To investigate the mechanisms of apigenin(API)and proanthocyanidins(PC)in soothing sensitive skin(SS),a mast cell degranulation model was established by stimulating RBL-2H3 cells with the calcium ionophore A23187.Base...To investigate the mechanisms of apigenin(API)and proanthocyanidins(PC)in soothing sensitive skin(SS),a mast cell degranulation model was established by stimulating RBL-2H3 cells with the calcium ionophore A23187.Based on the combinatorial experiments,it was found that when API and PC were combined at the molar ratios of 4∶1 and 2∶1,they exhibited the antagonistic effects on histamine release(combination index CI>1);when they are combined at the molar ratios of 1∶1,1∶2 or 1∶4,they showed the synergistic effects on histamine release(CI<1).Among them,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 showed the better potent synergistic antihistamine release effect(CI=0.70).Histamine is a hallmark of the mast cell degranulation,consequently,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 yields the better efficiency in inhibiting the mast cell degranulation with the lowest IC_(50)value.Compared to the utilization of API or PC alone,the IC_(50)value was reduced by 11.150 and 6.503μmol/L,respectively.Compared to the positive control paeonol(PA),the treatment with the combination significantly reduced theβ-hex secretion,decreased the F-actin cytoskeleton rearrangement,and markedly suppressed the release of TNF-α,IL-4,and MCP-1.Further studies on the signaling pathways related to the mast cell degranulation indicated that the combination effectively inhibited the intracellular Ca^(2+)influx and significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase(CaMK)and phospholipase C/protein kinase C(PLC/PKC).In summary,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 exhibited the better synergistic antagonistic effect on the histamine release,inhibited the mast cell degranulation model activation by reducing Ca^(2+)influx and inhibiting the activation of Ca^(2+)/CaMK and PLC/PKC pathways,stabilized the cell membranes,regulated the inflammatory factor secretion,and exerted an effect in alleviating sensitive skin.展开更多
High purity and ultrafine DAAF(u-DAAF)is an emerging insensitive charge in initiators.Although there are many ways to obtain u-DAAF,developing a preparation method with stable operation,accurate control,good quality c...High purity and ultrafine DAAF(u-DAAF)is an emerging insensitive charge in initiators.Although there are many ways to obtain u-DAAF,developing a preparation method with stable operation,accurate control,good quality consistency,equipment miniaturization,and minimum manpower is an inevitable requirement to adapt to the current social technology development trend.Here reported is the microfluidic preparation of u-DAAF with tunable particle size by a passive swirling microreactor.Under the guidance of recrystallization growth kinetics and mixing behavior of fluids in the swirling microreactor,the key parameters(liquid flow rate,explosive concentration and crystallization temperature)were screened and optimized through screening experiments.Under the condition that no surfactant is added and only experimental parameters are controlled,the particle size of recrystallized DAAF can be adjusted from 98 nm to 785 nm,and the corresponding specific surface area is 8.45 m^(2)·g^(-1)to 1.33 m^(2)·g^(-1).In addition,the preparation method has good batch stability,high yield(90.8%-92.6%)and high purity(99.0%-99.4%),indicating a high practical application potential.Electric explosion derived flyer initiation tests demonstrate that the u-DAAF shows an initiation sensitivity much lower than that of the raw DAAF,and comparable to that of the refined DAAF by conventional spraying crystallization method.This study provides an efficient method to fabricate u-DAAF with narrow particle size distribution and high reproducibility as well as a theoretical reference for fabrication of other ultrafine explosives.展开更多
Strontium-90,a highly radioactive isotope,accumulates within the food chain and skeletal structure,posing significant risks to human health.There is a critical need for a sensitive detection strategy for Strontium-90 ...Strontium-90,a highly radioactive isotope,accumulates within the food chain and skeletal structure,posing significant risks to human health.There is a critical need for a sensitive detection strategy for Strontium-90 in complex environmental samples.Here,solid-state nanochannels,modified with metal-organic frameworks(MOF)and specific aptamers,were engineered for highly sensitive detection of strontium ion(Sr^(2+)).The synergistic effect between the reduced effective diameter of the nanochannels due to MOF and the specific binding of Sr^(2+) by aptamers amplifies the difference in ionic current signals,enhancing detection sensitivity significantly.The MOF-modified nanochannels exhibit highly sensitive detection of Sr^(2+),with a limit of detection(LOD)being 0.03 nmol·L^(-1),whereas the LOD for anodized aluminum oxide(AAO)without the modified MOF nanosheets is only 1000 nmol·L^(-1).These findings indicate that the LOD of Sr^(2+) detected by the MOF-modified nanochannels is approximately 33,000 times higher than that by the nanochannels without MOF modification.Additionally,the highly reliable detection of Sr^(2+) in various water samples was achieved,with a recovery rate ranging from 94.00%to 118.70%.This study provides valuable insights into the rapidly advancing field of advanced nanochannel-based sensors and their diverse applications for analyzing complex samples,including environmental contaminant detection,food analysis,medical diagnostics,and more.展开更多
The influence of pre-stretching on quench sensitive effect of high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy AA 7085 sheet was investigated by tensile testing at room temperature,transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and different...The influence of pre-stretching on quench sensitive effect of high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy AA 7085 sheet was investigated by tensile testing at room temperature,transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The water-cooled and aged alloy exhibits higher strength than the air-cooled and aged alloy;2.5%pre-stretching of tensile deformation exerts little effect on strength of water-cooled and aged alloy but increases that of air-cooled and aged one,and therefore the yield strength reduction rate due to slow quenching decreases from about 3.8%to about 1.0%,reducing quench sensitive effect.For the air-cooled alloy,pre-stretching increases the sizes ofη'strengthening precipitates but also increases their quantity and the ratio of diameter to thickness,resulting in enhanced strengthening and higher strength after aging.The reason has been discussed based on microstructure examination by TEM and DSC.展开更多
