Driven by rapid technological advancements and economic growth,mineral extraction and metal refining have increased dramatically,generating huge volumes of tailings and mine waste(TMWs).Investigating the morphological...Driven by rapid technological advancements and economic growth,mineral extraction and metal refining have increased dramatically,generating huge volumes of tailings and mine waste(TMWs).Investigating the morphological fractions of heavy metals and metalloids(HMMs)in TMWs is key to evaluating their leaching potential into the environment;however,traditional experiments are time-consuming and labor-intensive.In this study,10 machine learning(ML)algorithms were used and compared for rapidly predicting the morphological fractions of HMMs in TMWs.A dataset comprising 2376 data points was used,with mineral composition,elemental properties,and total concentration used as inputs and concentration of morphological fraction used as output.After grid search optimization,the extra tree model performed the best,achieving coefficient of determination(R2)of 0.946 and 0.942 on the validation and test sets,respectively.Electronegativity was found to have the greatest impact on the morphological fraction.The models’performance was enhanced by applying an ensemble method to the top three optimal ML models,including gradient boosting decision tree,extra trees and categorical boosting.Overall,the proposed framework can accurately predict the concentrations of different morphological fractions of HMMs in TMWs.This approach can minimize detection time,aid in the safe management and recovery of TMWs.展开更多
Background Understanding the mechanism of male sterility is crucial for producing hybrid seeds and developing sterile germplasm resources.However,only a few cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)lines of cotton have been pro...Background Understanding the mechanism of male sterility is crucial for producing hybrid seeds and developing sterile germplasm resources.However,only a few cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)lines of cotton have been produced due to several challenges,like inadequate variation of agronomic traits,incomplete sterility,weak resilience of restorer lines,and difficulty in combining strong dominance.Therefore,the morphological and cytological identification of CMS in cotton will facilitate hybrid breeding.Results Two F_(2) segregating populations of cotton were constructed from cytoplasmic male sterile lines(HaA and 01A,maternal)and restorer lines(HaR and 26R,paternal).Genetic analysis of these populations revealed a segregation ratio of 3:1 for fertile to sterile plants.Phenotypic analysis indicated no significant differences in traits of flower bud development between sterile and fertile plants.However,sterile plants exhibited smaller floral organs,shortened filament lengths,and anther atrophy on the flowering day in comparison with the fertile plants.When performed scanning electron microscopy(SEM),the two F_(2) populations revealed morphological variations in the anther epidermis.Cellular analysis showed no significant differences in pollen development before pollen maturation.Interestingly,between the pollen maturation and flowering stages,the tapetum layer of sterile plants degenerated prematurely,resulting in abnormal pollen grains and gradual pollen degradation.Conclusion The results of this study suggest that fertility-restoring genes are controlled by a single dominant gene.Sterile plants exhibit distinctive floral morphology,which is characterized by stamen atrophy and abnormal anthers.Pollen abortion occurs between pollen maturity and flowering,indicating that premature tapetum degradation may be the primary cause of pollen abortion.Overall,our study provides a theoretical basis for utilizing CMS in hybrid breeding and in-depth investigation of the dominant configuration of cotton hybrid combinations,mechanisms of sterility,and the role of sterile and restorer genes.展开更多
The Asiatic hybrid lily cultivar Lilium dazzling(family Liliaceae)is a perennial herbaceous bulbous plant with bright yellow flowers of ornamental values.It also shows resistance to diseases and abiotic stress,making ...The Asiatic hybrid lily cultivar Lilium dazzling(family Liliaceae)is a perennial herbaceous bulbous plant with bright yellow flowers of ornamental values.It also shows resistance to diseases and abiotic stress,making it an ideal parent for breeding studies.This study established a sterile culture system using scales of dazzling lily as explants to induce polyploidy.Adventitious buds growing to 1 cm were treated with different concentrations of colchicine(125,250 and 500μmol·L-1),pendimethalin or trifluralin(100,200 and 300μmol·L-1,respectively)for 12,24 and 36 h.Flow cytometry and chromosome counting were used to identify ploidy,and the phenotype of the polyploids was examined by stomatal observation and leaf index determination.With increasing mutagen concentration and exposure time,the mortality and mutagenic rate increased.The optimal treatment group was:300μmol·L-1 trifluralin for 12 h,which resulted in 15.55%mortality rate and 42.22%induction rate.The polyploid plants showed a significant increase in stomata length,leaf length and leaf width,with a decrease in stomatal density compared with the control plants.This study provided a basis for polyploid breeding.展开更多
An engine rubber mounting is one of the important parts of a vehicle. It is a function to isolate or absorb and to reduce vibration to the vehicle body thus to the passenger itself. Due to the engine compartments envi...An engine rubber mounting is one of the important parts of a vehicle. It is a function to isolate or absorb and to reduce vibration to the vehicle body thus to the passenger itself. Due to the engine compartments environment such as heat and massive vibration due to road conditions, the engine rubber mountings lifespan has been reduced. Thus several studies have been conducted to upgrade the material lifespan to make it more reliable and better engine mounting components. This paper presents the conceptual design of kenaf fiber polymer as automotive engine rubber mounting composites using the integration of Theory of Inventive Problem Solving(TRIZ). In this early stage, the solution is generated using 40 inventive principles and TRIZ contradiction method. The solution parameter for the specific design character is the selected using the morphological chart to develop a systematic conceptual design for the component. Four(4) innovative design concepts were produced and Analytic Network Process(ANP)methods were utilized to perform the multi-criteria decision-making process of selecting the best concept design for the polymer composite engine rubber mounting component.展开更多
Combining mathematical morphology (MM),nonparametric and nonlinear model,a novel approach for predicting slope displacement was developed to improve the prediction accuracy.A parallel-composed morphological filter wit...Combining mathematical morphology (MM),nonparametric and nonlinear model,a novel approach for predicting slope displacement was developed to improve the prediction accuracy.A parallel-composed morphological filter with multiple structure elements was designed to process measured displacement time series with adaptive multi-scale decoupling.Whereafter,functional-coefficient auto regressive (FAR) models were established for the random subsequences.Meanwhile,the trend subsequence was processed by least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) algorithm.Finally,extrapolation results obtained were superposed to get the ultimate prediction result.Case study and comparative analysis demonstrate that the presented method can optimize training samples and show a good nonlinear predicting performance with low risk of choosing wrong algorithms.Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the MM-FAR&LSSVM predicting results are as low as 1.670% and 0.172 mm,respectively,which means that the prediction accuracy are improved significantly.展开更多
