Photocatalysis has emerged as an effective approach to sustainably convert biomass into value-added products.CoSe_(2)is a promising nonprecious,efficient cocatalyst for photooxidation,which can facilitate the separati...Photocatalysis has emerged as an effective approach to sustainably convert biomass into value-added products.CoSe_(2)is a promising nonprecious,efficient cocatalyst for photooxidation,which can facilitate the separation of photogenerated electron–holes,increase the reaction rates,and enhance photocatalytic efficiency.In this work,we synthesized a stable and efficient photocatalysis system of CoSe_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)through attaching CoSe_(2)on g-C_(3)N_(4)sheets,with a yield of 50.12%for the selective photooxidation of xylose to xylonic acid.Under light illumination,the photogenerated electrons were prone to migrating from g-C_(3)N_(4)to CoSe_(2)due to the higher work function of CoSe_(2),resulting in the accelerated separation of photogenerated electron–holes and the promoted photooxidation.Herein,this study reveals the unique function of CoSe_(2),which can significantly promote oxygen adsorption,work as an electron sink and accelerate the generation of ·O_(2)^(-),thereby improving the selectivity toward xylonic acid over other by-products.This work provides useful insights into the design of selective photocatalysts by engineering g-C_(3)N_(4)for biomass high-value utilization.展开更多
Herein,we present the electrocatalytic four-electron hydrogenation of oxalic acid into glycolic acid using black TiO_(2)as an electrocatalyst.Oxalic acid is an abundant compound found in several sources of organic was...Herein,we present the electrocatalytic four-electron hydrogenation of oxalic acid into glycolic acid using black TiO_(2)as an electrocatalyst.Oxalic acid is an abundant compound found in several sources of organic waste.The results showed a high selectivity of black TiO_(2)toward glycolic acid,with the formation of glyoxylic acid being the rate-limiting step (glyoxylic acid is the two-electron intermediate).The highest Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 69.6%±8.3% was achieved at 10.2 mA cm^(-2)in 4 h of electrolysis using an H-type cell operated at room temperature,with 50.2%±3.8% of oxalic acid conversion (degradation kinetic constant k=0.0042±0.0001 min-1),58.8%±7.0%of reaction yield and 1.2±0.18 g L-1of glycolic acid production.A theoretical model of black TiO_(2)coming from anatase TiO_(2)was implemented by introducing Ti3+defects,which gave black TiO_(2)the theoretical capability to easily transform oxalic acid into glycolic acid as experimentally observed.The reaction mechanism was supported and described in detail by density functional theory calculations,which revealed that surface Ti^(3+)states were the main catalytic sites.This is the first time that a detailed step-by-step mechanism at the atomic level has been proposed for this electrocatalytic reaction,which represents a valuable contribution to the understanding of this process of high energy/environmental interest.This is also the first time that black TiO_(2)has been used as an electrocatalyst for this sustainable process.展开更多
In this study,the structural characters,antioxidant activities and bile acid-binding ability of sea buckthorn polysaccharides(HRPs)obtained by the commonly used hot water(HRP-W),pressurized hot water(HRP-H),ultrasonic...In this study,the structural characters,antioxidant activities and bile acid-binding ability of sea buckthorn polysaccharides(HRPs)obtained by the commonly used hot water(HRP-W),pressurized hot water(HRP-H),ultrasonic(HRP-U),acid(HRP-C)and alkali(HRP-A)assisted extraction methods were investigated.The results demonstrated that extraction methods had significant effects on extraction yield,monosaccharide composition,molecular weight,particle size,triple-helical structure,and surface morphology of HRPs except for the major linkage bands.Thermogravimetric analysis showed that HRP-U with filamentous reticular microstructure exhibited better thermal stability.The HRP-A with the lowest molecular weight and highest arabinose content possessed the best antioxidant activities.Moreover,the rheological analysis indicated that HRPs with higher galacturonic acid content and molecular weight showed higher viscosity and stronger crosslinking network(HRP-C,HRP-W and HRP-U),which exhibited stronger bile acid binding capacity.The present findings provide scientific evidence in the preparation technology of sea buckthorn polysaccharides with good antioxidant and bile acid binding capacity which are related to the structure affected by the extraction methods.展开更多
Akkermansia muciniphila play an important in ameliorating obesity but is not allowed for direct consumption in most countries.To date,microbiota-directed foods selectively promote the targeted human gut microbes,provi...Akkermansia muciniphila play an important in ameliorating obesity but is not allowed for direct consumption in most countries.To date,microbiota-directed foods selectively promote the targeted human gut microbes,providing a strategy for A.muciniphila enhancement.Multiple studies have indicated the potential regulation of the polyphenol on A.muciniphila.Therefore,a polyphenol screening based on A.muciniphila upregulation was performed in mice.Chlorogenic acid(CGA)exhibited a greater response to A.muciniphila upregulation.Furthermore,we found that CGA did not directly promote A.muciniphila growth or mucin secretion.Microbiome and metabolomics revealed that the increased abundance of A.muciniphila resulted from the inhibition of CGA on Desulfovibrio and Alistipes and the influence of docosahexaenoic acid,β-hydroxybutyrate,and N-acetyl-lactosamine.Finally,to confirm the regulation of CGA on A.muciniphila under disease conditions,high-fat diet-fed mice were established.The results showed CGA promoted A.muciniphila growth,and we expectedly found that CGA suppressed the augment in body weight of mice,significantly attenuated adipose tissue abnormality,provided liver protection and improved gut barrier integrity.These results suggest that CGA inhibits the development of obesity.Overall,our results indicate that microbiota-directed food is a promising approach for the treatment of obesity.展开更多
Elaidic acid(EA)stimulation can lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS),accompanied by a large release of Ca^(2+),and ultimately the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in Kupffer cells(KCs).Mitochondrial instability o...Elaidic acid(EA)stimulation can lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS),accompanied by a large release of Ca^(2+),and ultimately the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in Kupffer cells(KCs).Mitochondrial instability or dysfunction may be the key stimulating factors to activate NLRP3 inflammasome,and sustained Ca^(2+)transfer can result in mitochondrial dysfunction.We focused on KCs to explore the damage to mitochondria by EA.After EA stimulation,cells produced an oxidative stress(OS)response with a significant increase in ROS release.Immunoprecipitation experiments and the addition of inhibitors revealed that the increase in the level of intracellular Ca^(2+)led to Ca^(2+)accumulation in the mitochondrial matrix via mitochondria-associated membranes(MAMs).This was accompanied by a significant release of m ROS,loss of MMP and ATP,and a significant increase in mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening,ultimately leading to mitochondrial instability.These findings confirmed the mechanism that EA induced mitochondrial Ca^(2+)imbalance in KCs via MAM,ultimately leading to mitochondrial dysfunction.Meanwhile,EA induced OS and the decrease of MMP and ATP in rat liver,and significant lesions were found in liver mitochondria.Swelling of the inner mitochondrial cristae and mitochondrial vacuolization occurred,with a marked increase in lipid droplets.展开更多
