Background Soil available phosphorus(AP)deficiency significantly limits cotton production,particularly in arid and saline-alkaline regions.Screening cotton cultivars for low phosphorus(P)tolerance is crucial for the s...Background Soil available phosphorus(AP)deficiency significantly limits cotton production,particularly in arid and saline-alkaline regions.Screening cotton cultivars for low phosphorus(P)tolerance is crucial for the sustainable development of cotton production.However,the effect of different growth media on the screening outcomes remains unclear.To address this,we evaluated the low P tolerance of 25 cotton cultivars through hydroponic culture at two P levels(0.01 and 0.5 mmol·L^(-1) KH_(2)PO_(4))in 2018 and field culture with two P rates(0 and 90 kg·hm^(-2),in P2O5)in 2019.Results In the hydroponic experiments,principal component analysis(PCA)showed that shoot dry weight(SDW)and P utilization efficiency in shoots(PUES)of cotton seedlings explained over 45%of the genetic variation in P nutri-tion.Cotton cultivars were subjected to comprehensive cluster analysis,utilizing agronomic traits(SDW and PUES)during the seedling stage(hydroponic)and yield and fiber quality traits during the mature stage(in field).These cultivars were grouped into four clusters:resistant,moderately resistant,moderately sensitive,and sensitive.In low P conditions(0.01 mmol·L^(-1) KH_(2)PO_(4) and 4.5 mg·kg^(-1) AP),the low-P-resistant cluster showed significantly smaller reduc-tions in SDW(54%),seed cotton yield(3%),lint yield(-2%),fiber length(-1)%),and fiber strength(-3%)compared with the low-P-sensitive cluster(75%,13%,17%,7%,and 9%,respectively).The increase in PUES(299%)in the resist-ant cluster was also significantly higher than in the sensitive cluster(131%).Four of the eight low-P-tolerant cotton cultivars identified in the field and six in the hydroponic screening overlapped in both screenings.Two cultivars overlapped in both screening in the low-P-sensitive cluster.Conclusion Based on the screenings from both field and hydroponic cultures,ZM-9131,CCRI-79,JM-958,and J-228 were identified as low-P-tolerant cotton cultivars,while JM-169,XM-33B,SCRC-28,and LNM-18 were identified as low P-sensitive cotton cultivars.The relationship between field and hydroponic screening results for low-P-tolerant cotton cultivars was strong,although field validation is still required.The low P tolerance of these cultivars was closely associ-ated with SDW and PUES.展开更多
The woven basalt fiber composites(WBFC) and the unidirectional [0°/90°/45°/-45°]s basalt fiber composites(UBFC) were prepared by hot-pressing.Three-point bending test,low velocity impact test,and b...The woven basalt fiber composites(WBFC) and the unidirectional [0°/90°/45°/-45°]s basalt fiber composites(UBFC) were prepared by hot-pressing.Three-point bending test,low velocity impact test,and ballistic test were performed to the prepared composites.After the tests,the specimens were recovered and analyzed for micromorphology.Three-point bending tests show that both the bending strength and stiffness of the WBFC surpass those of the UBFC.Low velocity impact test results show that the low velocity impact resistance to hemispherical impactor of the UBFC is higher than that of the WBFC,but the low velocity impact resistance to sharp impactor of the UBFC is lower than that of the WBFC.For the ballistic test,it can be found that the ballistic property of the UBFC is higher than that of the WBFC. After the tests,microscopic analysis of the specimens was applied,and their failure mechanism was discussed.The main failure modes of the UBFC are delamination and fibers breakage under the above loading conditions while the main failure mode of the WBFC is fibers breakage.Although delamination damage can be found in the WBFC under the above loading conditions,the degree of delamination is far less than that of the UBFC.展开更多