Brazilian disc tests were undertaken on a number of red sandstone samples with different water absorption ratios.The tensile strength of the red sandstone decreases as the water absorption ratio increases.The fracture...Brazilian disc tests were undertaken on a number of red sandstone samples with different water absorption ratios.The tensile strength of the red sandstone decreases as the water absorption ratio increases.The fracture surfaces of failed red sandstone discs were scanned by Talysurf CLI 2000.With the aid of Talymap Gold software,based on ISO25178,a set of statistical parameters was obtained for the fracture surfaces.The maximum peak height(S_p),maximum pit height(S_v) and maximum height(S_z) of the fracture surfaces exhibited the same decreasing trend with increasing water absorption.Sa and Sku values for the fracture surfaces showed a downward trend as the water absorption ratio increased.The fractal dimensions of fracture surfaces were calculated and found to decrease as the water absorption ratio increased.Through analysis of PSD curves,the smallest dominant wavelength was observed to reflect the roughness of the fracture surfaces.Additionally,the results suggest that the roughness of fracture surfaces becomes small as the water absorption ratio increases.展开更多
To solve the problems that exist in the color morphological sieves, a new fuzzy color morphological sieve is proposed.The method adopts color fuzzy model to define extrema and selects more rational regional merging wa...To solve the problems that exist in the color morphological sieves, a new fuzzy color morphological sieve is proposed.The method adopts color fuzzy model to define extrema and selects more rational regional merging way to produce better results.It can deal with the maxima or the minima areas respectively and the approach is simple and agile in design.The color fuzzy model and the steps of the algorithm are discussed.The evaluation of the performance shows the new method can produce the best synthetical performance.展开更多
Osteoporosis and osteopenia are major health issues that mainly affect elderly people,women after menopause and immobilized patients.Our previous studies have proved that sclerostin antibody(Scl-Ab)can dramatically en...Osteoporosis and osteopenia are major health issues that mainly affect elderly people,women after menopause and immobilized patients.Our previous studies have proved that sclerostin antibody(Scl-Ab)can dramatically enhance bone formation and reduce bone resorption in a severe osteoporosis rat model with the combination of ovariectomy(OVX)and hindlimb immobilization(HLS).However,the mechanism in the cellular level is unclear.The objective of this study is to assess the effect of Scl-Ab on osteocytic morphology change in a combined OVX and HLS rat model via quantification of long-and short-axis and the ratio and osteocyte volume in midshaft cortical bone.Four-month-old virgin female SD rats were divided into 7 groups(n=11 per group):Sham+Veh,Sham+HLS+Veh,Sham+HLS+Scl-Ab,OVX+Veh,OVX+Scl-Ab,OVX+HLS+Veh,OVX+HLS+Scl-Ab.HLS was performed 2 weeks after sham or OVX surgery;and treatment was initiated at the time of HLS.Scl-Ab(25 mg/kg)or vehicle was subcutaneously injected twice per week for 5 weeks.Femurs were harvested at the end of study and embedded in PMMA and polished for SEM imaging.Cortical bone mid shaft osteocyte number per bone area was quantified under 1K magnification;the ratios between long axis and short axis of osteocytes were quantified under 2K magnification;osteocyte dendrite number and surface area were quantified under 5K magnification.Osteocyte dendrites width was quantified using 10K magnification.All the quantification was done by ImageJ.We have reported that multiple morphological and structural changes in osteocytes,including a decreased osteocyte density and reduced osteocyte dendrite number in HLS,OVX or the combination group and Scl-Ab’s ability to abolish these unfavorable alterations.We continued our SEM analysis on osteocytes and discovered that the oval shape of osteocyte under HLS,OVX or HLS+OVX has been distorted toward a spindle-like shape,with relatively longer long axis and shorter short axis,assuming osteocyte has a perfect spheroid shape.The ratio between long-and short-axis showed an increased trend in OVX and HLS condition,but Scl-Ab inhibited these increases(P<0.001,P<0.01,respectively).The volume decreased in HLS,OVX group,but Scl-Ab maintained osteocytes’volume in HLS condition(P<0.001).It indicates that cortical bone responds to HLS and/or OVX and Scl-Ab treatment via multiple cellular mechanisms,including density of osteocyte,dendrite number and osteocyte shape.The change of osteocyte shape may imply an altered cytoskeleton system within osteocyte and a subsequent disruption of mechanosensing ability for osteocyte,which lead to bone loss macroscopically.These data suggest Scl-Ab’s therapeutic potential could be related with its ability to maintain osteocyte’s morphologic and structural changes induced by OVX,HLS or both.展开更多
A total of 58 morphological characteristics were measured on flower-colour sport and original cultivar according to Disticness, Uniformity, Stability＇ （DUS） Test for New Plant Cultivar of Chrysanthemum published by...A total of 58 morphological characteristics were measured on flower-colour sport and original cultivar according to Disticness, Uniformity, Stability＇ （DUS） Test for New Plant Cultivar of Chrysanthemum published by Ministry of Agriculture of China The results showed that five characteristics such as the surface colour, the back color of ray floret among them were siginificantly different, their MS （mo by AFLP showed that rphological s GS （genetic imilarity） was 91.4%, and MD （morphological difference） was 8.62%. DNA polymorphic analysis similarity） was 98.6%, and GD （genetic polymorphic diversity） was 2.81%. Five distinct bands which may include the flower-colour sport genes or be the molecular marker linkaged flower-color characteristics were amplified.展开更多
To address the problem that dynamic wind turbine clutter(WTC)significantly degrades the performance of weather radar,a WTC mitigation algorithm using morphological component analysis(MCA)with group sparsity is studied...To address the problem that dynamic wind turbine clutter(WTC)significantly degrades the performance of weather radar,a WTC mitigation algorithm using morphological component analysis(MCA)with group sparsity is studied in this paper.The ground clutter is suppressed firstly to reduce the morphological compositions of radar echo.After that,the MCA algorithm is applied and the window used in the short-time Fourier transform(STFT)is optimized to lessen the spectrum leakage of WTC.Finally,the group sparsity structure of WTC in the STFT domain can be utilized to decrease the degrees of freedom in the solution,thus contributing to better estimation performance of weather signals.The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are demonstrated by numerical simulations.展开更多