To improve the damage efficiency of compact terminal sensitive projectile with EFP warhead,it is vital to understand how the embedded structure(ES)affects the EFP forming performance.In this paper,the corresponding nu...To improve the damage efficiency of compact terminal sensitive projectile with EFP warhead,it is vital to understand how the embedded structure(ES)affects the EFP forming performance.In this paper,the corresponding numerical investigation is focused on,in which the fluid-structure interaction(FSI)method and the experimental verification are used.Based on the obtained quantitative relations between the forming performance and a(the ratio of height to maximum radius of ES),an optimal design is further provided.The results indicate that:when the embedded structural length and width range 0.1e0.3D and 0.1e0.2D(D:diameter of EFP warhead)at a fixed volume,respectively,EFP forming velocity nearly keeps as a constant,1760 m/s;the height of ES has a dramatical effect on the propagating range of detonation wave,resulting in significant influence on the aerodynamic shape and length-to-diameter ratio of EFP;under the given constraints,the EFP length-diameter ratio can reach the optimal value2.76,when the height of ES is 0.22D.展开更多
A process of preparing ZnO voltage sensitive ceramics doped with some oxides by coprecipitation was described in the paper. The thermal properties of ZnO nanometer powders and the current voltage characteristics of ...A process of preparing ZnO voltage sensitive ceramics doped with some oxides by coprecipitation was described in the paper. The thermal properties of ZnO nanometer powders and the current voltage characteristics of the ceramics have been investigated. The results showed that the six additive ZnO powders with hexagonal system were homogeneous grain size distribution in microstructure, the optimal reaction pH is 6.90±0.05, the temperature for calcining and sintering was at about 500 ℃ and 1100 ℃, respectively. The powders were also examined by SEM, IR and XRD etc, and the effect of doping La 2O 3 on the electrical properties of ZnO varistor was investigated too.展开更多
The existing trajectory clustering （TRACLUS） is sensitive to the input parameters c and MinLns. The parameter value is changed a little, but cluster results are entirely different. Aiming at this vulnerability, a sh...The existing trajectory clustering （TRACLUS） is sensitive to the input parameters c and MinLns. The parameter value is changed a little, but cluster results are entirely different. Aiming at this vulnerability, a shielding parameters sensitivity trajectory cluster （SPSTC） algorithm is proposed which is insensitive to the input parameters. Firstly, some definitions about the core distance and reachable distance of line segment are presented, and then the algorithm generates cluster sorting according to the core dis- tance and reachable distance. Secondly, the reachable plots of line segment sets are constructed according to the cluster sorting and reachable distance. Thirdly, a parameterized sequence is extracted according to the reachable plot, and then the final trajectory cluster based on the parameterized sequence is acquired. The parameterized sequence represents the inner cluster structure of trajectory data. Experiments on real data sets and test data sets show that the SPSTC algorithm effectively reduces the sensitivity to the input parameters, meanwhile it can obtain the better quality of the trajectory cluster.展开更多
The decision-making and optimization of two-echelon inventory coordination were analyzed with service level constraint and controllable lead time sensitive to order quantity.First,the basic model of this problem was e...The decision-making and optimization of two-echelon inventory coordination were analyzed with service level constraint and controllable lead time sensitive to order quantity.First,the basic model of this problem was established and based on relevant analysis,the original model could be transformed by minimax method.Then,the optimal order quantity and production quantity influenced by service level constraint were analyzed and the boundary of optimal order quantity and production quantity was given.According to this boundary,the effective method and tactics were put forward to solve the transformed model.In case analysis,the optimal expected total cost of two-echelon inventory can be obtained and it was analyzed how service level constraint and safety factor influence the optimal expected total cost of two-echelon inventory.The results show that the optimal expected total cost of two-echelon inventory is constrained by the higher constraint between service level constraint and safety factor.展开更多
To perform the mechanism study of special association for vancomycin and D-Ala-D-Ala-containing peptides on the interface of solution and self-assemble monolayer, the binding between vancomycin and pentapeptide （Lys-...To perform the mechanism study of special association for vancomycin and D-Ala-D-Ala-containing peptides on the interface of solution and self-assemble monolayer, the binding between vancomycin and pentapeptide （Lys-Lys-Gly-D-Ala-D-Ala） was investigated by flow injection surface plasmon resonance （FI-SPR） and flow injection quartz crystal microbalance （FI-QCM）. To facilitate the formation of a compact vancomycin adsorbates layer with a uniform surface orientation, vancomycin molecules were attached onto a preformed alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer. By optimizing the conditions for the binding between Lys-Lys-Gly-D-Ala-D-Ala and vancomycin on the assembled chip, the detecting limit of Lys-Lys-Gly-D-Ala-D-Ala was greatly improved （reaching 0.5 ×10^- 6 mol/L or 7.5 × 10^-12 mol）. The equilibrium constant of the association of Lys-Lys-Gly-D-Ala-D-Ala with vancomycin was also obtained （KAds=5.0×10^4 L/tool）.展开更多
Sediment particles,as one of the key components of drip irrigation technology,significantly affect the service life of emitters and restrict the popularization of drip irrigation technology.Hence,two types of patch dr...Sediment particles,as one of the key components of drip irrigation technology,significantly affect the service life of emitters and restrict the popularization of drip irrigation technology.Hence,two types of patch drip irrigation emitters,focusing on the anti-clogging performance through the experiment,were investigated.The dynamic variations in the clogging characteristics of emitters,specifically were subjected to statistical analysis.The movement mechanism of emitter clogging and discharging sediment was studied.The effects of emitter structure and position factors on emitter clogging were analyzed.The results show that the pressure-compensated emitter exhibits superior anti-clogging perfor-mance,with a service life that is 227.8%greater than that of the labyrinth channel emitter.A single structural factor cannot completely evaluate the anti-clogging performance of emitters.All factors causing emitter clogging should be considered comprehensively.Emitters contain sensitive sediment prone to clogging,however,significant blockage occurs primarily when the sediment content is elevated.The discharge of sediment,denoted as V90,from the emitter is affected by the accumulative effect of clogged sediment.These results may offer valuable insights for the application and advancement of drip irrigation technology.展开更多
