[Objective]Implementation of the Ten-Year Fishing Ban policy may alter fish diversity and niche characteristics of dominant species in spawning grounds within the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in t...[Objective]Implementation of the Ten-Year Fishing Ban policy may alter fish diversity and niche characteristics of dominant species in spawning grounds within the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in the Upper Yangtze River.This study initiated continuous monitoring of natural spawning habitats from February 2022 to assess these ecological changes.[Methods]Environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding was employed to analyze fish species composition,biodiversity patterns,and niche parameters of dominant species.Water sampling followed the CEN/TS 19461 standard across five monitoring transects(ZT1-ZT5).[Results]The eDNA analysis detected 45 species of fish belonging to 38 genera,13 families,and 3 orders were detected through environmental DNA(eDNA)in this survey,including 10 species endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,such as Procypris rabaudi and Myxocyprinus asiaticus.The fish community was mainly composed of bottom-dwelling,settling ovum-producing,omnivorous fish.The variation ranges of the Chao1 index,ACE index,Shannon index,and Simpson index are 736~996,719~965,1.58~3.23,and 0.83~0.99,respectively,indicating that fish species in spawning sites are abundant and community distribution uniformity is high.All indexes are highest at ZT1 monitoring points.Cluster analysis showed that,at a certain similarity level,fish community types in spawning sites could be basically divided into two groups:ZT1,ZT3,and ZT5 clustered together,and ZT2 and ZT4 clustered together,indicating similar fish community habitats.There are 9 dominant fish species in typical deep pool habitats in the reserve,with niche widths(Bi)ranging from 1.13 to 3.87.The dominant fish species are broad and medium niche fish,such as Cyprinus carpio and Hemiculter tchangi,with the niche overlap index(Oik)of some dominant fish species reaching more than 0.95.This indicates fierce competition for resources among the fish in this spawning ground.[Conclusion]The Zhutuo spawning ground demonstrates high species richness with homogeneous community structure and intense resource competition.This study establishes an eDNA-based monitoring framework that enhances conventional survey method,providing critical baseline data for adaptive management under the fishing moratorium regime.展开更多
淮河是一条对华夏文明具有重大意义的河流。但相较于黄河与长江流域,淮河流域的考古及古环境研究较为滞后。桥头遗址是淮河上游一处以石家河文化为主的重要遗址。本研究通过对桥头遗址区及其临近区域的地层调查和室内样品的测试分析,对...淮河是一条对华夏文明具有重大意义的河流。但相较于黄河与长江流域,淮河流域的考古及古环境研究较为滞后。桥头遗址是淮河上游一处以石家河文化为主的重要遗址。本研究通过对桥头遗址区及其临近区域的地层调查和室内样品的测试分析,对该遗址生成前后的环境变化以及古洪水事件与遗址的存续关系等展开了研究。研究发现:桥头遗址生成前大约在8.1~4.6 ka BP(9.1~5.4 cal.ka BP),遗址所在至少方圆2 km的范围区一直被湖沼所覆盖;4.6 ka BP(5.4 cal.ka BP)以后,温暖湿润的气候、地势较高的湖沼相沉积高地以及紧邻作为遗址水源地的母子河等优越的自然环境,吸引了先民来桥头区域生活;4.0 ka BP的气候异常事件、3.5 ka BP(3.9 cal.ka BP)的气候波动所带来的洪水灾害和3.2 ka BP(3.6 cal.ka BP)的淮河改道等自然环境的频繁变动,使得石家河文化以后的1000年时间内遗址区不适宜人类居住。3 ka BP(3.3 cal.ka BP)之后,桥头遗址所在区域的气温逐渐升高变暖,先人再次在此定居;2.5 ka BP(1.8 cal.ka BP)后,气候的剧烈波动、洪水的频繁泛滥再次威胁到人类在桥头遗址区域生产生活,先人从此地再次迁徙。展开更多
