulate CaMK Ⅱ activity. In addition,PKC is a cellular target of most current mood stabilizing and anti-manic agents and involved in bipolar disorder. The data of the present study raise the question whether PKC or CaMKⅡ modulations may also be effective on the sleep disorders or the mood disorders associated with sleep disorders.
文摘Numerous studies have been performed to better understand the behavior of wake vortices with regards to aircraft characteristics and weather conditionsover the pastten years. These studies have led to the development of the aircraft RECATegorization(RECAT) programs in Europe and in USA. Its phase one focused on redefining distance separation matrix with six static aircraft wake turbulence categories instead of three with the current International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO) regulations. In Europe, the RECAT-EU regulation is now entering under operational implementation atseveral key airports. As proven by several research projects in the past, LIght Detection And Ranging(LIDAR) sensors are considered as the ground truth wake vortex measurements for assessing the safety impact of a new wake turbulence regulation at an airport in quantifying the risks given the local specificities. LIDAR's can also be used to perform risk monitoring after the implementation. In this paper, the principle to measure wake vortices with scanning coherent Doppler LIDARs is described as well as its dedicated post-processing. Finally the use of WINDCUBELIDAR based solution for supporting the implementation of new wake turbulenceregulation is described along with satisfyingresults that have permitted the monitoring of the wake vortex encounter risk after the implementation of a new wake turbulence regulation.
基金Project(51576213)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2015RS4015)supported by the Hunan Scientific Program,ChinaProject(2016zzts323)supported by the Innovation Project of Central South University,China
文摘Gas–liquid two-phase flow abounds in industrial processes and facilities. Identification of its flow pattern plays an essential role in the field of multiphase flow measurement. A bluff body was introduced in this study to recognize gas–liquid flow patterns by inducing fluid oscillation that enlarged differences between each flow pattern. Experiments with air–water mixtures were carried out in horizontal pipelines at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. Differential pressure signals from the bluff-body wake were obtained in bubble, bubble/plug transitional, plug, slug, and annular flows. Utilizing the adaptive ensemble empirical mode decomposition method and the Hilbert transform, the time–frequency entropy S of the differential pressure signals was obtained. By combining S and other flow parameters, such as the volumetric void fraction β, the dryness x, the ratio of density φ and the modified fluid coefficient ψ, a new flow pattern map was constructed which adopted S（1–x）φ and （1–β）ψ as the vertical and horizontal coordinates, respectively. The overall rate of classification of the map was verified to be 92.9% by the experimental data. It provides an effective and simple solution to the gas–liquid flow pattern identification problems.
基金supported by the Clinical Medical Technology Innovation Guide Project of Hunan Province,China(2020SK53609).
文摘Objective:Sleep quality in kidney transplant recipients is closely associated with symptoms of fatigue and depression.Although subjective assessment tools like the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire(RCSQ)are widely used to evaluate sleep quality,there is a lack of studies utilizing polysomnography for objective evaluation.This study aims to investigate the correlation between sleep quality,fatigue,and depression in kidney transplant recipients using both subjective and objective methods,providing scientific evidence for improving their quality of life.Methods:The cross-sectional study conveniently sampled 50 kidney transplant recipients from a transplant center in a general hospital between August 2018 and March 2020.Subjective and objective sleep parameters were evaluated using the RCQS and polysomnography,respectively.The Fatigue Severity Scale was used to assess fatigue,and the Hamilton Depression Scale was employed to measure depression levels.Results:A lower proportion of rapid eye movement(REM)sleep was associated with increased fatigue.Additionally,higher wake time percentages and poorer sleep quality were significantly correlated with greater depression severity.Conclusion:This study underscores the critical importance of effectively managing sleep quality in kidney transplant recipients and addressing their fatigue and depression symptoms.These findings lay a foundation for developing targeted nursing and therapeutic strategies.
文摘At airports, runway operation is the limiting factor for the overall throughput; specifically the fixed and overly conservative ICAO wake turbulence separation minima. The wake turbulence hazardous flows can dissipate quicker because of decay due to air turbulence or be transported out of the way on oncoming traffic by cross-wind, yet wake turbulence separation minima do not take into account wind conditions. Indeed, for safety reasons, most airports assume a worst-case scenario and use conservative separations; the interval between aircraft taking off or landing therefore often amounts to several minutes. However, with the aid of accurate wind data and precise measurements of wake vortex by radar sensors, more efficient intervals can be set, particularly when weather conditions are stable. Depending on traffic volume, these adjustments can generate capacity gains, which have major commercial benefits. This paper presents the use of Electronic scanning radar for detecting wake vortices. In this method, the raindrops Doppler spectrogram is used to retrieve the strength of the wake vortex. Numerical simulation are performed to establish an empirical model used during the retrieval method. This paper presents also the results obtained during the trials of the PARIS-CDG data set recorded from October 2014 to November 2015 with an X-band RADAR developed and deployed by THALES.