To scientifically evaluate the restoration performance of ancient city walls,Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS)and infrared thermal imaging technology were applied to assess the Desheng Fortress(Ming Dynasty)...To scientifically evaluate the restoration performance of ancient city walls,Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS)and infrared thermal imaging technology were applied to assess the Desheng Fortress(Ming Dynasty).Three representative sections were examined:adobe brick masonry repaired(Area 1),well-preserved original(Area 2),and layer-by-layer ramming repaired(Area 3).THz spectral data revealed significant differences between Area 1(time delay:3.72 ps;refractive index:2.224)and Area 2(time delay:3.02 ps;refractive index:2.107),while Area 3(time delay:3.12 ps;refractive index:2.098)demonstrated nearly identical THz spectral data to Area 2.Infrared thermal imaging also showed that the Area 3 restored by layer-by-layer ramming exhibited greater uniformity with fewer instances of cracks,capillary phenomena,or biological diseases.The proposed point-surface integrated evaluation methodology synergistically combines infrared thermography mapping of heritage surfaces with THz spectral datasets acquired through in-situ micro-sampling,enabling quantitative restoration assessment and providing a novel approach for scientifically validating traditional conservation techniques.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which is essentially primary liver cancer,is closely related to CD8^(+)T cell immune infiltration and immune suppression.We constructed a CD8^(+)T cells related risk score model to predic...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which is essentially primary liver cancer,is closely related to CD8^(+)T cell immune infiltration and immune suppression.We constructed a CD8^(+)T cells related risk score model to predict the prognosis of HCC patients and provided therapeutic guidance based on the risk score.Using integrated bulk RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)and single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)datasets,we identified stable CD8^(+)T cell signatures.Based on these signatures,a 3-gene risk score model,comprised of KLRB1,RGS 2,and TNFRSF1B was constructed.The risk score model was well validated through an independent external validation cohort.We divided patients into high-risk and low-risk groups according to the risk score and compared the differences in immune microenvironment between these two groups.Compared with low-risk patients,high-risk patients have higher M2-type macrophage content(P<0.0001)and lower CD8^(+)T cells infiltration(P<0.0001).High-risk patients predict worse response to immunotherapy treatment than low-risk patients(P<0.01).Drug sensitivity analysis shows that PI3K-β inhibitor AZD6482 and TGFβRII inhibitor SB505124 may be suitable therapies for high-risk patients,while the IGF-1R inhibitor BMS-754807 or the novel pyrimidine-based anti-tumor metabolic drug Gemcitabine could be potential therapeutic choices for low-risk patients.Moreover,expression of these 3-gene model was verified by immunohistochemistry.In summary,the establishment and validation of a CD8^(+)T cell-derived risk model can more accurately predict the prognosis of HCC patients and guide the construction of personalized treatment plans.展开更多
Potassium-calcium activates channel subfamily N member 3(KCNN3/SK3/KCa2.3)is involved in regulating cellular calcium signaling,muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release.Dysregulation of the KCNN3 channel is asso...Potassium-calcium activates channel subfamily N member 3(KCNN3/SK3/KCa2.3)is involved in regulating cellular calcium signaling,muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release.Dysregulation of the KCNN3 channel is associated with the development of various tumors.We use bioinformatics analysis to identify whether KCNN3 regulates the occurrence and development of stomach adenocarcinoma(STAD)as a prognostic target.By analyzing the Human Protein Atlas(HPA)database and The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,we found that the protein and mRNA levels of KCNN3 were dramatically reduced in STAD,and TCGA database showed that KCNN3 significantly correlated with the prognosis and clinical features of STAD.In addition,we found that high expression of KCNN3 in STAD reduced the IC 50 of several drugs in STAD cells,suggesting that high expression of KCNN3 correlated with the drug sensitivity of STAD.To investigate the underlying biological mechanism,we identified a potential KCNN3 interaction factor,tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 7(CD27/TNFRSF7),which is expressed at low levels in STAD.RT-qPCR and Western blotting confirmed that KCNN3 and CD27 positively correlated with each other at protein and mRNA levels,and co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments confirmed that the two proteins interact and colocalize in the cytoplasm.Moreover,we confirmed the inhibitory effect of KCNN3 on the proliferation,migration and invasion of human STAD cells in vitro and in vivo through subcutaneous tumorigenesis and cellular experiments.Furthermore,GO/KEGG enrichment analysis showed that KCNN3 was enriched in signaling pathways regulating the immune response and calcium or metal ion transport.Lastly,we verified through cell co-culture,RT-qPCR and CCK8 assays that high expression of KCNN3 can promote the increase of T cell activating factor and the killing effect of T cells on STAD cells.Therefore,our results suggest that KCNN3 is a potential inhibitory factor affecting the occurrence and progression of STAD.展开更多
Composite microcrystals of the nitramines(NAs)viz.,RDX,HMX,BCHMX,and CL-20 with electrically conductive polyaniline(PANi)are a charge transfer complexes in coagglomerated composite crystals(CACs).The activation energi...Composite microcrystals of the nitramines(NAs)viz.,RDX,HMX,BCHMX,and CL-20 with electrically conductive polyaniline(PANi)are a charge transfer complexes in coagglomerated composite crystals(CACs).The activation energies of thermolysis,E_(a),of the pure NAs and their PANi-CACs were determined using the Kissinger method,and decomposition processes are discussed.Except for the RDX/PANi CACs,all the other CACs show higher E_(a) values for decomposition compared to their pure NA counterparts.For all CACs,relationships are specified between the E_(a) values,on the one hand,and the squares of the detonation velocities,enthalpies of formation,spark energy and impact sensitivities,on the other.The relationships between their low-temperature heats of decomposition,ΔH,from DSC,and their enthalpy of formation,logarithm of impact sensitivity,electric spark energy,as well as detonation energy,are described.The PANi favorably influences the density of the corresponding CACs;surprisingly close linear correlations were found,and explained,between these densities and the E_(a) values.This presence of PANi strongly increased the electrical spark sensitivity of the CACs in comparison to the base NAs.Based on the results obtained,it can be noted in particular the exceptional desensitization of HMX to impact and the increased sensitivity to electrical spark by coating its crystals with polyaniline.展开更多