Improvement of seed yield of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)is generally achieved by combining morphological and yield-related traits,such as plant height(PH),node number on main stem(NN),pod number per plant(NP),seed n...Improvement of seed yield of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)is generally achieved by combining morphological and yield-related traits,such as plant height(PH),node number on main stem(NN),pod number per plant(NP),seed number per plant(NS),100-seed weight(HSW)and seed weight per plant(SWPP).Identifying quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for morphological and yield-related traits is therefore important for breeding.In this study,a four-way recombinant inbred line population comprising 160 lines derived from the cross(Kenfeng14×Kenfeng15)×(Heinong48×Kenfeng19)was planted in five different environments and morphological and yield-related trait data were used to identify QTLs by the inclusive composite interval mapping method.Totally 38 QTLs for PH,40 QTLs for NN,26 QTLs for NP,10 QTLs for NS,26 QTLs for HSW and 49 QTLs for SWPP were detected in 125 genomic regions.Single QTLs explained 2.17%-14.60%,2.00%-10.04%,2.37%-9.77%,2.62%-8.61%,0.47%-6.51%and 0.14%-12.39%of the phenotypic variation for PH,NN,NP,NS,HSW and SWPP,respectively.Among these 125 genomic regions,120 were newly associated with morphological and yield-related traits.The results would facilitate the molecular breeding of morphological and yield-related traits in soybean.展开更多
Human depression patients often show abnormal pupillary reflex with morphological changes in hippo campus and prefrontal cortex. This study aimed to find the relationship between the prolonged pupillary light reflex ...Human depression patients often show abnormal pupillary reflex with morphological changes in hippo campus and prefrontal cortex. This study aimed to find the relationship between the prolonged pupillary light reflex （PLR） which had been shown by confined sows with chronic stress or depression and morphological changes in brain, in order to provide theoretical basis for that the confined environment should lead to sows＇ depression. A total of 637 sows of Durac, Landrace and Large White breeds with various parities were observed, and the pupil light reflex （PLR） was measured and the actual pupillary light reflex time （PLRT） were recorded. All the PLRTs were grouped based on the results of confidence interval： t〉10% as group A, 5% 〈t〈10% as group B, 1%〈t〈5% as group C and t〈l% as group D. Three individuals were randomly selected from each group （12 sows in total） and the white tissues of hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex were prepared for HS staining slices （three slices/per tissue） for observation on tissue structure and pathological changes with high magnification （400X） of electronic microscope. The results showed that in group A （t〉10%） pathological change was found in hippocampus, however, as PLRT increased from group B to group D, pathological changes in hippocampus tissues tended to be deteriorated with the increase of inflammatory cells and nuclear pyknosis phenomena. The same as those shown in hippocampus as the increasing of PLRT from groups A to D, more inflammatory cells appeared in prefrontal cortex for groups B and D. The results suggested that the tissue lesions of hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the confined sows with prolonged PLRT might be the results of chronic stress or depression.展开更多
Twenty one joints were made with Brazilian tests and each surface was scanned by the Talysurf CLI 2000. Morphological characteristics of joint surface were quantified by statistical and textural parameters. By the con...Twenty one joints were made with Brazilian tests and each surface was scanned by the Talysurf CLI 2000. Morphological characteristics of joint surface were quantified by statistical and textural parameters. By the contrast of these parameters between both sides of each coupled joint, the following conclusions are drawn. The upper and lower surfaces of coupled joints have approximately equal values of Sp（maximum height of joint surface）, Sa（arithmetic mean height of joint surface） and Sq（root mean square height of joint surface）, but the Ssk（skewness of the height distribution of joint surface） values of the two surfaces of a coupled joint are different, one is positive while the other is negative. The Saj（auto-correlation length） parameter values of both surfaces of each coupled joint are quite close, and the S^（texture aspect ratio） values have the same situation to the Sal parameter, but the same parameters of different surfaces have big differences which illustrates its own characteristics of each joint. The two surfaces of each coupled joint have similar values of θp （mean profile angle） which can be used to deduce the value of θp each other.展开更多
Background Plant pollen has diverse morphological characteristics that can be consistently passed down from generation to generation.Information on pollen morphology is thus immensely important for plant classificatio...Background Plant pollen has diverse morphological characteristics that can be consistently passed down from generation to generation.Information on pollen morphology is thus immensely important for plant classification and identification.In the genus Gossypium,however,in-depth research on pollen morphology is lacking,with only few reports on limited cotton species.To evaluate the diversity of pollen in Gossypium,we therefore conducted a comprehensive analysis of the pollen morphology of 33 cotton species and varieties using scanning electron microscopy.Results The 33 analyzed cotton samples exhibited common pollen morphological features,including spherical shapes,radial symmetry,echination,panporation,and operculation,while the pollen size,spine shape,spine density and length showed distinctive features.Pollen size varied significantly among species,with diameters ranging from62.43 μm in G.harknessii to 103.41 μm in G.barbadense.The exine had an echinate sculptural texture,and spines were mostly conical or sharply conical but occasionally rod-like.Spine density varied from 173 in G.incanum to 54 in G.gossypioides,while spine length ranged from 3.53 μm in G.herbaceum to 9.47 μm in G.barbadense.In addition,the 33cotton species and varieties were grouped at a genetic distance of 3.83 into three clusters.Cluster Ⅰ comprised five allotetraploid AD-genome cotton species,four D-genome species,and one K-genome species.Cluster Ⅱ included 13diploid species from A,B,D,E,and G genomes,whereas Cluster Ⅲ only consisted one E-genome species G.incanum.Conclusions Although pollen characteristics alone are not enough to resolve taxonomic and systematic relationships within the genus Gossypium,our results add to knowledge on palynomorphology and contribute to phenological information on these taxa.Our findings should aid future systematic and phylogenetic studies of the Gossypium genus.展开更多