α-Glucosidase inhibitors are effective in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia,which play crucial roles in the management of type 2 diabetes.Protocatechuic acid(PCA)is one of phenolic acids existing not only in var...α-Glucosidase inhibitors are effective in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia,which play crucial roles in the management of type 2 diabetes.Protocatechuic acid(PCA)is one of phenolic acids existing not only in various plant foods but also as a major microbial metabolite of dietary anthocyanins in the large colon.The present study investigated the inhibitory mechanism of PCA on a-glucosidase in vitro and examined its effect on postprandial blood glucose levels in vivo.Results from in vitro experiments demonstrated that PCA was a mix-type inhibitor of a-glucosidase.Driven by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions,PCA reversibly bound withα-glucosidase to form a stable a-glucosidase-PCA complex in a spontaneous manner.The computational simulation found that PCA could insert into the active cavity of a-glucosidase and establish hydrogen bonds with catalytic amino acid residues.PCA binding aroused the steric hindrance for substrates to enter active sites and caused the structural changes of interacted catalytic amino acid residues.PCA also exhibited postprandial hypoglycemic capacity in diabetic mice.This study may provide the theoretical basis for the application of PCA as an active ingredient of functional foods in dietary management of diabetes.展开更多
Mercury is a threatening pollutant in food,herein,we developed a Tb^(3+)-nucleic acid probe-based label-free assay for mix-and-read,rapid detection of mercury pollution.The assay utilized the feature of light-up fluor...Mercury is a threatening pollutant in food,herein,we developed a Tb^(3+)-nucleic acid probe-based label-free assay for mix-and-read,rapid detection of mercury pollution.The assay utilized the feature of light-up fluorescence of terbium ions(Tb^(3+))via binding with single-strand DNA.Mercury ion,Hg^(2+)induced thymine(T)-rich DNA strand to form a double-strand structure(T-Hg^(2+)-T),thus leading to fluorescence reduction.Based on the principle,Hg^(2+)can be quantified based on the fluorescence of Tb^(3+),the limit of detection was 0.0689μmol/L and the linear range was 0.1-6.0μmol/L.Due to the specificity of T-Hg^(2+)-T artificial base pair,the assay could distinguish Hg^(2+)from other metal ions.The recovery rate was ranged in 98.71%-101.34%for detecting mercury pollution in three food samples.The assay is low-cost,separation-free and mix-to-read,thus was a competitive tool for detection of mercury pollution to ensure food safety.展开更多
Implementing a new energy-saving electrochemical synthesis system with high commercial value is a strategy of the sustainable development for upgrading the bulk chemicals preparation technology in the future.Here,we r...Implementing a new energy-saving electrochemical synthesis system with high commercial value is a strategy of the sustainable development for upgrading the bulk chemicals preparation technology in the future.Here,we report a multiple redox-mediated linear paired electrolysis system,combining the hydrogen peroxide mediated cathode process with the I2 mediated anode process,and realize the conversion of furfural to furoic acid in both side of the dividedflow cell simultaneously.By reasonably controlling the cathode potential,the undesired water splitting reaction and furfural reduction side reactions are avoided.Under the galvanostatic electrolysis,the two-mediated electrode processes have good compatibility,which reduce the energy consumption by about 22%while improving the electronic efficiency by about 125%.This system provides a green electrochemical synthesis route with commercial prospects.展开更多
Ni-rich layered oxides are potential cathode materials for next-generation high energy density Li-ion batteries due to their high capacity and low cost.However,the inherently unstable surface properties,including high...Ni-rich layered oxides are potential cathode materials for next-generation high energy density Li-ion batteries due to their high capacity and low cost.However,the inherently unstable surface properties,including high levels of residual Li compounds,dissolution of transition metal cations,and parasitic side reactions,have not been effectively addressed,leading to significant degradation in their electrochemical performance.In this study,we propose a simple and effective lactic acid-assisted interface engineering strategy to regulate the surface chemistry and properties of Ni-rich LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mr_(0.1)O_(2) cathode.This novel surface treatment method successfully eliminates surface residual Li compounds,inhibits structural collapse,and mitigates cathode-electrolyte interface film growth.As a result,the lactic acidtreated LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) achieved a remarkable capacity retention of 91.7% after 100 cycles at 0.5 C(25℃) and outstanding rate capability of 149.5 mA h g^(-1) at 10 C,significantly outperforming the pristine material.Furthermore,a pouch-type full cell incorporating the modified LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) cathode demonstrates impressive long-term cycle life,retaining 81.5% of its capacity after 500 cycles at 1 C.More importantly,the thermal stability of the modified cathode is also dramatically improved.This study offers a valuable surface modification strategy for enhancing the overall performance of Ni-rich cathode materials.展开更多
The poor stability of RuO_(2)electrocatalysts has been the primary obstacles for their practical application in polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers.To dramatically enhance the durability of RuO_(2)to construct ...The poor stability of RuO_(2)electrocatalysts has been the primary obstacles for their practical application in polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers.To dramatically enhance the durability of RuO_(2)to construct activity-stability trade-off model is full of significance but challenging.Herein,a single atom Zn stabilized RuO_(2)with enriched oxygen vacancies(SA Zn-RuO_(2))is developed as a promising alternative to iridium oxide for acidic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Compared with commercial RuO_(2),the enhanced Ru–O bond strength of SA Zn-RuO_(2)by forming Zn-O-Ru local structure motif is favorable to stabilize surface Ru,while the electrons transferred from Zn single atoms to adjacent Ru atoms protects the Ru active sites from overoxidation.Simultaneously,the optimized surrounding electronic structure of Ru sites in SA ZnRuO_(2)decreases the adsorption energies of OER intermediates to reduce the reaction barrier.As a result,the representative SA Zn-RuO_(2)exhibits a low overpotential of 210 mV to achieve 10 mA cm^(-2)and a greatly enhanced durability than commercial RuO_(2).This work provides a promising dual-engineering strategy by coupling single atom doping and vacancy for the tradeoff of high activity and catalytic stability toward acidic OER.展开更多