水源涵养服务供需安全是保障区域水资源可持续利用和维护生态平衡的重要支撑。基于土壤和水评估工具(Soil and Water Assessment Tool,SWAT)测算新安江上游水源涵养服务供需指数,采用Theil-Sen Median趋势分析、标准差椭圆、探索性空间...水源涵养服务供需安全是保障区域水资源可持续利用和维护生态平衡的重要支撑。基于土壤和水评估工具(Soil and Water Assessment Tool,SWAT)测算新安江上游水源涵养服务供需指数,采用Theil-Sen Median趋势分析、标准差椭圆、探索性空间数据分析方法揭示其时空演变规律,耦合最优参数地理探测器和时空地理加权回归模型,分析新安江上游水源涵养服务供需指数存在时空差异的原因。结果显示:(1)在2002—2020年,新安江上游水源涵养服务供需指数呈螺旋上升趋势,其中极显著上升区域约占1.36%。(2)新安江上游水源涵养服务供需指数的标准差椭圆分布主要走向为“东北—西南”,全局呈逐渐加强的正相关性。(3)人口密度、坡向、土壤含水量分别是人类活动、下垫面、水文气象维度中对新安江上游水源涵养服务供需指数驱动力最强的因子。(4)人口密度对新安江上游各子流域水源涵养服务供需指数的驱动作用始终为负,坡向的驱动作用主要为负,土壤含水量的驱动作用始终为正。研究可为制定流域尺度的水土保持和水资源管理策略提供理论参考。展开更多
[目的]河川径流是西北干旱区重要的水资源,辨析其变化特征及影响因素对于认识气候变化背景下的河流水文变化规律具有重要意义。[方法]以黑河上游为研究区域,根据水文站所控制的流域对黑河上游进行分区,基于黑河上游各水文站径流、降水...[目的]河川径流是西北干旱区重要的水资源,辨析其变化特征及影响因素对于认识气候变化背景下的河流水文变化规律具有重要意义。[方法]以黑河上游为研究区域,根据水文站所控制的流域对黑河上游进行分区,基于黑河上游各水文站径流、降水等数据,结合累积距平、Mann-Kendall检验、双累积曲线等方法,探讨气候变化背景下径流演变规律。[结果]1968—2022年黑河上游各分区年径流量变化均呈显著增加趋势,八宝河、野牛沟、区间干流和黑河上游年径流量分别以0.29亿m^(3)/10 a, 0.69亿m^(3)/10 a, 0.39亿m^(3)/10 a, 1.36亿m^(3)/10 a的速率增加,八宝河、野牛沟、区间干流对于黑河上游流域径流量的贡献率分别为28.11%,46.31%,25.58%,野牛沟对流域径流量贡献率最大,区间干流最小;八宝河、野牛沟、区间干流和黑河上游的年径流量分别在2002年、2006年、1979年和2002年发生了由少到多的突变,年径流量平均值突变后较突变前分别增加41.76%,29.78%,67.49%和29.53%,区间干流突变后较突变前年径流量年际变化大,其他各区年径流量年际差异性变小;降水和人类活动对八宝河流域径流变化的贡献率分别为63.89%和36.11%,对野牛沟流域径流变化的贡献率分别为55.22%和44.78%,对黑河上游径流量变化的贡献率分别为53.89%和46.51%。[结论]整体来说,气候变化背景下黑河上游的年径流量呈显著增加趋势,降水是径流变化的主要原因。展开更多
文摘[Objective]Implementation of the Ten-Year Fishing Ban policy may alter fish diversity and niche characteristics of dominant species in spawning grounds within the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in the Upper Yangtze River.This study initiated continuous monitoring of natural spawning habitats from February 2022 to assess these ecological changes.[Methods]Environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding was employed to analyze fish species composition,biodiversity patterns,and niche parameters of dominant species.Water sampling followed the CEN/TS 19461 standard across five monitoring transects(ZT1-ZT5).[Results]The eDNA analysis detected 45 species of fish belonging to 38 genera,13 families,and 3 orders were detected through environmental DNA(eDNA)in this survey,including 10 species endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,such as Procypris rabaudi and Myxocyprinus asiaticus.The fish community was mainly composed of bottom-dwelling,settling ovum-producing,omnivorous fish.The variation ranges of the Chao1 index,ACE index,Shannon index,and Simpson index are 736~996,719~965,1.58~3.23,and 0.83~0.99,respectively,indicating that fish species in spawning sites are abundant and community distribution uniformity is high.All indexes are highest at ZT1 monitoring points.Cluster analysis showed that,at a certain similarity level,fish community types in spawning sites could be basically divided into two groups:ZT1,ZT3,and ZT5 clustered together,and ZT2 and ZT4 clustered together,indicating similar fish community habitats.There are 9 dominant fish species in typical deep pool habitats in the reserve,with niche widths(Bi)ranging from 1.13 to 3.87.The dominant fish species are broad and medium niche fish,such as Cyprinus carpio and Hemiculter tchangi,with the niche overlap index(Oik)of some dominant fish species reaching more than 0.95.This indicates fierce competition for resources among the fish in this spawning ground.[Conclusion]The Zhutuo spawning ground demonstrates high species richness with homogeneous community structure and intense resource competition.This study establishes an eDNA-based monitoring framework that enhances conventional survey method,providing critical baseline data for adaptive management under the fishing moratorium regime.