The reaction of iron(Ⅲ)anions,FeCl 3 and Fe 2(SO 4)3 with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane(Tris)in a 1∶2 molar ratio affords the new coordination compounds NH 4[Fe 2(Tris)2(H 2O)4(SO 4)](Ⅰ)and NH 4[Fe(Tris)2(H 2O)2]...The reaction of iron(Ⅲ)anions,FeCl 3 and Fe 2(SO 4)3 with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane(Tris)in a 1∶2 molar ratio affords the new coordination compounds NH 4[Fe 2(Tris)2(H 2O)4(SO 4)](Ⅰ)and NH 4[Fe(Tris)2(H 2O)2](Ⅱ).These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis,and their molecular structures were determined by spectroscopic methods(infrared and electronic spectra),magnetic susceptibility,and molar conductivity measurements,and further corroborated by thermo gravimetric analysis and its differential(TGA/DrTGA).According to the experimental data,the complexes can be characterized in the solid state as mono-and binuclear,with a distorted octahedral stereochemistry.The distorted octahedral stereochemistry adopted by the complexes was confirmed by the magnetic susceptibility measurement of NH 4[Fe 2(Tris)2(H 2O)4(SO 4)],which consists of a six-coordinate iron atoms in a distorted octahedral environment constructed from four O atoms(two Tris molecules),two O atoms from the loosely associated SO 4 coordinated ligand,and O,N of second Tris molecule with occupying by four oxygen atoms of coordinated water molecules.Regarding,NH 4[Fe(Tris)2(H 2O)2]complex the mono iron atom is surrounded by six oxygen atoms as four by two Tris molecules and two coordinated water molecules in axial form.Antibacterial and anticancer activities of the complexes were studied and the complexes were screened against bacteria,colorectal adenocarcinoma(Caco-2)and breast cancer(Mcf-7)cell lines.展开更多
Stegolophodon is an age-informative genus of mammals that had a widespread distribution during the Neogene.This paper reports the discovery of Stegolophodon fossils from the Middle Miocene lower Fotan Formation at the...Stegolophodon is an age-informative genus of mammals that had a widespread distribution during the Neogene.This paper reports the discovery of Stegolophodon fossils from the Middle Miocene lower Fotan Formation at the Zhangpu locality,Fujian Province,China.This discovery represents the first evidence of Neogene proboscidean fossils in southeastern China.The newly found molar materials have low tooth crowns,very straight lophs/lophids,and an indistinct median sulcus.The mesoconelets and posterior cingulum are well-developed,while the second posterior pretrite central conule is significantly reduced.These specimens closely resemble Stegolophodon pseudolatidens in cheek tooth morphology,and can thus be attributed to the same species.This discovery fills a gap in the fossil record of large mammals in this region during the Neogene and provides valuable insights into the evolution of proboscideans and paleoenvironments.展开更多
The oligomerization of light olefins is considered a green production technology.Currently,the application of mordenite in isoamylene oligomerization faces two main challenges:low dimerization selectivity and poor sta...The oligomerization of light olefins is considered a green production technology.Currently,the application of mordenite in isoamylene oligomerization faces two main challenges:low dimerization selectivity and poor stability.In this work,a series of different SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3) ratio mordenite are synthesized by utilizing hexamethyleneimine(HMI)as the organic structure directing agent,and it turns out that the rod-like zeolite with the ratio of SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)=14 exhibits the higher dimerization selectivity.The incorporation of TPOAC optimizes the pore structure and acid site distribution of the rod-like zeolite,which enables the samples to not only exhibit a conversion rate of isoamylene over 88.30% within 12 h,while maintaining good dimerization selectivity.These findings provide a promising approach for improving the efficiency and sustainability of olefin oligomerization processes.展开更多
The preferential oxidation of CO(CO-PROX)reaction is a cost-effective method for eliminating trace amounts of CO from the fuel H2.Pt-based catalysts have been extensively studied for COPROX,with their activity influen...The preferential oxidation of CO(CO-PROX)reaction is a cost-effective method for eliminating trace amounts of CO from the fuel H2.Pt-based catalysts have been extensively studied for COPROX,with their activity influenced by the morphology of the support.Hydrothermal synthesis was employed to produce different morphologies ofγ-Al_(2)O_(3):flower-likeγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(f)exposing(110)crystal faces,sheet-likeγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(s)revealing(100)crystal faces,and rod-likeγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(r)displaying(111)crystal faces,followed by loading PtCo nanoparticles.The exposed crystal faces of the support impact the alloying degree of the PtCo nanoparticles,and an increase in the alloying degree correlates with enhanced catalyst reactivity.Pt_(3)Co intermetallic compounds were identified onγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(f)exposing(110)crystal faces,and PtCo/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)(f)showed high catalytic activity in the CO-PROX reaction,achieving 100%CO conversion across a broad temperature range of 50−225°C.In contrast,only partial alloying of PtCo was observed onγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(s).Furthermore,no alloying between Pt and Co occurred in PtCo/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)(r),resulting in a reaction rate at 50°C that was merely 11%of that of PtCo/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)(f).The formation of Pt3Co intermetallic compounds led to a more oxidized state of Pt,which significantly diminished the adsorption of CO on Pt and augmented the active oxygen species,thereby facilitating the selective oxidation of CO.展开更多
The East China Sea(ECS)off the Coast of Zhoushan Archipelago,Zhejiang(ECS-CZA)is home to abundant fishery resources and an important spawning,feeding,and nursing ground for a variety of fish species.Due to long-term o...The East China Sea(ECS)off the Coast of Zhoushan Archipelago,Zhejiang(ECS-CZA)is home to abundant fishery resources and an important spawning,feeding,and nursing ground for a variety of fish species.Due to long-term overfishing,the ichthyoplankton structure has been dramatically altered.Understanding the species composition and distribution of fish eggs and larvae is one of the most essential tasks to accurately regulate fishery resources and formulate effective management policies;however,little is known about the ichthyoplankton in this region.In this study,an integrated strategy of morphology identification(MI)and mitochondrial COI DNA barcoding was used to identify species of fish eggs and larvae collected from the ECSCZA.MI revealed 15 fish egg species belonging to 12 families and 12 fish larva species belonging to 12 families;in contrast,DNA barcoding altogether identified 30 species,including 18 fish egg species and 13 fish larva species.One species was shared between the egg and larva samples.Our study offers useful tools and critical scientific information for further understanding the diversity,distribution,and conservation management of various ichthyoplankton species in the marine environment.展开更多