基金The project supported by National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB856401)
文摘OBJECTIVE The high prevalence of sleep disturbance has been found in patients with striatum-related neurodegenerative disorders.In the striatum,there are abundant adenosine A2A receptors(A2ARs)whichhavebeen reported to mediatesleepbehavior for adenosine.We hypothesized that the A2AR-expressing neurons in the striatum are involved in sleep-wake regulation.METHODS We employed a chemogenetic technique,designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug(DREADD),to specifically and non-invasively manipulate the neuron activity based on the principle of Cre/Lox P recombination,EEG/electromyogram recording for sleep-wake behaviors,the neural tracing approach toselectively visualize the perikarya of A2AR-expressing neurons and their axons by adeno-associated virus(AAV)encoding humanized Renilla green fluorescent(hr GFP)as a tracerin A2AR-Cre mice.In addition,we used immunoelectron microscopy,patch-clamp technique,and optogenetics in A2AR-Cre mice to selectively characterize the synapse and functional connectivity between the A2AR-expressing neurons and the neuron of their downstream targets in vitro.RESULTS The activation of A2AR-expressing neurons in rostral,centromedial and centrolateral striatum increased non-rapid eye movement(non-REM,NREM)sleep,concomitant with a reduction in wakefulness,whereas the activation of A2AR-expressing neurons in caudal striatum didn′t alter sleep-wake profiles at all.Topographical projections in the sagittal section showed that the axons of A2ARexpressing neurons from rostral striatum distributed in the rostral external globuspallidus(GPe)with a discoidal region paralleled to the striato-pallidal border,while the axons of the A2AR-expressing neurons from the central striatum not only distributed in the rostral GPe,but also in the caudal GPe with a similar distributing pattern as did in rostral neurons.However,the axons of A2ARexpressing neurons from caudal striatum just scattered in the caudal GPe.Based on our anatomical findings and patch-clamp technique combining with optogenetics,we found that A2AR neurons in the rostral striatum preferentially formed inhibitory synapses with parvalbumin(PV)-positive neurons in the rostral GPe,while A2AR neurons in the caudal striatum preferentially formed inhibitory synapses with PV-negative neurons in the caudal GPe.CONCLUSION The present results indicated that the A2AR-expressing neurons in rostral and central striatum are involved in sleep-wake regulation,probably via innervating PV-positive neurons in the GPe.
基金supported by grants CA-34944, CA- 40360 and CA- 097193 from the National Cancer Institutegrants HL-26490, and H L -34595, from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of Health
文摘Background and Objectives:Lung cancer is the most common cancer and cancer related cause of death worldwide.However,the association between sleep duration and incident lung cancer has not been investigated in a prospective cohort study.Methods:We prospectively examined the association between sleep duration and incident lung cancer in a cohort of 21,026 United States(US)male physicians.Self-reported sleep duration was ascertained during 2002 annual follow-up questionnaire.Incident lung cancer was ascertained through yearly follow-up questionnaires.Cox regression was used to estimate relative risk of incident lung cancer.Results:The average age at baseline was 68.3±8.8 yr.During a mean follow up of 7.5(±2.2)yr,150 cases of lung cancer occurred.Using 7 h of sleep as the reference group,multivariable adjusted hazard ratios(95%CI)for lung cancer were 1.18(0.77-1.82),1.0(ref),and 0.97(0.67-1.41)from lowest to the highest category of sleep duration(P for quadratic trend 0.697),respectively.In a secondary analysis,smoking status did not modify the sleep duration-lung cancer association(P=0.78).There was no evidence for an interaction between sleep duration and sleep apnea on the risk of lung cancer either(P=0.65).Conclusions:Our data failed to show a higher risk of lung cancer in association with altered sleep duration among US male physicians.