文摘淮河是一条对华夏文明具有重大意义的河流。但相较于黄河与长江流域,淮河流域的考古及古环境研究较为滞后。桥头遗址是淮河上游一处以石家河文化为主的重要遗址。本研究通过对桥头遗址区及其临近区域的地层调查和室内样品的测试分析,对该遗址生成前后的环境变化以及古洪水事件与遗址的存续关系等展开了研究。研究发现:桥头遗址生成前大约在8.1~4.6 ka BP(9.1~5.4 cal.ka BP),遗址所在至少方圆2 km的范围区一直被湖沼所覆盖;4.6 ka BP(5.4 cal.ka BP)以后,温暖湿润的气候、地势较高的湖沼相沉积高地以及紧邻作为遗址水源地的母子河等优越的自然环境,吸引了先民来桥头区域生活;4.0 ka BP的气候异常事件、3.5 ka BP(3.9 cal.ka BP)的气候波动所带来的洪水灾害和3.2 ka BP(3.6 cal.ka BP)的淮河改道等自然环境的频繁变动,使得石家河文化以后的1000年时间内遗址区不适宜人类居住。3 ka BP(3.3 cal.ka BP)之后,桥头遗址所在区域的气温逐渐升高变暖,先人再次在此定居;2.5 ka BP(1.8 cal.ka BP)后,气候的剧烈波动、洪水的频繁泛滥再次威胁到人类在桥头遗址区域生产生活,先人从此地再次迁徙。
文摘水源涵养服务供需安全是保障区域水资源可持续利用和维护生态平衡的重要支撑。基于土壤和水评估工具(Soil and Water Assessment Tool,SWAT)测算新安江上游水源涵养服务供需指数,采用Theil-Sen Median趋势分析、标准差椭圆、探索性空间数据分析方法揭示其时空演变规律,耦合最优参数地理探测器和时空地理加权回归模型,分析新安江上游水源涵养服务供需指数存在时空差异的原因。结果显示:(1)在2002—2020年,新安江上游水源涵养服务供需指数呈螺旋上升趋势,其中极显著上升区域约占1.36%。(2)新安江上游水源涵养服务供需指数的标准差椭圆分布主要走向为“东北—西南”,全局呈逐渐加强的正相关性。(3)人口密度、坡向、土壤含水量分别是人类活动、下垫面、水文气象维度中对新安江上游水源涵养服务供需指数驱动力最强的因子。(4)人口密度对新安江上游各子流域水源涵养服务供需指数的驱动作用始终为负,坡向的驱动作用主要为负,土壤含水量的驱动作用始终为正。研究可为制定流域尺度的水土保持和水资源管理策略提供理论参考。
文摘[目的]河川径流是西北干旱区重要的水资源,辨析其变化特征及影响因素对于认识气候变化背景下的河流水文变化规律具有重要意义。[方法]以黑河上游为研究区域,根据水文站所控制的流域对黑河上游进行分区,基于黑河上游各水文站径流、降水等数据,结合累积距平、Mann-Kendall检验、双累积曲线等方法,探讨气候变化背景下径流演变规律。[结果]1968—2022年黑河上游各分区年径流量变化均呈显著增加趋势,八宝河、野牛沟、区间干流和黑河上游年径流量分别以0.29亿m^(3)/10 a, 0.69亿m^(3)/10 a, 0.39亿m^(3)/10 a, 1.36亿m^(3)/10 a的速率增加,八宝河、野牛沟、区间干流对于黑河上游流域径流量的贡献率分别为28.11%,46.31%,25.58%,野牛沟对流域径流量贡献率最大,区间干流最小;八宝河、野牛沟、区间干流和黑河上游的年径流量分别在2002年、2006年、1979年和2002年发生了由少到多的突变,年径流量平均值突变后较突变前分别增加41.76%,29.78%,67.49%和29.53%,区间干流突变后较突变前年径流量年际变化大,其他各区年径流量年际差异性变小;降水和人类活动对八宝河流域径流变化的贡献率分别为63.89%和36.11%,对野牛沟流域径流变化的贡献率分别为55.22%和44.78%,对黑河上游径流量变化的贡献率分别为53.89%和46.51%。[结论]整体来说,气候变化背景下黑河上游的年径流量呈显著增加趋势,降水是径流变化的主要原因。