The significant demand for high quality food has motivated us to adopt appropriate processing methods to improve the food nutritional quality and flavors.In this study,the effects of five drying methods,namely,pulsed ...The significant demand for high quality food has motivated us to adopt appropriate processing methods to improve the food nutritional quality and flavors.In this study,the effects of five drying methods,namely,pulsed vacuum drying(PVD),freeze drying(FD),infrared drying(IRD),hot-air drying(HAD)and sun drying(SD)on free amino acids(FAAs),α-dicarbonyl compounds(α-DCs)and volatile compounds(VOCs)in rape bee pollen(RBP)were determined.The results showed that FD significantly released the essential amino acids(EAAs)compared with fresh samples while SD caused the highest loss.Glucosone was the dominantα-DCs in RBP and the highest loss was observed after PVD.Aldehydes were the dominant volatiles of RBP and SD samples contained more new volatile substances(especially aldehydes)than the other four drying methods.Comprehensively,FD and PVD would be potential methods to effectively reduce the quality deterioration of RBP in the drying process.展开更多
Free amino acid(FAA)is the important component of vinegar that infl uences quality perception and consumer acceptance.FAA is one of the major metabolites produced by microorganisms;however,the microbial metabolic netw...Free amino acid(FAA)is the important component of vinegar that infl uences quality perception and consumer acceptance.FAA is one of the major metabolites produced by microorganisms;however,the microbial metabolic network on FAA biosynthesis remains unclear.Through metagenomic analysis,this work aimed to elucidate the roles of microbes in FAA biosynthesis during Monascus rice vinegar fermentation.Taxonomic profiles from functional analyses showed 14 dominant genera with high contributions to the metabolism pathways.The metabolic network for FAA biosynthesis was then constructed,and the microbial distribution in different metabolic pathways was illuminated.The results revealed that 5 functional genera were closely involved in FAA biosynthesis.This study illuminated the metabolic roles of microorganisms in FAA biosynthesis and provided crucial insights into the functional attributes of microbiota in vinegar fermentation.展开更多
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the major foodborne pathogenic bacterial that cause infectious diseases in humans.The previous found that a combination of kojic acid and tea polyphenols exhibited better activity ag...Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the major foodborne pathogenic bacterial that cause infectious diseases in humans.The previous found that a combination of kojic acid and tea polyphenols exhibited better activity against E.coli O157:H7 than using either alone.This study aimed to explore responses underlying the antibacterial mechanisms of kojic acid and tea polyphenols from the gene level.The functional enrichment analysis by comparing kojic acid and tea polyphenols individually or synergistically against E.coli O157:H7 found that acid resistance systems in kojic acid were activated,and the cell membrane and genomic DNA were destructed in the cells,resulting in“oxygen starvation”.The oxidative stress response triggered by tea polyphenols inhibited both sulfur uptake and the synthesis of ATP,which affected the bacteria's life metabolic process.Interestingly,we found that kojic acid combined with tea polyphenols hindered the uptake of iron that played an essential role in the synthesis of DNA,respiration,tricarboxylic acid cycle.The results suggested that the iron uptake pathways may represent a novel approach for kojic acid and tea polyphenols synergistically against E.coli O157:H7 and provided a theoretical basis for bacterial pathogen control in the food industry.展开更多
The effects of 5 lactic acid bacteria(LAB)fermentation on the pasting properties of glutinous rice flour were compared,and suitable fermentation strains were selected based on the changes of viscosity,setback value,an...The effects of 5 lactic acid bacteria(LAB)fermentation on the pasting properties of glutinous rice flour were compared,and suitable fermentation strains were selected based on the changes of viscosity,setback value,and breakdown value to prepare LAB compound starter cultures.The results revealed that Latilactobacillus sakei HSD004 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HSD005 had apparent advantages in increasing the viscosity and reducing the setback and breakdown values of glutinous rice flour.In particular,the compound starter created using the two abovementioned LAB in the ratio of 3:1 had better performance than that using a single LAB in improving the pasting properties and increasing the water and oil absorption capacity of glutinous rice flour.Moreover,the gelatinization enthalpy of the fermented samples increased significantly.For frozen glutinous rice dough stored for 28 days,the viscoelasticity of frozen dough prepared by compound starter was better than that of control dough,and the freezable water content was lower than that of control dough.These results indicate that compound LAB fermentation is a promising technology in the glutinous rice-based food processing industry,which has significance for its application.展开更多
Milk fat globule membrane(MFGM),which contains abundant glycoproteins and phospholipids,exerts beneficial effects on intestinal health and immunomodulation.The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects ...Milk fat globule membrane(MFGM),which contains abundant glycoproteins and phospholipids,exerts beneficial effects on intestinal health and immunomodulation.The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects and possible underlying mechanisms of MFGM on cow’s milk allergy(CMA)in aβ-lactoglobulin(BLG)-induced allergic mice model.MFGM was supplemented to allergic mice induced by BLG at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight.Results demonstrated that MFGM alleviated food allergy symptoms,decreased serum levels of lipopolysaccharide,pro-inflammatory cytokines,immunoglobulin(Ig)E,Ig G1,and Th2 cytokines including interleukin(IL)-4,while increased serum levels of Th1 cytokines including interferon-γand regulatory T cells(Tregs)cytokines including IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β.MFGM modulated gut microbiota and enhanced intestinal barrier of BLG-allergic mice,as evidenced by decreased relative abundance of Desulfobacterota,Rikenellaceae,Lachnospiraceae,and Desulfovibrionaceae,while increased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes,Lactobacillaceae and Muribaculaceae,and enhanced expressions of tight junction proteins including Occludin,Claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1.Furthermore,MFGM increased fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)levels,which elevated G protein-coupled receptor(GPR)43 and GPR109A expressions.The increased expressions of GPR43 and GPR109A induced CD103+dendritic cells accumulation and promoted Tregs differentiation in mesenteric lymph node to a certain extent.In summary,MFGM alleviated CMA in a BLG-induced allergic mice model through enhancing intestinal barrier and promoting Tregs differentiation,which may be correlated with SCFAs-mediated activation of GPRs.These findings suggest that MFGM may be useful as a promising functional ingredient against CMA.展开更多
