Based on nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, the analytical solutions of stability number and supporting force on twin shallow tunnels were derived using upper bound theorem of limit analysis. The optimized solu...Based on nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, the analytical solutions of stability number and supporting force on twin shallow tunnels were derived using upper bound theorem of limit analysis. The optimized solutions were obtained by the technique of sequential quadratic programming. When nonlinear coefficient equals 1 and internal friction angle equals 0, the nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion degenerates into linear failure criterion. The calculated results of stability number in this work were compared with previous results, and the agreement verifies the effectiveness of the present method. Under the condition of nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, the results show that the supporting force on twin shallow tunnels obviously increases when the nonlinear coefficient, burial depth, ground load or pore water pressure coefficients increase. When the clear distance is 0.5to 1.0 times the diameter of tunnel, the supporting force of twin shallow tunnels reaches its maximum value, which means that the tunnels are the easiest to collapse. While the clear distance increases to 3.5 times the diameter of tunnel, the calculation for twin shallow tunnels can be carried out by the method for independent single shallow tunnel. Therefore, 3.5 times the diameter of tunnel serves as a critical value to determine whether twin shallow tunnels influence each other. In designing twin shallow tunnels,appropriate clear distance value must be selected according to its change rules and actual topographic conditions, meanwhile, the influences of nonlinear failure criterion of soil materials and pore water must be completely considered. During the excavation process, supporting system should be intensified at the positions of larger burial depth or ground load to avoid collapses.展开更多
文摘利用线性弹簧斜向布置的几何非线性产生非线性恢复力,提出了引入非线性恢复力的水下涡激振动(VIV)发电系统.该系统通过单向轴承、齿轮齿条机构、增速箱和转子发电机,将钝体横向往复运动转变为发电机的单向旋转运动.建立了综合考虑流-固-电耦合的水下涡激振动发电系统动力学方程,利用非线性振动理论,获得了钝体非线性振动的静态平衡点分岔和不同稳态运动的区间,重点研究了PF-2SN和2PF-2SN两种静态分岔情况下钝体的非线性动力学行为,获得了不同流速下钝体振动的Poincaré映射、相图和幅频图,分析了钝体在单周期小幅运动、大幅混沌运动和准周期大幅运动等运动模式下的振动行为及运动规律,并计算了在钝体处于不同稳态运动时的发电机功率.结果表明:在PF-2SN分岔方式中,系统处于二稳态运动时的振动和发电具有明显优势,平均振幅比为2.18、发电功率最大值为24.45 W.而在2PF-2SN分岔方式中,系统处于三稳态运动时的振动和发电更具优势,平均振幅比为1.98、发电功率最大值为18.32 W.
基金Project(2013CB036004)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(51378510)supported by the NationalNatural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(CX2013B077)supported by Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate,China
文摘Based on nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, the analytical solutions of stability number and supporting force on twin shallow tunnels were derived using upper bound theorem of limit analysis. The optimized solutions were obtained by the technique of sequential quadratic programming. When nonlinear coefficient equals 1 and internal friction angle equals 0, the nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion degenerates into linear failure criterion. The calculated results of stability number in this work were compared with previous results, and the agreement verifies the effectiveness of the present method. Under the condition of nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, the results show that the supporting force on twin shallow tunnels obviously increases when the nonlinear coefficient, burial depth, ground load or pore water pressure coefficients increase. When the clear distance is 0.5to 1.0 times the diameter of tunnel, the supporting force of twin shallow tunnels reaches its maximum value, which means that the tunnels are the easiest to collapse. While the clear distance increases to 3.5 times the diameter of tunnel, the calculation for twin shallow tunnels can be carried out by the method for independent single shallow tunnel. Therefore, 3.5 times the diameter of tunnel serves as a critical value to determine whether twin shallow tunnels influence each other. In designing twin shallow tunnels,appropriate clear distance value must be selected according to its change rules and actual topographic conditions, meanwhile, the influences of nonlinear failure criterion of soil materials and pore water must be completely considered. During the excavation process, supporting system should be intensified at the positions of larger burial depth or ground load to avoid collapses.