Rice sheath blight is one of the serious rice diseases causing economic losses worldwide.Shenqinmycin,a broad-spectrum microbial metabolite pesticide,inhibits plant pathogens.This study investigated the sensitivity of...Rice sheath blight is one of the serious rice diseases causing economic losses worldwide.Shenqinmycin,a broad-spectrum microbial metabolite pesticide,inhibits plant pathogens.This study investigated the sensitivity of rice sheath blight pathogen to the biological pesticide by treating 45 strains isolated from three northeastern provinces with varying concentrations of Shenqinmycin.The effects on mycelial growth and sclerotial germination of the rice sheath blight pathogens were measured to determine the resistance levels.The results indicated that all tested strains were sensitive to Shenqinmycin,with EC50 values for Rhizoctonia solani ranging from 0.0487 mg·L^(-1) to 0.2348 mg·L^(-1),and a sensitivity baseline of 0.1292 mg·L^(-1).For Rhizoctonias oryzae-sativae,the EC50 values ranged from 0.0517 mg·L^(-1) to 0.1697 mg·L^(-1),with a sensitivity baseline of 0.1163 mg·L^(-1).Shenqinmycin had no effect on the sclerotial germination of either pathogen,suggesting its potential as an effective agent for controlling rice sheath blight.展开更多
The primary concern in stealth aircraft design is the very large electrical size objects.However,the computational and storage requirements of these objects present significant obstacles for current highfidelity desig...The primary concern in stealth aircraft design is the very large electrical size objects.However,the computational and storage requirements of these objects present significant obstacles for current highfidelity design methods,particularly when addressing high-dimensional complex engineering design problems.To address these challenges,we developed a surface sensitivity technique based on the multilevel fast multipole algorithm(MLFMA).An access and storage of sparse partial derivative tensor was improved to significantly enhanced the computation performance.The far-field interactions of the surface sensitivity equation were realized by differential the multipole expansion.In addition,we proposed a fast far-field multiplication method to accelerate the multiplication process.The surface mesh derivative with respect to the design variables was calculated by analytical and complex variable methods,substantially improving computational efficiency.These advancements enabled the MLFMAbased surface sensitivity method to millions meshes and large-scale gradients,extending gradientbased optimization for very large electrical size problems.Test cases have verified the effectiveness of this method in optimizing very large electrical objects in terms of both accuracy and efficiency.展开更多
The effect of hot deformation on the quench sensitivity of the 7085 alloy was studied through hardness testing and microstructure characterization.The findings indicate that hot deformation enhances the quench sensiti...The effect of hot deformation on the quench sensitivity of the 7085 alloy was studied through hardness testing and microstructure characterization.The findings indicate that hot deformation enhances the quench sensitivity of the 7085 alloy,with the hardness difference between water quenching and air cooling increasing from 5.4%(before hot deformation)to 10.4%(after hot deformation).In the undeformed samples,the Al3Zr particles within the grains exhibit better coherent with the Al matrix.During slow quenching,only theηphase is observed on Al3Zr particles and at the grain boundaries.Hot deformation leads to a mass of recrystallization and the formation of subgrains with high dislocation density.This results in an increase in the types,quantities,and sizes of heterogeneous precipitates during quenching.In the slow quenching process,high angle grain boundaries are best for the nucleation and growth of theηphase.Secondly,a substantial quantity ofηand T phases precipitate on the non-coherent Al3Zr phase within the recrystallized grains.The locations with high dislocation density subgrains(boundaries)serve as nucleation positions for theηand T phases precipitating.Additionally,the Y phase is observed to precipitate at dislocation sites within the subgrains.展开更多
In order to analyze the influences of storage aging on the safety of typical elemental explosives,the aged cyclotrimethylene trinitramine(RDX)and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine(HMX)were prepared by isothermal agin...In order to analyze the influences of storage aging on the safety of typical elemental explosives,the aged cyclotrimethylene trinitramine(RDX)and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine(HMX)were prepared by isothermal aging tests.The reaction thresholds of aged RDX and HMX under any ignition probability were studied by Langlie-Optimal D method.The thermal decomposition characteristics of RDX and HMX after aging were analyzed by DSC and ARC.Experimental results showed that compared with unaged RDX and HMX,on the one hand,the critical impact energy and critical friction of RDX and HMX aged for 14,28,and 56 days are significantly reduced at an explosion probability of 50%,0.01%,and 0.0001%,respectively.With the increase of aging time,the mechanical sensitivity of RDX and HMX increases obviously.On the other hand,the initial decomposition temperature of RDX and HMX after 56 days of aging decreases,the decomposition heat decreases,the activation energy increases,and the reaction difficulty increases.展开更多
Recent advances in additive manufacturing have enabled the construction of metallic lattice structures with tailored mechanical and functional properties.One potential application of metallic lattice struc-tures is in...Recent advances in additive manufacturing have enabled the construction of metallic lattice structures with tailored mechanical and functional properties.One potential application of metallic lattice struc-tures is in the impact load mitigation where an external kinetic energy is absorbed by the deformation/crushing of lattice cells.This has motivated a growing number of experimental and numerical studies,recently,on the crushing behavior of additively produced lattice structures.The present study overviews the dynamic and quasi-static crushing behavior of additively produced Ti64,316L,and AlSiMg alloy lattice structures.The first part of the study summarizes the main features of two most commonly used additive processing techniques for lattice structures,namely selective-laser-melt(SLM)and electro-beam-melt(EBM),along with a description of commonly observed process induced defects.In the second part,the deformation and