The conversion of waste polylactic acid(PLA)plastics into high-value-added chemicals through electrochemical methods is a promising and sustainable approach.However,developing efficient and highly selective catalysts ...The conversion of waste polylactic acid(PLA)plastics into high-value-added chemicals through electrochemical methods is a promising and sustainable approach.However,developing efficient and highly selective catalysts for lactic acid oxidation reaction(LAOR)and understanding the reaction process are challenging.Here,we report the electrooxidation of waste PLA to acetate at a high current density of 100 mA cm-2 with high Faraday efficiency(~95%)and excellent stability(>100 h)over a nickel selenide nanosheet catalyst.In addition,a total Faraday efficiency of up to 190%was achieved for carboxylic acids,including acetic acid and formic acid,by coupling with the cathodic CO_(2) reduction reaction.In situ experimental results and theoretical simulations revealed that the catalytic activity center of LAOR was dynamically formed NiOOH species,and the surface-adsorbed SeO_(x) species accelerated the formation of Ni~(3+)species,thus promoting catalytic activity.The mechanism of lactic acid electrooxidation was further elucidated.Lactic acid was dehydrogenated to produce pyruvate first and then formed CH_3CO due to preferential C-C bond cleavage,resulting in the presence of acetate.This work demonstrated a sustainable method for recycling waste PLA and CO_(2) into high-value-added products.展开更多
The production of industrial chemicals with renewable biomass feedstock holds potential to aid the world in pursuing a carbon-neutral society.Trimellitic and trimesic acids are important commodity chemicals in industr...The production of industrial chemicals with renewable biomass feedstock holds potential to aid the world in pursuing a carbon-neutral society.Trimellitic and trimesic acids are important commodity chemicals in industry that are prepared by the oxidation of petroleum-derived trimethylbenzene.To reduce the dependence on the limited oil source,we develop a potential sustainable alternative towards trimellitic and trimesic acids using biomass-based 2-methyl-2,4-pentandiol(MPD),acrylate and crotonaldehyde as starting materials.The process for trimellitic acid includes dehydration/D-A reaction of MPD and acrylate,flow aromatization over Pd/C catalyst,hydrolysis and catalytic aerobic oxidation(60%overall yield).The challenging regioselectivity issue of D-A reaction is tackled by a matched combination of temperature and deep eutectic solvent ChCl/HCO_(2)H.Crotonaldehyde can also participate in the reaction,followed by Pd/C-catalyzed decarbonylation/dehydrogenation and oxidation to provide trimesic acid in 54%overall yield.Life cycle assessment implies that compared to conventional fossil process,our biomass-based routes present a potential in reducing carbon emissions.展开更多
Sonoluminescence is more distinctly observed in phosphoric and sulfuric acid,which exhibit high viscosity and lower vapor pressures relative to water.Within an 85-wt%phosphoric acid solution saturated with argon(Ar),v...Sonoluminescence is more distinctly observed in phosphoric and sulfuric acid,which exhibit high viscosity and lower vapor pressures relative to water.Within an 85-wt%phosphoric acid solution saturated with argon(Ar),variations in the light-emitting regimes of bubbles were noted to correspond with increments in the driving acoustic intensity.Specifically,the bubbles were observed to perform a dance-like motion 2 cm below the multi-bubble sonoluminescence(MBSL)cluster,traversing a 25-mm^(2) grid during the camera exposure period.Spectral analysis conducted at the beginning of the experiment showed a gradual attenuation of CN(B^(2)Σ–X^(2)Σ)emission concurrent with a strengthening of Ar(4p–4s)atom emission lines.The application of a theoretical temperature model to the spectral data revealed that the internal temperature of the bubbles escalates swiftly upon their implosion.This study is instrumental in advancing the comprehension of the underlying mechanisms of sonoluminescence and in the formulation of a dynamic model for the behavior of the bubbles.展开更多
As the climate crisis continues to escalate, there has been a growing emphasis on the development of electrode materials that are environmentally friendly and sustainable. Biomolecules, such as proteins,peptides, and ...As the climate crisis continues to escalate, there has been a growing emphasis on the development of electrode materials that are environmentally friendly and sustainable. Biomolecules, such as proteins,peptides, and amino acids, have emerged as promising alternatives to metal oxide and metal hydroxide-based energy storage systems. These biomolecules offer several advantages, such as high safety, non-toxicity, abundant raw material sources, and ease of device fabrication. In this review, we highlighted the recent advancements in amino acid, peptide, and protein-based materials for lithiumion batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. We delve into the synthetic strategies employed and their impact on factors such as active potential window, solubility in the electrolyte, and electrochemical performance. Our focus is on the development, composition, and performance of biomolecules, as well as the various approaches taken for their application in batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. Finally, we discuss key considerations that must be taken into account to promote the design, synthesis and development for future practical applications of lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells.展开更多
Liquid-phase acrylic acid hydration over solid-phase catalysts is a key reaction for the industrial productionof 3-hydroxypropionic acid. However, the relevant literature primarily focuses on the experimental aspects ...Liquid-phase acrylic acid hydration over solid-phase catalysts is a key reaction for the industrial productionof 3-hydroxypropionic acid. However, the relevant literature primarily focuses on the experimental aspects of catalystscreening and exploring reaction conditions, with few accurate descriptions of the reaction kinetics and determination ofthe reaction mechanism. Here, we combined kinetics experiments and theoretical calculations to elucidate the kinetics andmechanism of acrylic acid hydration on a resin catalyst. The pseudo-homogeneous model, and Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Haugen-Watson and Elie-Riedel (ER) heterogeneous models were used to explain the experimental kinetics data. TheER model can explain the experimental data very well, suggesting strong adsorption of acrylic acid on the surface of theresin catalyst. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations show that the hydration follows a stepwise, rather than aconcerted, reaction pathway. The present study provides theoretical insights into the reaction mechanism and kinetics, fillingthe gap in our understanding of the reaction on a fundamental level.展开更多
基金financial support by National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2023YFE0109600)Guangzhou Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2023B03J1330)+5 种基金National Program for Support of Topnotch Young Professionals(Grant No.x2qsA4210090)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2024A04J3413)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32201499)State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering(Grant Nos.2023PY01 and 202215)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2023A1515012519 and 2023B1515040013)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M732021).