The molecular mechanism in the damage of erythrocyte membrane of the cows with hemoglobinuria was studied with the field cases and the group comparison.The field cases were devided into three groups:the hemoglobinuria...The molecular mechanism in the damage of erythrocyte membrane of the cows with hemoglobinuria was studied with the field cases and the group comparison.The field cases were devided into three groups:the hemoglobinuria group(HG),the low phosphorous group(LPG)and the control group(CG).The content of phospholipid constituents in the erythrocyte membrane and the protein constituents in membrane skeleton were determined molecularly and the shape of erythrocyte was examined with the scanning electron microscope.The result showed that:(1)the concentration of phosphatidylethanolamine(PE)in HG was lower significantly than that in LPG and CG;the concentration of sphingomyeline(SM) and phosphatidylcholine(PC)+phosphatidylserine(PS) in HG was significantly lower than that in the other groups;the content of PC+PS was lower and the concentration of SM was higher in LPG with comparing that in CG,the significant positive correlation was observed between the concentration of phosphorus in serum and the concentration of PE,respectively.The significant negative correlation was observed between the content of phosphorus in serum and the content of SM,respectively.(2)the difference of protein constituent in membrane skeleton between LPG and CG was not found,however,the concentration of spectin in band Ⅰ,Ⅱ and the content of protein in band Ⅳ 2 was lower and the concentration of protein in band Ⅲ significantly higher in HG than that in LPG and CG(P<0.01);(3)the form of erythrocyte observed with scanning electron microscope changed from discal to the spinal,to spheric form,to hemolysis ultimately following the reduction of the concentration of phosphorus in serum.It was concluded that the change of the constituent of phospholipid in erythrocyte membrane and protein in membrane skeleton and the form of erythrocyte is the most important factors in hemolysis for hypophosphatemia.展开更多
Base on industrial research and experience, the process of methanol distillation is analyzed,and above all, a new concept of high pressure flowsheet and low pressure flowsheet is defined. The new configuration helps t...Base on industrial research and experience, the process of methanol distillation is analyzed,and above all, a new concept of high pressure flowsheet and low pressure flowsheet is defined. The new configuration helps to handle problems encountered in many factories in China. The inter influence between process and column internal pattern is also pointed out. Recommendation of new column internal designs is given. Finally, industrial examples tell the how the new concept works and the possibility of combining process to give more opens to solve engineering problems.展开更多
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2024D01A56)the National Key Research and Develop-ment Program of China(2017YFD0201906)+2 种基金the Central Research Institutes of Basic Research and the Public Service Special Foundation(1610162022044)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-15-11)the Agricultural Sci-ence and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
文摘Background Soil available phosphorus(AP)deficiency significantly limits cotton production,particularly in arid and saline-alkaline regions.Screening cotton cultivars for low phosphorus(P)tolerance is crucial for the sustainable development of cotton production.However,the effect of different growth media on the screening outcomes remains unclear.To address this,we evaluated the low P tolerance of 25 cotton cultivars through hydroponic culture at two P levels(0.01 and 0.5 mmol·L^(-1) KH_(2)PO_(4))in 2018 and field culture with two P rates(0 and 90 kg·hm^(-2),in P2O5)in 2019.Results In the hydroponic experiments,principal component analysis(PCA)showed that shoot dry weight(SDW)and P utilization efficiency in shoots(PUES)of cotton seedlings explained over 45%of the genetic variation in P nutri-tion.Cotton cultivars were subjected to comprehensive cluster analysis,utilizing agronomic traits(SDW and PUES)during the seedling stage(hydroponic)and yield and fiber quality traits during the mature stage(in field).These cultivars were grouped into four clusters:resistant,moderately resistant,moderately sensitive,and sensitive.In low P conditions(0.01 mmol·L^(-1) KH_(2)PO_(4) and 4.5 mg·kg^(-1) AP),the low-P-resistant cluster showed significantly smaller reduc-tions in SDW(54%),seed cotton yield(3%),lint yield(-2%),fiber length(-1)%),and fiber strength(-3%)compared with the low-P-sensitive cluster(75%,13%,17%,7%,and 9%,respectively).The increase in PUES(299%)in the resist-ant cluster was also significantly higher than in the sensitive cluster(131%).Four of the eight low-P-tolerant cotton cultivars identified in the field and six in the hydroponic screening overlapped in both screenings.Two cultivars overlapped in both screening in the low-P-sensitive cluster.Conclusion Based on the screenings from both field and hydroponic cultures,ZM-9131,CCRI-79,JM-958,and J-228 were identified as low-P-tolerant cotton cultivars,while JM-169,XM-33B,SCRC-28,and LNM-18 were identified as low P-sensitive cotton cultivars.The relationship between field and hydroponic screening results for low-P-tolerant cotton cultivars was strong,although field validation is still required.The low P tolerance of these cultivars was closely associ-ated with SDW and PUES.