strain rate sensitivities of the selected alloy lattices are outlined together with the most widely used dynamic test methods,followed by a part on the observed micro-structures of the SLM and EBM-processed Ti64,316L and AlSiMg alloys.Finally,the experimental and numerical studies on the quasi-static and dynamic compression behavior of the additively processed Ti64,316L,and AlSiMg alloy lattices are reviewed.The results of the experimental and numerical studies of the dynamic properties of various types of lattices,including graded,non-uniform strut size,hollow,non-uniform cell size,and bio-inspired,were tabulated together with the used dynamic testing methods.The dynamic tests have been noted to be mostly conducted in compression Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)or Taylor-and direct-impact tests using the SHPB set-up,in all of which relatively small-size test specimens were tested.The test specimen size effect on the compression behavior of the lattices was further emphasized.It has also been shown that the lattices of Ti64 and AlSiMg alloys are relatively brittle as compared with the lattices of 316L alloy.Finally,the challenges associated with modelling lattice structures were explained and the micro tension tests and multi-scale modeling techniques combining microstructural characteristics with macroscopic lattice dynamics were recommended to improve the accuracy of the numerical simulations of the dynamic compression deformations of metallic lattice structures.展开更多
文摘To investigate the mechanisms of apigenin(API)and proanthocyanidins(PC)in soothing sensitive skin(SS),a mast cell degranulation model was established by stimulating RBL-2H3 cells with the calcium ionophore A23187.Based on the combinatorial experiments,it was found that when API and PC were combined at the molar ratios of 4∶1 and 2∶1,they exhibited the antagonistic effects on histamine release(combination index CI>1);when they are combined at the molar ratios of 1∶1,1∶2 or 1∶4,they showed the synergistic effects on histamine release(CI<1).Among them,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 showed the better potent synergistic antihistamine release effect(CI=0.70).Histamine is a hallmark of the mast cell degranulation,consequently,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 yields the better efficiency in inhibiting the mast cell degranulation with the lowest IC_(50)value.Compared to the utilization of API or PC alone,the IC_(50)value was reduced by 11.150 and 6.503μmol/L,respectively.Compared to the positive control paeonol(PA),the treatment with the combination significantly reduced theβ-hex secretion,decreased the F-actin cytoskeleton rearrangement,and markedly suppressed the release of TNF-α,IL-4,and MCP-1.Further studies on the signaling pathways related to the mast cell degranulation indicated that the combination effectively inhibited the intracellular Ca^(2+)influx and significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase(CaMK)and phospholipase C/protein kinase C(PLC/PKC).In summary,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 exhibited the better synergistic antagonistic effect on the histamine release,inhibited the mast cell degranulation model activation by reducing Ca^(2+)influx and inhibiting the activation of Ca^(2+)/CaMK and PLC/PKC pathways,stabilized the cell membranes,regulated the inflammatory factor secretion,and exerted an effect in alleviating sensitive skin.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.22105184)Research Fund of SWUST for PhD (Grant No.22zx7175)+1 种基金Sichuan Science and Technology Program (Grant No.2019ZDZX0013)Institute of Chemical Materials Program (Grant No.SXK-2022-03)for financial support。
文摘High purity and ultrafine DAAF(u-DAAF)is an emerging insensitive charge in initiators.Although there are many ways to obtain u-DAAF,developing a preparation method with stable operation,accurate control,good quality consistency,equipment miniaturization,and minimum manpower is an inevitable requirement to adapt to the current social technology development trend.Here reported is the microfluidic preparation of u-DAAF with tunable particle size by a passive swirling microreactor.Under the guidance of recrystallization growth kinetics and mixing behavior of fluids in the swirling microreactor,the key parameters(liquid flow rate,explosive concentration and crystallization temperature)were screened and optimized through screening experiments.Under the condition that no surfactant is added and only experimental parameters are controlled,the particle size of recrystallized DAAF can be adjusted from 98 nm to 785 nm,and the corresponding specific surface area is 8.45 m^(2)·g^(-1)to 1.33 m^(2)·g^(-1).In addition,the preparation method has good batch stability,high yield(90.8%-92.6%)and high purity(99.0%-99.4%),indicating a high practical application potential.Electric explosion derived flyer initiation tests demonstrate that the u-DAAF shows an initiation sensitivity much lower than that of the raw DAAF,and comparable to that of the refined DAAF by conventional spraying crystallization method.This study provides an efficient method to fabricate u-DAAF with narrow particle size distribution and high reproducibility as well as a theoretical reference for fabrication of other ultrafine explosives.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22090050,No.22090052,No.22176180)National Basic Research Program of China(No.2021YFA1200400)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2024AFA001)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20220530162406014)。
文摘Strontium-90,a highly radioactive isotope,accumulates within the food chain and skeletal structure,posing significant risks to human health.There is a critical need for a sensitive detection strategy for Strontium-90 in complex environmental samples.Here,solid-state nanochannels,modified with metal-organic frameworks(MOF)and specific aptamers,were engineered for highly sensitive detection of strontium ion(Sr^(2+)).The synergistic effect between the reduced effective diameter of the nanochannels due to MOF and the specific binding of Sr^(2+) by aptamers amplifies the difference in ionic current signals,enhancing detection sensitivity significantly.The MOF-modified nanochannels exhibit highly sensitive detection of Sr^(2+),with a limit of detection(LOD)being 0.03 nmol·L^(-1),whereas the LOD for anodized aluminum oxide(AAO)without the modified MOF nanosheets is only 1000 nmol·L^(-1).These findings indicate that the LOD of Sr^(2+) detected by the MOF-modified nanochannels is approximately 33,000 times higher than that by the nanochannels without MOF modification.Additionally,the highly reliable detection of Sr^(2+) in various water samples was achieved,with a recovery rate ranging from 94.00%to 118.70%.This study provides valuable insights into the rapidly advancing field of advanced nanochannel-based sensors and their diverse applications for analyzing complex samples,including environmental contaminant detection,food analysis,medical diagnostics,and more.