文摘Photocatalysis has emerged as an effective approach to sustainably convert biomass into value-added products.CoSe_(2)is a promising nonprecious,efficient cocatalyst for photooxidation,which can facilitate the separation of photogenerated electron–holes,increase the reaction rates,and enhance photocatalytic efficiency.In this work,we synthesized a stable and efficient photocatalysis system of CoSe_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)through attaching CoSe_(2)on g-C_(3)N_(4)sheets,with a yield of 50.12%for the selective photooxidation of xylose to xylonic acid.Under light illumination,the photogenerated electrons were prone to migrating from g-C_(3)N_(4)to CoSe_(2)due to the higher work function of CoSe_(2),resulting in the accelerated separation of photogenerated electron–holes and the promoted photooxidation.Herein,this study reveals the unique function of CoSe_(2),which can significantly promote oxygen adsorption,work as an electron sink and accelerate the generation of ·O_(2)^(-),thereby improving the selectivity toward xylonic acid over other by-products.This work provides useful insights into the design of selective photocatalysts by engineering g-C_(3)N_(4)for biomass high-value utilization.
基金DGAPA (Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Acadé-mico) under Projects No. IA103521, IA209223 and IN111722Supercomputing Department of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México for the computing resources under Projects No. LANCAD-UNAM-DGTIC-427 and LANCAD-UNAM-DGTIC-370CONAHCYT-México for their postdoctoral fellowships。
文摘Herein,we present the electrocatalytic four-electron hydrogenation of oxalic acid into glycolic acid using black TiO_(2)as an electrocatalyst.Oxalic acid is an abundant compound found in several sources of organic waste.The results showed a high selectivity of black TiO_(2)toward glycolic acid,with the formation of glyoxylic acid being the rate-limiting step (glyoxylic acid is the two-electron intermediate).The highest Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 69.6%±8.3% was achieved at 10.2 mA cm^(-2)in 4 h of electrolysis using an H-type cell operated at room temperature,with 50.2%±3.8% of oxalic acid conversion (degradation kinetic constant k=0.0042±0.0001 min-1),58.8%±7.0%of reaction yield and 1.2±0.18 g L-1of glycolic acid production.A theoretical model of black TiO_(2)coming from anatase TiO_(2)was implemented by introducing Ti3+defects,which gave black TiO_(2)the theoretical capability to easily transform oxalic acid into glycolic acid as experimentally observed.The reaction mechanism was supported and described in detail by density functional theory calculations,which revealed that surface Ti^(3+)states were the main catalytic sites.This is the first time that a detailed step-by-step mechanism at the atomic level has been proposed for this electrocatalytic reaction,which represents a valuable contribution to the understanding of this process of high energy/environmental interest.This is also the first time that black TiO_(2)has been used as an electrocatalyst for this sustainable process.
基金The Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515010730)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001647)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972022)Financial and moral assistance supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515011996)111 Project(B17018)。
文摘In this study,the structural characters,antioxidant activities and bile acid-binding ability of sea buckthorn polysaccharides(HRPs)obtained by the commonly used hot water(HRP-W),pressurized hot water(HRP-H),ultrasonic(HRP-U),acid(HRP-C)and alkali(HRP-A)assisted extraction methods were investigated.The results demonstrated that extraction methods had significant effects on extraction yield,monosaccharide composition,molecular weight,particle size,triple-helical structure,and surface morphology of HRPs except for the major linkage bands.Thermogravimetric analysis showed that HRP-U with filamentous reticular microstructure exhibited better thermal stability.The HRP-A with the lowest molecular weight and highest arabinose content possessed the best antioxidant activities.Moreover,the rheological analysis indicated that HRPs with higher galacturonic acid content and molecular weight showed higher viscosity and stronger crosslinking network(HRP-C,HRP-W and HRP-U),which exhibited stronger bile acid binding capacity.The present findings provide scientific evidence in the preparation technology of sea buckthorn polysaccharides with good antioxidant and bile acid binding capacity which are related to the structure affected by the extraction methods.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province[BK20200084]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.32122067 and 32021005]the Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province。
文摘Akkermansia muciniphila play an important in ameliorating obesity but is not allowed for direct consumption in most countries.To date,microbiota-directed foods selectively promote the targeted human gut microbes,providing a strategy for A.muciniphila enhancement.Multiple studies have indicated the potential regulation of the polyphenol on A.muciniphila.Therefore,a polyphenol screening based on A.muciniphila upregulation was performed in mice.Chlorogenic acid(CGA)exhibited a greater response to A.muciniphila upregulation.Furthermore,we found that CGA did not directly promote A.muciniphila growth or mucin secretion.Microbiome and metabolomics revealed that the increased abundance of A.muciniphila resulted from the inhibition of CGA on Desulfovibrio and Alistipes and the influence of docosahexaenoic acid,β-hydroxybutyrate,and N-acetyl-lactosamine.Finally,to confirm the regulation of CGA on A.muciniphila under disease conditions,high-fat diet-fed mice were established.The results showed CGA promoted A.muciniphila growth,and we expectedly found that CGA suppressed the augment in body weight of mice,significantly attenuated adipose tissue abnormality,provided liver protection and improved gut barrier integrity.These results suggest that CGA inhibits the development of obesity.Overall,our results indicate that microbiota-directed food is a promising approach for the treatment of obesity.