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.51571033)supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11521062。
文摘The woven basalt fiber composites(WBFC) and the unidirectional [0°/90°/45°/-45°]s basalt fiber composites(UBFC) were prepared by hot-pressing.Three-point bending test,low velocity impact test,and ballistic test were performed to the prepared composites.After the tests,the specimens were recovered and analyzed for micromorphology.Three-point bending tests show that both the bending strength and stiffness of the WBFC surpass those of the UBFC.Low velocity impact test results show that the low velocity impact resistance to hemispherical impactor of the UBFC is higher than that of the WBFC,but the low velocity impact resistance to sharp impactor of the UBFC is lower than that of the WBFC.For the ballistic test,it can be found that the ballistic property of the UBFC is higher than that of the WBFC. After the tests,microscopic analysis of the specimens was applied,and their failure mechanism was discussed.The main failure modes of the UBFC are delamination and fibers breakage under the above loading conditions while the main failure mode of the WBFC is fibers breakage.Although delamination damage can be found in the WBFC under the above loading conditions,the degree of delamination is far less than that of the UBFC.
文摘The molecular mechanism in the damage of erythrocyte membrane of the cows with hemoglobinuria was studied with the field cases and the group comparison.The field cases were devided into three groups:the hemoglobinuria group(HG),the low phosphorous group(LPG)and the control group(CG).The content of phospholipid constituents in the erythrocyte membrane and the protein constituents in membrane skeleton were determined molecularly and the shape of erythrocyte was examined with the scanning electron microscope.The result showed that:(1)the concentration of phosphatidylethanolamine(PE)in HG was lower significantly than that in LPG and CG;the concentration of sphingomyeline(SM) and phosphatidylcholine(PC)+phosphatidylserine(PS) in HG was significantly lower than that in the other groups;the content of PC+PS was lower and the concentration of SM was higher in LPG with comparing that in CG,the significant positive correlation was observed between the concentration of phosphorus in serum and the concentration of PE,respectively.The significant negative correlation was observed between the content of phosphorus in serum and the content of SM,respectively.(2)the difference of protein constituent in membrane skeleton between LPG and CG was not found,however,the concentration of spectin in band Ⅰ,Ⅱ and the content of protein in band Ⅳ 2 was lower and the concentration of protein in band Ⅲ significantly higher in HG than that in LPG and CG(P<0.01);(3)the form of erythrocyte observed with scanning electron microscope changed from discal to the spinal,to spheric form,to hemolysis ultimately following the reduction of the concentration of phosphorus in serum.It was concluded that the change of the constituent of phospholipid in erythrocyte membrane and protein in membrane skeleton and the form of erythrocyte is the most important factors in hemolysis for hypophosphatemia.
文摘Base on industrial research and experience, the process of methanol distillation is analyzed,and above all, a new concept of high pressure flowsheet and low pressure flowsheet is defined. The new configuration helps to handle problems encountered in many factories in China. The inter influence between process and column internal pattern is also pointed out. Recommendation of new column internal designs is given. Finally, industrial examples tell the how the new concept works and the possibility of combining process to give more opens to solve engineering problems.