基金Project(AA17202007) supported by the Special Funding for Innovation-Driven Development of Guangxi Province,China。
文摘The influence of pre-stretching on quench sensitive effect of high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy AA 7085 sheet was investigated by tensile testing at room temperature,transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The water-cooled and aged alloy exhibits higher strength than the air-cooled and aged alloy;2.5%pre-stretching of tensile deformation exerts little effect on strength of water-cooled and aged alloy but increases that of air-cooled and aged one,and therefore the yield strength reduction rate due to slow quenching decreases from about 3.8%to about 1.0%,reducing quench sensitive effect.For the air-cooled alloy,pre-stretching increases the sizes ofη'strengthening precipitates but also increases their quantity and the ratio of diameter to thickness,resulting in enhanced strengthening and higher strength after aging.The reason has been discussed based on microstructure examination by TEM and DSC.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under No. 11102088Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under No. 30915118821funded by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under No. 20133219110019
文摘To improve the damage efficiency of compact terminal sensitive projectile with EFP warhead,it is vital to understand how the embedded structure(ES)affects the EFP forming performance.In this paper,the corresponding numerical investigation is focused on,in which the fluid-structure interaction(FSI)method and the experimental verification are used.Based on the obtained quantitative relations between the forming performance and a(the ratio of height to maximum radius of ES),an optimal design is further provided.The results indicate that:when the embedded structural length and width range 0.1e0.3D and 0.1e0.2D(D:diameter of EFP warhead)at a fixed volume,respectively,EFP forming velocity nearly keeps as a constant,1760 m/s;the height of ES has a dramatical effect on the propagating range of detonation wave,resulting in significant influence on the aerodynamic shape and length-to-diameter ratio of EFP;under the given constraints,the EFP length-diameter ratio can reach the optimal value2.76,when the height of ES is 0.22D.
文摘A process of preparing ZnO voltage sensitive ceramics doped with some oxides by coprecipitation was described in the paper. The thermal properties of ZnO nanometer powders and the current voltage characteristics of the ceramics have been investigated. The results showed that the six additive ZnO powders with hexagonal system were homogeneous grain size distribution in microstructure, the optimal reaction pH is 6.90±0.05, the temperature for calcining and sintering was at about 500 ℃ and 1100 ℃, respectively. The powders were also examined by SEM, IR and XRD etc, and the effect of doping La 2O 3 on the electrical properties of ZnO varistor was investigated too.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2007AA01Z404)the Funding of Jiangsu Provincial Innovation Program for Graduate Education(CXLX110206)
文摘The existing trajectory clustering （TRACLUS） is sensitive to the input parameters c and MinLns. The parameter value is changed a little, but cluster results are entirely different. Aiming at this vulnerability, a shielding parameters sensitivity trajectory cluster （SPSTC） algorithm is proposed which is insensitive to the input parameters. Firstly, some definitions about the core distance and reachable distance of line segment are presented, and then the algorithm generates cluster sorting according to the core dis- tance and reachable distance. Secondly, the reachable plots of line segment sets are constructed according to the cluster sorting and reachable distance. Thirdly, a parameterized sequence is extracted according to the reachable plot, and then the final trajectory cluster based on the parameterized sequence is acquired. The parameterized sequence represents the inner cluster structure of trajectory data. Experiments on real data sets and test data sets show that the SPSTC algorithm effectively reduces the sensitivity to the input parameters, meanwhile it can obtain the better quality of the trajectory cluster.
基金Project(71102174,71372019)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(9123028)supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China+3 种基金Project(20111101120019)supported by the Specialized Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education of ChinaProject(11JGC106)supported by the Beijing Philosophy&Social Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(NCET-10-0048,NCET-10-0043)supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of ChinaProject(2010YC1307)supported by Excellent Young Teacher in Beijing Institute of Technology of China
文摘The decision-making and optimization of two-echelon inventory coordination were analyzed with service level constraint and controllable lead time sensitive to order quantity.First,the basic model of this problem was established and based on relevant analysis,the original model could be transformed by minimax method.Then,the optimal order quantity and production quantity influenced by service level constraint were analyzed and the boundary of optimal order quantity and production quantity was given.According to this boundary,the effective method and tactics were put forward to solve the transformed model.In case analysis,the optimal expected total cost of two-echelon inventory can be obtained and it was analyzed how service level constraint and safety factor influence the optimal expected total cost of two-echelon inventory.The results show that the optimal expected total cost of two-echelon inventory is constrained by the higher constraint between service level constraint and safety factor.
基金Projects(20773165,20876179) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(09JJ1002) supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China+1 种基金Project(NCET-07-0865) for New Century Excellent Talents in Chinese UniversityProject(2007AA022006) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China
文摘To perform the mechanism study of special association for vancomycin and D-Ala-D-Ala-containing peptides on the interface of solution and self-assemble monolayer, the binding between vancomycin and pentapeptide （Lys-Lys-Gly-D-Ala-D-Ala） was investigated by flow injection surface plasmon resonance （FI-SPR） and flow injection quartz crystal microbalance （FI-QCM）. To facilitate the formation of a compact vancomycin adsorbates layer with a uniform surface orientation, vancomycin molecules were attached onto a preformed alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer. By optimizing the conditions for the binding between Lys-Lys-Gly-D-Ala-D-Ala and vancomycin on the assembled chip, the detecting limit of Lys-Lys-Gly-D-Ala-D-Ala was greatly improved （reaching 0.5 ×10^- 6 mol/L or 7.5 × 10^-12 mol）. The equilibrium constant of the association of Lys-Lys-Gly-D-Ala-D-Ala with vancomycin was also obtained （KAds=5.0×10^4 L/tool）.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52269011,52469008)。
文摘Sediment particles,as one of the key components of drip irrigation technology,significantly affect the service life of emitters and restrict the popularization of drip irrigation technology.Hence,two types of patch drip irrigation emitters,focusing on the anti-clogging performance through the experiment,were investigated.The dynamic variations in the clogging characteristics of emitters,specifically were subjected to statistical analysis.The movement mechanism of emitter clogging and discharging sediment was studied.The effects of emitter structure and position factors on emitter clogging were analyzed.The results show that the pressure-compensated emitter exhibits superior anti-clogging perfor-mance,with a service life that is 227.8%greater than that of the labyrinth channel emitter.A single structural factor cannot completely evaluate the anti-clogging performance of emitters.All factors causing emitter clogging should be considered comprehensively.Emitters contain sensitive sediment prone to clogging,however,significant blockage occurs primarily when the sediment content is elevated.The discharge of sediment,denoted as V90,from the emitter is affected by the accumulative effect of clogged sediment.These results may offer valuable insights for the application and advancement of drip irrigation technology.