基金supported by fund from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172322)。
文摘Elaidic acid(EA)stimulation can lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS),accompanied by a large release of Ca^(2+),and ultimately the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in Kupffer cells(KCs).Mitochondrial instability or dysfunction may be the key stimulating factors to activate NLRP3 inflammasome,and sustained Ca^(2+)transfer can result in mitochondrial dysfunction.We focused on KCs to explore the damage to mitochondria by EA.After EA stimulation,cells produced an oxidative stress(OS)response with a significant increase in ROS release.Immunoprecipitation experiments and the addition of inhibitors revealed that the increase in the level of intracellular Ca^(2+)led to Ca^(2+)accumulation in the mitochondrial matrix via mitochondria-associated membranes(MAMs).This was accompanied by a significant release of m ROS,loss of MMP and ATP,and a significant increase in mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening,ultimately leading to mitochondrial instability.These findings confirmed the mechanism that EA induced mitochondrial Ca^(2+)imbalance in KCs via MAM,ultimately leading to mitochondrial dysfunction.Meanwhile,EA induced OS and the decrease of MMP and ATP in rat liver,and significant lesions were found in liver mitochondria.Swelling of the inner mitochondrial cristae and mitochondrial vacuolization occurred,with a marked increase in lipid droplets.
基金supported by the General Research Fund of Hong Kong (14105820)。
文摘α-Glucosidase inhibitors are effective in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia,which play crucial roles in the management of type 2 diabetes.Protocatechuic acid(PCA)is one of phenolic acids existing not only in various plant foods but also as a major microbial metabolite of dietary anthocyanins in the large colon.The present study investigated the inhibitory mechanism of PCA on a-glucosidase in vitro and examined its effect on postprandial blood glucose levels in vivo.Results from in vitro experiments demonstrated that PCA was a mix-type inhibitor of a-glucosidase.Driven by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions,PCA reversibly bound withα-glucosidase to form a stable a-glucosidase-PCA complex in a spontaneous manner.The computational simulation found that PCA could insert into the active cavity of a-glucosidase and establish hydrogen bonds with catalytic amino acid residues.PCA binding aroused the steric hindrance for substrates to enter active sites and caused the structural changes of interacted catalytic amino acid residues.PCA also exhibited postprandial hypoglycemic capacity in diabetic mice.This study may provide the theoretical basis for the application of PCA as an active ingredient of functional foods in dietary management of diabetes.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22074100)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS20200036)+3 种基金the Researchers Supporting Project Number RSP-2021/138King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi ArabiaTechnological Innovation R&D Project of Chengdu City(2019-YF05-31702266-SN)Sichuan University-Panzhihua City joint Project(2020CDPZH-5)。
文摘Mercury is a threatening pollutant in food,herein,we developed a Tb^(3+)-nucleic acid probe-based label-free assay for mix-and-read,rapid detection of mercury pollution.The assay utilized the feature of light-up fluorescence of terbium ions(Tb^(3+))via binding with single-strand DNA.Mercury ion,Hg^(2+)induced thymine(T)-rich DNA strand to form a double-strand structure(T-Hg^(2+)-T),thus leading to fluorescence reduction.Based on the principle,Hg^(2+)can be quantified based on the fluorescence of Tb^(3+),the limit of detection was 0.0689μmol/L and the linear range was 0.1-6.0μmol/L.Due to the specificity of T-Hg^(2+)-T artificial base pair,the assay could distinguish Hg^(2+)from other metal ions.The recovery rate was ranged in 98.71%-101.34%for detecting mercury pollution in three food samples.The assay is low-cost,separation-free and mix-to-read,thus was a competitive tool for detection of mercury pollution to ensure food safety.
基金This study is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0307500).
文摘Implementing a new energy-saving electrochemical synthesis system with high commercial value is a strategy of the sustainable development for upgrading the bulk chemicals preparation technology in the future.Here,we report a multiple redox-mediated linear paired electrolysis system,combining the hydrogen peroxide mediated cathode process with the I2 mediated anode process,and realize the conversion of furfural to furoic acid in both side of the dividedflow cell simultaneously.By reasonably controlling the cathode potential,the undesired water splitting reaction and furfural reduction side reactions are avoided.Under the galvanostatic electrolysis,the two-mediated electrode processes have good compatibility,which reduce the energy consumption by about 22%while improving the electronic efficiency by about 125%.This system provides a green electrochemical synthesis route with commercial prospects.
基金This work was supported by the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2308085QB69)the Institute of Energy,Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center(Grant No.21KZS210).
文摘Ni-rich layered oxides are potential cathode materials for next-generation high energy density Li-ion batteries due to their high capacity and low cost.However,the inherently unstable surface properties,including high levels of residual Li compounds,dissolution of transition metal cations,and parasitic side reactions,have not been effectively addressed,leading to significant degradation in their electrochemical performance.In this study,we propose a simple and effective lactic acid-assisted interface engineering strategy to regulate the surface chemistry and properties of Ni-rich LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mr_(0.1)O_(2) cathode.This novel surface treatment method successfully eliminates surface residual Li compounds,inhibits structural collapse,and mitigates cathode-electrolyte interface film growth.As a result,the lactic acidtreated LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) achieved a remarkable capacity retention of 91.7% after 100 cycles at 0.5 C(25℃) and outstanding rate capability of 149.5 mA h g^(-1) at 10 C,significantly outperforming the pristine material.Furthermore,a pouch-type full cell incorporating the modified LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) cathode demonstrates impressive long-term cycle life,retaining 81.5% of its capacity after 500 cycles at 1 C.More importantly,the thermal stability of the modified cathode is also dramatically improved.This study offers a valuable surface modification strategy for enhancing the overall performance of Ni-rich cathode materials.