As a typical sedimentary soft rock,mudstone has the characteristics of being easily softened and disintegrated under the effect of wetting and drying(WD).The first cycle of WD plays an important role in the entire WD ...As a typical sedimentary soft rock,mudstone has the characteristics of being easily softened and disintegrated under the effect of wetting and drying(WD).The first cycle of WD plays an important role in the entire WD cycles.X-ray micro-computed tomography(micro-CT)was used as a non-destructive tool to quantitatively analyze microstructural changes of the mudstone due to the first cycle of WD.The test results show that WD leads to an increase of pore volume and pore connectivity in the mudstone.The porosity and fractal dimension of each slice of mudstone not only increase in value,but also in fluctuation amplitude.The pattern of variation in the frequency distribution of the equivalent radii of connected,isolated pores and pore throats in mudstone under WD effect satisfies the Gaussian distribution.Under the effect of WD,pores and pore throats with relatively small sizes increase the most.The sphericity of the pores in mudstones is positively correlated with the pore radius.The WD effect transforms the originally angular and flat pores into round and regular pores.This paper can provide a reference for the study of the deterioration and catastrophic mechanisms of mudstone under wetting and drying cycles.展开更多
基金Project(2024JJ2074) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(22376221) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023QNRC001) supported by the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST,China。
文摘Driven by rapid technological advancements and economic growth,mineral extraction and metal refining have increased dramatically,generating huge volumes of tailings and mine waste(TMWs).Investigating the morphological fractions of heavy metals and metalloids(HMMs)in TMWs is key to evaluating their leaching potential into the environment;however,traditional experiments are time-consuming and labor-intensive.In this study,10 machine learning(ML)algorithms were used and compared for rapidly predicting the morphological fractions of HMMs in TMWs.A dataset comprising 2376 data points was used,with mineral composition,elemental properties,and total concentration used as inputs and concentration of morphological fraction used as output.After grid search optimization,the extra tree model performed the best,achieving coefficient of determination(R2)of 0.946 and 0.942 on the validation and test sets,respectively.Electronegativity was found to have the greatest impact on the morphological fraction.The models’performance was enhanced by applying an ensemble method to the top three optimal ML models,including gradient boosting decision tree,extra trees and categorical boosting.Overall,the proposed framework can accurately predict the concentrations of different morphological fractions of HMMs in TMWs.This approach can minimize detection time,aid in the safe management and recovery of TMWs.
基金supported by the Fund for the Biological Breeding-Major Projects in National Science and Technology(2023ZD04038)the Key Project for Agricultural Breakthrough in Core Technology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops(NYHXGG,2023AA102)the Key Project for Science and Technology Development of Shihezi city,Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops(2022NY01)。
文摘Background Understanding the mechanism of male sterility is crucial for producing hybrid seeds and developing sterile germplasm resources.However,only a few cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)lines of cotton have been produced due to several challenges,like inadequate variation of agronomic traits,incomplete sterility,weak resilience of restorer lines,and difficulty in combining strong dominance.Therefore,the morphological and cytological identification of CMS in cotton will facilitate hybrid breeding.Results Two F_(2) segregating populations of cotton were constructed from cytoplasmic male sterile lines(HaA and 01A,maternal)and restorer lines(HaR and 26R,paternal).Genetic analysis of these populations revealed a segregation ratio of 3:1 for fertile to sterile plants.Phenotypic analysis indicated no significant differences in traits of flower bud development between sterile and fertile plants.However,sterile plants exhibited smaller floral organs,shortened filament lengths,and anther atrophy on the flowering day in comparison with the fertile plants.When performed scanning electron microscopy(SEM),the two F_(2) populations revealed morphological variations in the anther epidermis.Cellular analysis showed no significant differences in pollen development before pollen maturation.Interestingly,between the pollen maturation and flowering stages,the tapetum layer of sterile plants degenerated prematurely,resulting in abnormal pollen grains and gradual pollen degradation.Conclusion The results of this study suggest that fertility-restoring genes are controlled by a single dominant gene.Sterile plants exhibit distinctive floral morphology,which is characterized by stamen atrophy and abnormal anthers.Pollen abortion occurs between pollen maturity and flowering,indicating that premature tapetum degradation may be the primary cause of pollen abortion.Overall,our study provides a theoretical basis for utilizing CMS in hybrid breeding and in-depth investigation of the dominant configuration of cotton hybrid combinations,mechanisms of sterility,and the role of sterile and restorer genes.
文摘The Asiatic hybrid lily cultivar Lilium dazzling(family Liliaceae)is a perennial herbaceous bulbous plant with bright yellow flowers of ornamental values.It also shows resistance to diseases and abiotic stress,making it an ideal parent for breeding studies.This study established a sterile culture system using scales of dazzling lily as explants to induce polyploidy.Adventitious buds growing to 1 cm were treated with different concentrations of colchicine(125,250 and 500μmol·L-1),pendimethalin or trifluralin(100,200 and 300μmol·L-1,respectively)for 12,24 and 36 h.Flow cytometry and chromosome counting were used to identify ploidy,and the phenotype of the polyploids was examined by stomatal observation and leaf index determination.With increasing mutagen concentration and exposure time,the mortality and mutagenic rate increased.The optimal treatment group was:300μmol·L-1 trifluralin for 12 h,which resulted in 15.55%mortality rate and 42.22%induction rate.The polyploid plants showed a significant increase in stomata length,leaf length and leaf width,with a decrease in stomatal density compared with the control plants.This study provided a basis for polyploid breeding.
基金Universiti Kuala Lumpurthe Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia for providing the scholarship award and financially support through UniKL Grant Scheme(STRG 15144)to the principal author in this projectHiCOE grant(6369107)from Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia
文摘An engine rubber mounting is one of the important parts of a vehicle. It is a function to isolate or absorb and to reduce vibration to the vehicle body thus to the passenger itself. Due to the engine compartments environment such as heat and massive vibration due to road conditions, the engine rubber mountings lifespan has been reduced. Thus several studies have been conducted to upgrade the material lifespan to make it more reliable and better engine mounting components. This paper presents the conceptual design of kenaf fiber polymer as automotive engine rubber mounting composites using the integration of Theory of Inventive Problem Solving(TRIZ). In this early stage, the solution is generated using 40 inventive principles and TRIZ contradiction method. The solution parameter for the specific design character is the selected using the morphological chart to develop a systematic conceptual design for the component. Four(4) innovative design concepts were produced and Analytic Network Process(ANP)methods were utilized to perform the multi-criteria decision-making process of selecting the best concept design for the polymer composite engine rubber mounting component.