文摘To scientifically evaluate the restoration performance of ancient city walls,Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS)and infrared thermal imaging technology were applied to assess the Desheng Fortress(Ming Dynasty).Three representative sections were examined:adobe brick masonry repaired(Area 1),well-preserved original(Area 2),and layer-by-layer ramming repaired(Area 3).THz spectral data revealed significant differences between Area 1(time delay:3.72 ps;refractive index:2.224)and Area 2(time delay:3.02 ps;refractive index:2.107),while Area 3(time delay:3.12 ps;refractive index:2.098)demonstrated nearly identical THz spectral data to Area 2.Infrared thermal imaging also showed that the Area 3 restored by layer-by-layer ramming exhibited greater uniformity with fewer instances of cracks,capillary phenomena,or biological diseases.The proposed point-surface integrated evaluation methodology synergistically combines infrared thermography mapping of heritage surfaces with THz spectral datasets acquired through in-situ micro-sampling,enabling quantitative restoration assessment and providing a novel approach for scientifically validating traditional conservation techniques.
基金国家自然科学基金项目(No.81902513)山西省应用基础研究计划项目(No.202303021211114 and 202103021224228)山西省高等教育百亿工程“科技引导”专项(No.BYJL047)资助。
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which is essentially primary liver cancer,is closely related to CD8^(+)T cell immune infiltration and immune suppression.We constructed a CD8^(+)T cells related risk score model to predict the prognosis of HCC patients and provided therapeutic guidance based on the risk score.Using integrated bulk RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)and single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)datasets,we identified stable CD8^(+)T cell signatures.Based on these signatures,a 3-gene risk score model,comprised of KLRB1,RGS 2,and TNFRSF1B was constructed.The risk score model was well validated through an independent external validation cohort.We divided patients into high-risk and low-risk groups according to the risk score and compared the differences in immune microenvironment between these two groups.Compared with low-risk patients,high-risk patients have higher M2-type macrophage content(P<0.0001)and lower CD8^(+)T cells infiltration(P<0.0001).High-risk patients predict worse response to immunotherapy treatment than low-risk patients(P<0.01).Drug sensitivity analysis shows that PI3K-β inhibitor AZD6482 and TGFβRII inhibitor SB505124 may be suitable therapies for high-risk patients,while the IGF-1R inhibitor BMS-754807 or the novel pyrimidine-based anti-tumor metabolic drug Gemcitabine could be potential therapeutic choices for low-risk patients.Moreover,expression of these 3-gene model was verified by immunohistochemistry.In summary,the establishment and validation of a CD8^(+)T cell-derived risk model can more accurately predict the prognosis of HCC patients and guide the construction of personalized treatment plans.
文摘Potassium-calcium activates channel subfamily N member 3(KCNN3/SK3/KCa2.3)is involved in regulating cellular calcium signaling,muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release.Dysregulation of the KCNN3 channel is associated with the development of various tumors.We use bioinformatics analysis to identify whether KCNN3 regulates the occurrence and development of stomach adenocarcinoma(STAD)as a prognostic target.By analyzing the Human Protein Atlas(HPA)database and The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,we found that the protein and mRNA levels of KCNN3 were dramatically reduced in STAD,and TCGA database showed that KCNN3 significantly correlated with the prognosis and clinical features of STAD.In addition,we found that high expression of KCNN3 in STAD reduced the IC 50 of several drugs in STAD cells,suggesting that high expression of KCNN3 correlated with the drug sensitivity of STAD.To investigate the underlying biological mechanism,we identified a potential KCNN3 interaction factor,tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 7(CD27/TNFRSF7),which is expressed at low levels in STAD.RT-qPCR and Western blotting confirmed that KCNN3 and CD27 positively correlated with each other at protein and mRNA levels,and co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments confirmed that the two proteins interact and colocalize in the cytoplasm.Moreover,we confirmed the inhibitory effect of KCNN3 on the proliferation,migration and invasion of human STAD cells in vitro and in vivo through subcutaneous tumorigenesis and cellular experiments.Furthermore,GO/KEGG enrichment analysis showed that KCNN3 was enriched in signaling pathways regulating the immune response and calcium or metal ion transport.Lastly,we verified through cell co-culture,RT-qPCR and CCK8 assays that high expression of KCNN3 can promote the increase of T cell activating factor and the killing effect of T cells on STAD cells.Therefore,our results suggest that KCNN3 is a potential inhibitory factor affecting the occurrence and progression of STAD.
基金funding from the Student Grant Project no.SGS_2022_003 of the Faculty of Chemical Technology at the University of Pardubice Czechia.
文摘Composite microcrystals of the nitramines(NAs)viz.,RDX,HMX,BCHMX,and CL-20 with electrically conductive polyaniline(PANi)are a charge transfer complexes in coagglomerated composite crystals(CACs).The activation energies of thermolysis,E_(a),of the pure NAs and their PANi-CACs were determined using the Kissinger method,and decomposition processes are discussed.Except for the RDX/PANi CACs,all the other CACs show higher E_(a) values for decomposition compared to their pure NA counterparts.For all CACs,relationships are specified between the E_(a) values,on the one hand,and the squares of the detonation velocities,enthalpies of formation,spark energy and impact sensitivities,on the other.The relationships between their low-temperature heats of decomposition,ΔH,from DSC,and their enthalpy of formation,logarithm of impact sensitivity,electric spark energy,as well as detonation energy,are described.The PANi favorably influences the density of the corresponding CACs;surprisingly close linear correlations were found,and explained,between these densities and the E_(a) values.This presence of PANi strongly increased the electrical spark sensitivity of the CACs in comparison to the base NAs.Based on the results obtained,it can be noted in particular the exceptional desensitization of HMX to impact and the increased sensitivity to electrical spark by coating its crystals with polyaniline.