基金supported by the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province,China (tsqn202211162)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22102079)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (ZR2021YQ10,ZR2022QB163)。
文摘The poor stability of RuO_(2)electrocatalysts has been the primary obstacles for their practical application in polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers.To dramatically enhance the durability of RuO_(2)to construct activity-stability trade-off model is full of significance but challenging.Herein,a single atom Zn stabilized RuO_(2)with enriched oxygen vacancies(SA Zn-RuO_(2))is developed as a promising alternative to iridium oxide for acidic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Compared with commercial RuO_(2),the enhanced Ru–O bond strength of SA Zn-RuO_(2)by forming Zn-O-Ru local structure motif is favorable to stabilize surface Ru,while the electrons transferred from Zn single atoms to adjacent Ru atoms protects the Ru active sites from overoxidation.Simultaneously,the optimized surrounding electronic structure of Ru sites in SA ZnRuO_(2)decreases the adsorption energies of OER intermediates to reduce the reaction barrier.As a result,the representative SA Zn-RuO_(2)exhibits a low overpotential of 210 mV to achieve 10 mA cm^(-2)and a greatly enhanced durability than commercial RuO_(2).This work provides a promising dual-engineering strategy by coupling single atom doping and vacancy for the tradeoff of high activity and catalytic stability toward acidic OER.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31871861 and 31501548)The Apicultural Industry Technology System(NCYTI-43-KXJ17)The Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2015-IAR)。
文摘The significant demand for high quality food has motivated us to adopt appropriate processing methods to improve the food nutritional quality and flavors.In this study,the effects of five drying methods,namely,pulsed vacuum drying(PVD),freeze drying(FD),infrared drying(IRD),hot-air drying(HAD)and sun drying(SD)on free amino acids(FAAs),α-dicarbonyl compounds(α-DCs)and volatile compounds(VOCs)in rape bee pollen(RBP)were determined.The results showed that FD significantly released the essential amino acids(EAAs)compared with fresh samples while SD caused the highest loss.Glucosone was the dominantα-DCs in RBP and the highest loss was observed after PVD.Aldehydes were the dominant volatiles of RBP and SD samples contained more new volatile substances(especially aldehydes)than the other four drying methods.Comprehensively,FD and PVD would be potential methods to effectively reduce the quality deterioration of RBP in the drying process.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001728).
文摘Free amino acid(FAA)is the important component of vinegar that infl uences quality perception and consumer acceptance.FAA is one of the major metabolites produced by microorganisms;however,the microbial metabolic network on FAA biosynthesis remains unclear.Through metagenomic analysis,this work aimed to elucidate the roles of microbes in FAA biosynthesis during Monascus rice vinegar fermentation.Taxonomic profiles from functional analyses showed 14 dominant genera with high contributions to the metabolism pathways.The metabolic network for FAA biosynthesis was then constructed,and the microbial distribution in different metabolic pathways was illuminated.The results revealed that 5 functional genera were closely involved in FAA biosynthesis.This study illuminated the metabolic roles of microorganisms in FAA biosynthesis and provided crucial insights into the functional attributes of microbiota in vinegar fermentation.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972021)R&D Projects in Key Areas of Guangdong Province(2019B020212003)+4 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(202206010177)Guangdong key research and development program(2021B0202060001)Foshan and agricultural academy cooperation projectGuangdong Modern Agriculture project(2022KJ117)Aquatic Products Center Project of GAAS。
文摘Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the major foodborne pathogenic bacterial that cause infectious diseases in humans.The previous found that a combination of kojic acid and tea polyphenols exhibited better activity against E.coli O157:H7 than using either alone.This study aimed to explore responses underlying the antibacterial mechanisms of kojic acid and tea polyphenols from the gene level.The functional enrichment analysis by comparing kojic acid and tea polyphenols individually or synergistically against E.coli O157:H7 found that acid resistance systems in kojic acid were activated,and the cell membrane and genomic DNA were destructed in the cells,resulting in“oxygen starvation”.The oxidative stress response triggered by tea polyphenols inhibited both sulfur uptake and the synthesis of ATP,which affected the bacteria's life metabolic process.Interestingly,we found that kojic acid combined with tea polyphenols hindered the uptake of iron that played an essential role in the synthesis of DNA,respiration,tricarboxylic acid cycle.The results suggested that the iron uptake pathways may represent a novel approach for kojic acid and tea polyphenols synergistically against E.coli O157:H7 and provided a theoretical basis for bacterial pathogen control in the food industry.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD2100902-3)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072258)+5 种基金Major Science and Technology Program of Heilongjiang(2020ZX08B02)Harbin University of Commerce“Young Innovative Talents”Support Program(2019CX062020CX262020CX27)the Central Financial Support for the Development of Local Colleges and Universities,Graduate Innovation Research Project of Harbin University of Commerce(YJSCX2021-698HSD)Training plan of Young Innovative Talents in Universities of Heilongjiang(UNPYSCT-2020218).
文摘The effects of 5 lactic acid bacteria(LAB)fermentation on the pasting properties of glutinous rice flour were compared,and suitable fermentation strains were selected based on the changes of viscosity,setback value,and breakdown value to prepare LAB compound starter cultures.The results revealed that Latilactobacillus sakei HSD004 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HSD005 had apparent advantages in increasing the viscosity and reducing the setback and breakdown values of glutinous rice flour.In particular,the compound starter created using the two abovementioned LAB in the ratio of 3:1 had better performance than that using a single LAB in improving the pasting properties and increasing the water and oil absorption capacity of glutinous rice flour.Moreover,the gelatinization enthalpy of the fermented samples increased significantly.For frozen glutinous rice dough stored for 28 days,the viscoelasticity of frozen dough prepared by compound starter was better than that of control dough,and the freezable water content was lower than that of control dough.These results indicate that compound LAB fermentation is a promising technology in the glutinous rice-based food processing industry,which has significance for its application.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFC1605000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31871806)the Beijing Livestock Industry Innovation Team(BAIC05-2023)。