基金Project(20090162120084)supported by Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of ChinaProject(08JJ4014)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘Combining mathematical morphology (MM),nonparametric and nonlinear model,a novel approach for predicting slope displacement was developed to improve the prediction accuracy.A parallel-composed morphological filter with multiple structure elements was designed to process measured displacement time series with adaptive multi-scale decoupling.Whereafter,functional-coefficient auto regressive (FAR) models were established for the random subsequences.Meanwhile,the trend subsequence was processed by least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) algorithm.Finally,extrapolation results obtained were superposed to get the ultimate prediction result.Case study and comparative analysis demonstrate that the presented method can optimize training samples and show a good nonlinear predicting performance with low risk of choosing wrong algorithms.Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the MM-FAR&LSSVM predicting results are as low as 1.670% and 0.172 mm,respectively,which means that the prediction accuracy are improved significantly.
基金Project(E21527)supported by Open Research Fund Program of Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resource Utilization,Hunan University of Science and Technology,ChinaProjects(51174088,51174228)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(2013CB035401)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(2015zzts077)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘Brazilian disc tests were undertaken on a number of red sandstone samples with different water absorption ratios.The tensile strength of the red sandstone decreases as the water absorption ratio increases.The fracture surfaces of failed red sandstone discs were scanned by Talysurf CLI 2000.With the aid of Talymap Gold software,based on ISO25178,a set of statistical parameters was obtained for the fracture surfaces.The maximum peak height(S_p),maximum pit height(S_v) and maximum height(S_z) of the fracture surfaces exhibited the same decreasing trend with increasing water absorption.Sa and Sku values for the fracture surfaces showed a downward trend as the water absorption ratio increased.The fractal dimensions of fracture surfaces were calculated and found to decrease as the water absorption ratio increased.Through analysis of PSD curves,the smallest dominant wavelength was observed to reflect the roughness of the fracture surfaces.Additionally,the results suggest that the roughness of fracture surfaces becomes small as the water absorption ratio increases.
基金supported by the Provincial Youth Scientist Fund (2005BS01001)the Provincial Natural Science Fund (Z2006G10)the Scientific Research Foundation for Advanced Talents of Huaihai Institute of Technology
文摘To solve the problems that exist in the color morphological sieves, a new fuzzy color morphological sieve is proposed.The method adopts color fuzzy model to define extrema and selects more rational regional merging way to produce better results.It can deal with the maxima or the minima areas respectively and the approach is simple and agile in design.The color fuzzy model and the steps of the algorithm are discussed.The evaluation of the performance shows the new method can produce the best synthetical performance.
文摘Osteoporosis and osteopenia are major health issues that mainly affect elderly people,women after menopause and immobilized patients.Our previous studies have proved that sclerostin antibody(Scl-Ab)can dramatically enhance bone formation and reduce bone resorption in a severe osteoporosis rat model with the combination of ovariectomy(OVX)and hindlimb immobilization(HLS).However,the mechanism in the cellular level is unclear.The objective of this study is to assess the effect of Scl-Ab on osteocytic morphology change in a combined OVX and HLS rat model via quantification of long-and short-axis and the ratio and osteocyte volume in midshaft cortical bone.Four-month-old virgin female SD rats were divided into 7 groups(n=11 per group):Sham+Veh,Sham+HLS+Veh,Sham+HLS+Scl-Ab,OVX+Veh,OVX+Scl-Ab,OVX+HLS+Veh,OVX+HLS+Scl-Ab.HLS was performed 2 weeks after sham or OVX surgery;and treatment was initiated at the time of HLS.Scl-Ab(25 mg/kg)or vehicle was subcutaneously injected twice per week for 5 weeks.Femurs were harvested at the end of study and embedded in PMMA and polished for SEM imaging.Cortical bone mid shaft osteocyte number per bone area was quantified under 1K magnification;the ratios between long axis and short axis of osteocytes were quantified under 2K magnification;osteocyte dendrite number and surface area were quantified under 5K magnification.Osteocyte dendrites width was quantified using 10K magnification.All the quantification was done by ImageJ.We have reported that multiple morphological and structural changes in osteocytes,including a decreased osteocyte density and reduced osteocyte dendrite number in HLS,OVX or the combination group and Scl-Ab’s ability to abolish these unfavorable alterations.We continued our SEM analysis on osteocytes and discovered that the oval shape of osteocyte under HLS,OVX or HLS+OVX has been distorted toward a spindle-like shape,with relatively longer long axis and shorter short axis,assuming osteocyte has a perfect spheroid shape.The ratio between long-and short-axis showed an increased trend in OVX and HLS condition,but Scl-Ab inhibited these increases(P<0.001,P<0.01,respectively).The volume decreased in HLS,OVX group,but Scl-Ab maintained osteocytes’volume in HLS condition(P<0.001).It indicates that cortical bone responds to HLS and/or OVX and Scl-Ab treatment via multiple cellular mechanisms,including density of osteocyte,dendrite number and osteocyte shape.The change of osteocyte shape may imply an altered cytoskeleton system within osteocyte and a subsequent disruption of mechanosensing ability for osteocyte,which lead to bone loss macroscopically.These data suggest Scl-Ab’s therapeutic potential could be related with its ability to maintain osteocyte’s morphologic and structural changes induced by OVX,HLS or both.
文摘A total of 58 morphological characteristics were measured on flower-colour sport and original cultivar according to Disticness, Uniformity, Stability＇ （DUS） Test for New Plant Cultivar of Chrysanthemum published by Ministry of Agriculture of China The results showed that five characteristics such as the surface colour, the back color of ray floret among them were siginificantly different, their MS （mo by AFLP showed that rphological s GS （genetic imilarity） was 91.4%, and MD （morphological difference） was 8.62%. DNA polymorphic analysis similarity） was 98.6%, and GD （genetic polymorphic diversity） was 2.81%. Five distinct bands which may include the flower-colour sport genes or be the molecular marker linkaged flower-color characteristics were amplified.