基金Supported by the Green Plant Protection Project(213010801)the Heilongjiang Provincial Key R&D Program Projects(20232X02B0502)。
文摘Rice sheath blight is one of the serious rice diseases causing economic losses worldwide.Shenqinmycin,a broad-spectrum microbial metabolite pesticide,inhibits plant pathogens.This study investigated the sensitivity of rice sheath blight pathogen to the biological pesticide by treating 45 strains isolated from three northeastern provinces with varying concentrations of Shenqinmycin.The effects on mycelial growth and sclerotial germination of the rice sheath blight pathogens were measured to determine the resistance levels.The results indicated that all tested strains were sensitive to Shenqinmycin,with EC50 values for Rhizoctonia solani ranging from 0.0487 mg·L^(-1) to 0.2348 mg·L^(-1),and a sensitivity baseline of 0.1292 mg·L^(-1).For Rhizoctonias oryzae-sativae,the EC50 values ranged from 0.0517 mg·L^(-1) to 0.1697 mg·L^(-1),with a sensitivity baseline of 0.1163 mg·L^(-1).Shenqinmycin had no effect on the sclerotial germination of either pathogen,suggesting its potential as an effective agent for controlling rice sheath blight.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB3002800).
文摘The primary concern in stealth aircraft design is the very large electrical size objects.However,the computational and storage requirements of these objects present significant obstacles for current highfidelity design methods,particularly when addressing high-dimensional complex engineering design problems.To address these challenges,we developed a surface sensitivity technique based on the multilevel fast multipole algorithm(MLFMA).An access and storage of sparse partial derivative tensor was improved to significantly enhanced the computation performance.The far-field interactions of the surface sensitivity equation were realized by differential the multipole expansion.In addition,we proposed a fast far-field multiplication method to accelerate the multiplication process.The surface mesh derivative with respect to the design variables was calculated by analytical and complex variable methods,substantially improving computational efficiency.These advancements enabled the MLFMAbased surface sensitivity method to millions meshes and large-scale gradients,extending gradientbased optimization for very large electrical size problems.Test cases have verified the effectiveness of this method in optimizing very large electrical objects in terms of both accuracy and efficiency.
基金Project(52205421)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(AA23023028)supported by the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project,China+2 种基金Projects(2022B0909070001,2020B010186001)supported by the Key Research and Development Projects of Guangdong Province,ChinaProject(2021B0101220006)supported by the Guangdong Key Areas Research and Development Program“Chip,Software and Computing”Major Project,ChinaProjects(2021RC2087,2022JJ30570)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China。
文摘The effect of hot deformation on the quench sensitivity of the 7085 alloy was studied through hardness testing and microstructure characterization.The findings indicate that hot deformation enhances the quench sensitivity of the 7085 alloy,with the hardness difference between water quenching and air cooling increasing from 5.4%(before hot deformation)to 10.4%(after hot deformation).In the undeformed samples,the Al3Zr particles within the grains exhibit better coherent with the Al matrix.During slow quenching,only theηphase is observed on Al3Zr particles and at the grain boundaries.Hot deformation leads to a mass of recrystallization and the formation of subgrains with high dislocation density.This results in an increase in the types,quantities,and sizes of heterogeneous precipitates during quenching.In the slow quenching process,high angle grain boundaries are best for the nucleation and growth of theηphase.Secondly,a substantial quantity ofηand T phases precipitate on the non-coherent Al3Zr phase within the recrystallized grains.The locations with high dislocation density subgrains(boundaries)serve as nucleation positions for theηand T phases precipitating.Additionally,the Y phase is observed to precipitate at dislocation sites within the subgrains.
基金supported by the National Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials, China (Grant No. 2023-LB-036-09).
文摘In order to analyze the influences of storage aging on the safety of typical elemental explosives,the aged cyclotrimethylene trinitramine(RDX)and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine(HMX)were prepared by isothermal aging tests.The reaction thresholds of aged RDX and HMX under any ignition probability were studied by Langlie-Optimal D method.The thermal decomposition characteristics of RDX and HMX after aging were analyzed by DSC and ARC.Experimental results showed that compared with unaged RDX and HMX,on the one hand,the critical impact energy and critical friction of RDX and HMX aged for 14,28,and 56 days are significantly reduced at an explosion probability of 50%,0.01%,and 0.0001%,respectively.With the increase of aging time,the mechanical sensitivity of RDX and HMX increases obviously.On the other hand,the initial decomposition temperature of RDX and HMX after 56 days of aging decreases,the decomposition heat decreases,the activation energy increases,and the reaction difficulty increases.
基金the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 101034425 for the project titled A2M2TECHThe Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK) with grant No 120C158 for the same A2M2TECH project under the TUBITAK's 2236/B program
文摘Recent advances in additive manufacturing have enabled the construction of metallic lattice structures with tailored mechanical and functional properties.One potential application of metallic lattice struc-tures is in the impact load mitigation where an external kinetic energy is absorbed by the deformation/crushing of lattice cells.This has motivated a growing number of experimental and numerical studies,recently,on the crushing behavior of additively produced lattice structures.The present study overviews the dynamic and quasi-static crushing behavior of additively produced Ti64,316L,and AlSiMg alloy lattice structures.The first part of the study summarizes the main features of two most commonly used additive processing techniques for lattice structures,namely selective-laser-melt(SLM)and electro-beam-melt(EBM),along with a description of commonly observed process induced defects.In the second part,the deformation and strain rate sensitivities of the selected alloy lattices are outlined together with the most widely used dynamic test methods,followed by a part on the observed micro-structures of the SLM and EBM-processed Ti64,316L and AlSiMg alloys.Finally,the experimental and numerical studies on the quasi-static and dynamic compression behavior of the additively processed Ti64,316L,and AlSiMg alloy lattices are reviewed.The results of the experimental and numerical studies of the dynamic properties of various types of lattices,including graded,non-uniform strut size,hollow,non-uniform cell size,and bio-inspired,were tabulated together with the used dynamic testing methods.The dynamic tests have been noted to be mostly conducted in compression Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)or Taylor-and direct-impact tests using the SHPB set-up,in all of which relatively small-size test specimens were tested.The test specimen size effect on the compression behavior of the lattices was further emphasized.It has also been shown that the lattices of Ti64 and AlSiMg alloys are relatively brittle as compared with the lattices of 316L alloy.Finally,the challenges associated with modelling lattice structures were explained and the micro tension tests and multi-scale modeling techniques combining microstructural characteristics with macroscopic lattice dynamics were recommended to improve the accuracy of the numerical simulations of the dynamic compression deformations of metallic lattice structures.