文摘Milk fat globule membrane(MFGM),which contains abundant glycoproteins and phospholipids,exerts beneficial effects on intestinal health and immunomodulation.The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects and possible underlying mechanisms of MFGM on cow’s milk allergy(CMA)in aβ-lactoglobulin(BLG)-induced allergic mice model.MFGM was supplemented to allergic mice induced by BLG at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight.Results demonstrated that MFGM alleviated food allergy symptoms,decreased serum levels of lipopolysaccharide,pro-inflammatory cytokines,immunoglobulin(Ig)E,Ig G1,and Th2 cytokines including interleukin(IL)-4,while increased serum levels of Th1 cytokines including interferon-γand regulatory T cells(Tregs)cytokines including IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β.MFGM modulated gut microbiota and enhanced intestinal barrier of BLG-allergic mice,as evidenced by decreased relative abundance of Desulfobacterota,Rikenellaceae,Lachnospiraceae,and Desulfovibrionaceae,while increased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes,Lactobacillaceae and Muribaculaceae,and enhanced expressions of tight junction proteins including Occludin,Claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1.Furthermore,MFGM increased fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)levels,which elevated G protein-coupled receptor(GPR)43 and GPR109A expressions.The increased expressions of GPR43 and GPR109A induced CD103+dendritic cells accumulation and promoted Tregs differentiation in mesenteric lymph node to a certain extent.In summary,MFGM alleviated CMA in a BLG-induced allergic mice model through enhancing intestinal barrier and promoting Tregs differentiation,which may be correlated with SCFAs-mediated activation of GPRs.These findings suggest that MFGM may be useful as a promising functional ingredient against CMA.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFA1501700)the National Science Foundation of China (22272114)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds from Sichuan University (2022SCUNL103)the Funding for Hundred Talent Program of Sichuan University (20822041E4079)the NSFC (22102018 and 52171201)the Huzhou Science and Technology Bureau (2022GZ45)the Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale (KF2021005)。
文摘The conversion of waste polylactic acid(PLA)plastics into high-value-added chemicals through electrochemical methods is a promising and sustainable approach.However,developing efficient and highly selective catalysts for lactic acid oxidation reaction(LAOR)and understanding the reaction process are challenging.Here,we report the electrooxidation of waste PLA to acetate at a high current density of 100 mA cm-2 with high Faraday efficiency(~95%)and excellent stability(>100 h)over a nickel selenide nanosheet catalyst.In addition,a total Faraday efficiency of up to 190%was achieved for carboxylic acids,including acetic acid and formic acid,by coupling with the cathodic CO_(2) reduction reaction.In situ experimental results and theoretical simulations revealed that the catalytic activity center of LAOR was dynamically formed NiOOH species,and the surface-adsorbed SeO_(x) species accelerated the formation of Ni~(3+)species,thus promoting catalytic activity.The mechanism of lactic acid electrooxidation was further elucidated.Lactic acid was dehydrogenated to produce pyruvate first and then formed CH_3CO due to preferential C-C bond cleavage,resulting in the presence of acetate.This work demonstrated a sustainable method for recycling waste PLA and CO_(2) into high-value-added products.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(no.2022YFA1504902,2022YFB4201802)National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.21721004,21801239,22178335,22078318),DICP(Grant:DICP I201944)the Joint Fund of the Yulin University and the Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(grant:YLU-DNL Fund 2021020).
文摘The production of industrial chemicals with renewable biomass feedstock holds potential to aid the world in pursuing a carbon-neutral society.Trimellitic and trimesic acids are important commodity chemicals in industry that are prepared by the oxidation of petroleum-derived trimethylbenzene.To reduce the dependence on the limited oil source,we develop a potential sustainable alternative towards trimellitic and trimesic acids using biomass-based 2-methyl-2,4-pentandiol(MPD),acrylate and crotonaldehyde as starting materials.The process for trimellitic acid includes dehydration/D-A reaction of MPD and acrylate,flow aromatization over Pd/C catalyst,hydrolysis and catalytic aerobic oxidation(60%overall yield).The challenging regioselectivity issue of D-A reaction is tackled by a matched combination of temperature and deep eutectic solvent ChCl/HCO_(2)H.Crotonaldehyde can also participate in the reaction,followed by Pd/C-catalyzed decarbonylation/dehydrogenation and oxidation to provide trimesic acid in 54%overall yield.Life cycle assessment implies that compared to conventional fossil process,our biomass-based routes present a potential in reducing carbon emissions.
基金Project supported by the Scientific Research Project of Higher Education in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China(Grant No.NJZY23100)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China(Grant No.2024FX30)the 14th Five Year Plan Project for Education Science in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China(Grant No.NGJGH2023205).
文摘Sonoluminescence is more distinctly observed in phosphoric and sulfuric acid,which exhibit high viscosity and lower vapor pressures relative to water.Within an 85-wt%phosphoric acid solution saturated with argon(Ar),variations in the light-emitting regimes of bubbles were noted to correspond with increments in the driving acoustic intensity.Specifically,the bubbles were observed to perform a dance-like motion 2 cm below the multi-bubble sonoluminescence(MBSL)cluster,traversing a 25-mm^(2) grid during the camera exposure period.Spectral analysis conducted at the beginning of the experiment showed a gradual attenuation of CN(B^(2)Σ–X^(2)Σ)emission concurrent with a strengthening of Ar(4p–4s)atom emission lines.The application of a theoretical temperature model to the spectral data revealed that the internal temperature of the bubbles escalates swiftly upon their implosion.This study is instrumental in advancing the comprehension of the underlying mechanisms of sonoluminescence and in the formulation of a dynamic model for the behavior of the bubbles.
基金financial support from The Director, CSIR-IICT (MS No. IICT/Pubs./2024/043) Hyderabad, IndiaUniversity Grant Commission (UGC) Faculty Research Program, New Delhi, India (F.4-5(50-FRP) (IV-Cycle)/2017(BSR)) for an award of Professorship。
文摘As the climate crisis continues to escalate, there has been a growing emphasis on the development of electrode materials that are environmentally friendly and sustainable. Biomolecules, such as proteins,peptides, and amino acids, have emerged as promising alternatives to metal oxide and metal hydroxide-based energy storage systems. These biomolecules offer several advantages, such as high safety, non-toxicity, abundant raw material sources, and ease of device fabrication. In this review, we highlighted the recent advancements in amino acid, peptide, and protein-based materials for lithiumion batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. We delve into the synthetic strategies employed and their impact on factors such as active potential window, solubility in the electrolyte, and electrochemical performance. Our focus is on the development, composition, and performance of biomolecules, as well as the various approaches taken for their application in batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. Finally, we discuss key considerations that must be taken into account to promote the design, synthesis and development for future practical applications of lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells.
文摘Liquid-phase acrylic acid hydration over solid-phase catalysts is a key reaction for the industrial productionof 3-hydroxypropionic acid. However, the relevant literature primarily focuses on the experimental aspects of catalystscreening and exploring reaction conditions, with few accurate descriptions of the reaction kinetics and determination ofthe reaction mechanism. Here, we combined kinetics experiments and theoretical calculations to elucidate the kinetics andmechanism of acrylic acid hydration on a resin catalyst. The pseudo-homogeneous model, and Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Haugen-Watson and Elie-Riedel (ER) heterogeneous models were used to explain the experimental kinetics data. TheER model can explain the experimental data very well, suggesting strong adsorption of acrylic acid on the surface of theresin catalyst. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations show that the hydration follows a stepwise, rather than aconcerted, reaction pathway. The present study provides theoretical insights into the reaction mechanism and kinetics, fillingthe gap in our understanding of the reaction on a fundamental level.