文摘In recent years,studies have shown that there is a correlation between sleep disorders and cancer,but at the present stage,the research on sleep disorders and tumor related animal models is relatively insufficient.Our research will focus on mice bearing B16F10-luc-G5 melanoma tumor with sleep fragmentation,detecting promoting effect of sleep fragmentation(SF)on the metastasis of melanoma.At the same time,we used Ganoderma lucidum poly⁃saccharides peptide(GL-pp,80 mg·kg-1),a component of traditional Chinese medicine Ganoderma lucidum,which has long enjoyed a good reputation at home and abroad,to observe its anti-tumor metastasis effects on B16F10-luc-G5 mice with SF.Then we used whole proteomics to analyze the difference proteins expressed in lung tissue and compared between groups,includes mice bearing B16F10-luc-G5,mice bearing B16F10-luc-G5 with SF and GL-pp administered mice bearing B16F10-luc-G5 with SF.With the analysis using bioinformatics,we found several key proteins,their genes name are Adcy9,ptk2,Yap1 and Lpin2,Per1 and Tim.And several important clusters,they are,immune system,platelet aggres⁃sion,energy metabolism,cell cytoskeleton,cell adhesion and circadian rhythms.Moreover,we detected the TLR4 signal pathway and macrophage differentiation to reconfirm the results of proteomics and trying to elucidate the mechanism of SF on tumor growth and metastasis and the effects of GL-pp.
基金The project supported by the HKGRCGRF gran(t14111715)
文摘Rapid eye movement(REM)sleep behavior disorder(RBD)is a parasomnia that is featured by elevated motor behaviors and dream enactments during REM sleep.Clinical observations show that RBD bears significant relevance with several synucleinopathies such as Lewy body dementia and Parkinson disease(PD),and often develops prior to their diagnosis.Being a potential biomarker of PD,investigating the relationship of RBD symptoms and their emergence in developing PD would provide insight intoits pathogenesis.Here,in a chronic model of PD,rats with daily rotenone treatment exhibited key RBD features,including elevated sleep muscle tone,sleep fragmentation and EEG slowing at different time points.Based on detectedearly alpha synuclein aggregation and neural apoptosis in the sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus(SLD),an area known to promote REM sleep and maintain sleep muscle atonia,the possible involvement of SLD glutamatergic neurons was interrogated.Via chemogenetic activation of SLD glutamatergic neurons,key RBD symptoms and EEG slowing in REM sleep were alleviated.These results are consistent with a progressive degeneration in REM sleep promoting pathways.Our findings provide a foundation for further studies into RBD and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC1401004)along with China Manned Space Program。
文摘This paper proposes a novel ship wake detection algorithm based on the White Top-hat Transform(WTHT)and the Radon transform,which aims to improve the contrast between the ship wake and the background so as to improve the detection performance on Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)images.The proposed algorithm includes two major processes,and one is to improve the contrast and another one is to locate the ship wake.In high sea state conditions,the contrast of ship wake and background can be very low,which makes it difficult to detect.In the first step,the proposed contrast improvement algorithm is applied to improving the contrast which helps for improving the detection performance.An attribute filter based on edge detection result is adopted here.In the second step the contrast improved image is transformed into the Radon domain followed by peak extraction process to find the wake,the WTHT is used once more in this step.Finally,in the last step,the wake is overlapped on the original image.Experimental results on Tiangong-2 Interferometric Imaging Radar Altimeter(InIRA)images are presented and compared with that obtained by using the classical algorithm,and in this way,the better performance of our algorithm is demonstrated.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2023JJ60076)。
文摘Objective:Healthcare workers,as a high-stress professional group,face long-term high intensity workloads and complex medical environments,resulting in increasingly prominent mental health issues.In particular,the widespread presence of anxiety symptoms and somatic pain has become a major factor affecting both the quality of care and the career development of healthcare workers.This study aims to investigate the mediating and moderating roles of psychological resilience and sleep in the relationship between somatic pain and anxiety among healthcare workers.Methods:A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 1661 healthcare workers.The instruments used included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7),item 3 from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC-10)for psychological resilience,and the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)for assessing anxiety,sleep disturbance,psychological resilience,and somatic pain.Results:The detection rate of anxiety symptoms among healthcare workers was 38.95%.Psychological resilience was significantly negatively correlated with anxiety symptoms(r=−0.451,P<0.01),sleep disturbance(r=−0.313,P<0.01),and somatic pain(r=−0.214,P<0.01).Moreover,psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between somatic pain and anxiety(β=−0.103,P<0.01),and sleep quality moderated the latter part of the mediation model(“somatic pain-psychological resilience-anxiety”).Conclusion:Under high-intensity workloads,healthcare workers generally experience severe anxiety symptoms.Psychological resilience plays an important protective mediating role in their mental health,and sleep quality serves as a moderator in this relationship.Enhancing healthcare workers’psychological resilience and improving their sleep may promote both their physical and mental well-being.