文摘To address the problem that dynamic wind turbine clutter(WTC)significantly degrades the performance of weather radar,a WTC mitigation algorithm using morphological component analysis(MCA)with group sparsity is studied in this paper.The ground clutter is suppressed firstly to reduce the morphological compositions of radar echo.After that,the MCA algorithm is applied and the window used in the short-time Fourier transform(STFT)is optimized to lessen the spectrum leakage of WTC.Finally,the group sparsity structure of WTC in the STFT domain can be utilized to decrease the degrees of freedom in the solution,thus contributing to better estimation performance of weather signals.The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are demonstrated by numerical simulations.
基金Supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Heilongjiang Province(GA21B009-06)。
文摘Improvement of seed yield of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)is generally achieved by combining morphological and yield-related traits,such as plant height(PH),node number on main stem(NN),pod number per plant(NP),seed number per plant(NS),100-seed weight(HSW)and seed weight per plant(SWPP).Identifying quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for morphological and yield-related traits is therefore important for breeding.In this study,a four-way recombinant inbred line population comprising 160 lines derived from the cross(Kenfeng14×Kenfeng15)×(Heinong48×Kenfeng19)was planted in five different environments and morphological and yield-related trait data were used to identify QTLs by the inclusive composite interval mapping method.Totally 38 QTLs for PH,40 QTLs for NN,26 QTLs for NP,10 QTLs for NS,26 QTLs for HSW and 49 QTLs for SWPP were detected in 125 genomic regions.Single QTLs explained 2.17%-14.60%,2.00%-10.04%,2.37%-9.77%,2.62%-8.61%,0.47%-6.51%and 0.14%-12.39%of the phenotypic variation for PH,NN,NP,NS,HSW and SWPP,respectively.Among these 125 genomic regions,120 were newly associated with morphological and yield-related traits.The results would facilitate the molecular breeding of morphological and yield-related traits in soybean.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,31472131/C170109,31201834/C170109)Scientific Research Foundation for Doctorship of Northeast Agricultural University(2010RCB37)
文摘Human depression patients often show abnormal pupillary reflex with morphological changes in hippo campus and prefrontal cortex. This study aimed to find the relationship between the prolonged pupillary light reflex （PLR） which had been shown by confined sows with chronic stress or depression and morphological changes in brain, in order to provide theoretical basis for that the confined environment should lead to sows＇ depression. A total of 637 sows of Durac, Landrace and Large White breeds with various parities were observed, and the pupil light reflex （PLR） was measured and the actual pupillary light reflex time （PLRT） were recorded. All the PLRTs were grouped based on the results of confidence interval： t〉10% as group A, 5% 〈t〈10% as group B, 1%〈t〈5% as group C and t〈l% as group D. Three individuals were randomly selected from each group （12 sows in total） and the white tissues of hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex were prepared for HS staining slices （three slices/per tissue） for observation on tissue structure and pathological changes with high magnification （400X） of electronic microscope. The results showed that in group A （t〉10%） pathological change was found in hippocampus, however, as PLRT increased from group B to group D, pathological changes in hippocampus tissues tended to be deteriorated with the increase of inflammatory cells and nuclear pyknosis phenomena. The same as those shown in hippocampus as the increasing of PLRT from groups A to D, more inflammatory cells appeared in prefrontal cortex for groups B and D. The results suggested that the tissue lesions of hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the confined sows with prolonged PLRT might be the results of chronic stress or depression.
基金Project(51174228) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2011ssxt275) supported by the Graduate Students’Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University,ChinaProject(11MX22) supported by the Central South University Students’ Innovation Foundation of the Mittal Company,China
文摘Twenty one joints were made with Brazilian tests and each surface was scanned by the Talysurf CLI 2000. Morphological characteristics of joint surface were quantified by statistical and textural parameters. By the contrast of these parameters between both sides of each coupled joint, the following conclusions are drawn. The upper and lower surfaces of coupled joints have approximately equal values of Sp（maximum height of joint surface）, Sa（arithmetic mean height of joint surface） and Sq（root mean square height of joint surface）, but the Ssk（skewness of the height distribution of joint surface） values of the two surfaces of a coupled joint are different, one is positive while the other is negative. The Saj（auto-correlation length） parameter values of both surfaces of each coupled joint are quite close, and the S^（texture aspect ratio） values have the same situation to the Sal parameter, but the same parameters of different surfaces have big differences which illustrates its own characteristics of each joint. The two surfaces of each coupled joint have similar values of θp （mean profile angle） which can be used to deduce the value of θp each other.
基金This research was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072023)the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(SCKJ-JYRC-2022-88).
文摘Background Plant pollen has diverse morphological characteristics that can be consistently passed down from generation to generation.Information on pollen morphology is thus immensely important for plant classification and identification.In the genus Gossypium,however,in-depth research on pollen morphology is lacking,with only few reports on limited cotton species.To evaluate the diversity of pollen in Gossypium,we therefore conducted a comprehensive analysis of the pollen morphology of 33 cotton species and varieties using scanning electron microscopy.Results The 33 analyzed cotton samples exhibited common pollen morphological features,including spherical shapes,radial symmetry,echination,panporation,and operculation,while the pollen size,spine shape,spine density and length showed distinctive features.Pollen size varied significantly among species,with diameters ranging from62.43 μm in G.harknessii to 103.41 μm in G.barbadense.The exine had an echinate sculptural texture,and spines were mostly conical or sharply conical but occasionally rod-like.Spine density varied from 173 in G.incanum to 54 in G.gossypioides,while spine length ranged from 3.53 μm in G.herbaceum to 9.47 μm in G.barbadense.In addition,the 33cotton species and varieties were grouped at a genetic distance of 3.83 into three clusters.Cluster Ⅰ comprised five allotetraploid AD-genome cotton species,four D-genome species,and one K-genome species.Cluster Ⅱ included 13diploid species from A,B,D,E,and G genomes,whereas Cluster Ⅲ only consisted one E-genome species G.incanum.Conclusions Although pollen characteristics alone are not enough to resolve taxonomic and systematic relationships within the genus Gossypium,our results add to knowledge on palynomorphology and contribute to phenological information on these taxa.Our findings should aid future systematic and phylogenetic studies of the Gossypium genus.
基金The Deanship of Scientific Research at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,through the Research Groups Program(RGP-1440-0001)(2)。
文摘The reaction of iron(Ⅲ)anions,FeCl 3 and Fe 2(SO 4)3 with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane(Tris)in a 1∶2 molar ratio affords the new coordination compounds NH 4[Fe 2(Tris)2(H 2O)4(SO 4)](Ⅰ)and NH 4[Fe(Tris)2(H 2O)2](Ⅱ).These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis,and their molecular structures were determined by spectroscopic methods(infrared and electronic spectra),magnetic susceptibility,and molar conductivity measurements,and further corroborated by thermo gravimetric analysis and its differential(TGA/DrTGA).According to the experimental data,the complexes can be characterized in the solid state as mono-and binuclear,with a distorted octahedral stereochemistry.The distorted octahedral stereochemistry adopted by the complexes was confirmed by the magnetic susceptibility measurement of NH 4[Fe 2(Tris)2(H 2O)4(SO 4)],which consists of a six-coordinate iron atoms in a distorted octahedral environment constructed from four O atoms(two Tris molecules),two O atoms from the loosely associated SO 4 coordinated ligand,and O,N of second Tris molecule with occupying by four oxygen atoms of coordinated water molecules.Regarding,NH 4[Fe(Tris)2(H 2O)2]complex the mono iron atom is surrounded by six oxygen atoms as four by two Tris molecules and two coordinated water molecules in axial form.Antibacterial and anticancer activities of the complexes were studied and the complexes were screened against bacteria,colorectal adenocarcinoma(Caco-2)and breast cancer(Mcf-7)cell lines.
文摘Stegolophodon is an age-informative genus of mammals that had a widespread distribution during the Neogene.This paper reports the discovery of Stegolophodon fossils from the Middle Miocene lower Fotan Formation at the Zhangpu locality,Fujian Province,China.This discovery represents the first evidence of Neogene proboscidean fossils in southeastern China.The newly found molar materials have low tooth crowns,very straight lophs/lophids,and an indistinct median sulcus.The mesoconelets and posterior cingulum are well-developed,while the second posterior pretrite central conule is significantly reduced.These specimens closely resemble Stegolophodon pseudolatidens in cheek tooth morphology,and can thus be attributed to the same species.This discovery fills a gap in the fossil record of large mammals in this region during the Neogene and provides valuable insights into the evolution of proboscideans and paleoenvironments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776505)。
文摘The oligomerization of light olefins is considered a green production technology.Currently,the application of mordenite in isoamylene oligomerization faces two main challenges:low dimerization selectivity and poor stability.In this work,a series of different SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3) ratio mordenite are synthesized by utilizing hexamethyleneimine(HMI)as the organic structure directing agent,and it turns out that the rod-like zeolite with the ratio of SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)=14 exhibits the higher dimerization selectivity.The incorporation of TPOAC optimizes the pore structure and acid site distribution of the rod-like zeolite,which enables the samples to not only exhibit a conversion rate of isoamylene over 88.30% within 12 h,while maintaining good dimerization selectivity.These findings provide a promising approach for improving the efficiency and sustainability of olefin oligomerization processes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22376063,21976057)the Fund of the National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology(NELMS2020A05)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘The preferential oxidation of CO(CO-PROX)reaction is a cost-effective method for eliminating trace amounts of CO from the fuel H2.Pt-based catalysts have been extensively studied for COPROX,with their activity influenced by the morphology of the support.Hydrothermal synthesis was employed to produce different morphologies ofγ-Al_(2)O_(3):flower-likeγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(f)exposing(110)crystal faces,sheet-likeγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(s)revealing(100)crystal faces,and rod-likeγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(r)displaying(111)crystal faces,followed by loading PtCo nanoparticles.The exposed crystal faces of the support impact the alloying degree of the PtCo nanoparticles,and an increase in the alloying degree correlates with enhanced catalyst reactivity.Pt_(3)Co intermetallic compounds were identified onγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(f)exposing(110)crystal faces,and PtCo/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)(f)showed high catalytic activity in the CO-PROX reaction,achieving 100%CO conversion across a broad temperature range of 50−225°C.In contrast,only partial alloying of PtCo was observed onγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(s).Furthermore,no alloying between Pt and Co occurred in PtCo/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)(r),resulting in a reaction rate at 50°C that was merely 11%of that of PtCo/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)(f).The formation of Pt3Co intermetallic compounds led to a more oxidized state of Pt,which significantly diminished the adsorption of CO on Pt and augmented the active oxygen species,thereby facilitating the selective oxidation of CO.
文摘The East China Sea(ECS)off the Coast of Zhoushan Archipelago,Zhejiang(ECS-CZA)is home to abundant fishery resources and an important spawning,feeding,and nursing ground for a variety of fish species.Due to long-term overfishing,the ichthyoplankton structure has been dramatically altered.Understanding the species composition and distribution of fish eggs and larvae is one of the most essential tasks to accurately regulate fishery resources and formulate effective management policies;however,little is known about the ichthyoplankton in this region.In this study,an integrated strategy of morphology identification(MI)and mitochondrial COI DNA barcoding was used to identify species of fish eggs and larvae collected from the ECSCZA.MI revealed 15 fish egg species belonging to 12 families and 12 fish larva species belonging to 12 families;in contrast,DNA barcoding altogether identified 30 species,including 18 fish egg species and 13 fish larva species.One species was shared between the egg and larva samples.Our study offers useful tools and critical scientific information for further understanding the diversity,distribution,and conservation management of various ichthyoplankton species in the marine environment.
基金Project(41877240)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘As a typical sedimentary soft rock,mudstone has the characteristics of being easily softened and disintegrated under the effect of wetting and drying(WD).The first cycle of WD plays an important role in the entire WD cycles.X-ray micro-computed tomography(micro-CT)was used as a non-destructive tool to quantitatively analyze microstructural changes of the mudstone due to the first cycle of WD.The test results show that WD leads to an increase of pore volume and pore connectivity in the mudstone.The porosity and fractal dimension of each slice of mudstone not only increase in value,but also in fluctuation amplitude.The pattern of variation in the frequency distribution of the equivalent radii of connected,isolated pores and pore throats in mudstone under WD effect satisfies the Gaussian distribution.Under the effect of WD,pores and pore throats with relatively small sizes increase the most.The sphericity of the pores in mudstones is positively correlated with the pore radius.The WD effect transforms the originally angular and flat pores into round and regular pores.This paper can provide a reference for the study of the deterioration and catastrophic mechanisms of mudstone under wetting and drying cycles.
