The Hydrodynamic Ram(HRAM)effect occurs when a high kinetic energy projectile penetrates a fluid filled area,e.g.,a liquid filled tank.The projectile transfers its momentum and kinetic energy to the fluid,what causes ...The Hydrodynamic Ram(HRAM)effect occurs when a high kinetic energy projectile penetrates a fluid filled area,e.g.,a liquid filled tank.The projectile transfers its momentum and kinetic energy to the fluid,what causes a sudden,local pressure rise,further expanding as primary shock wave in the fluid and developing a cavity.It is possible that the entire tank ruptures due to the loads transferred through the fluid to its surrounding structure.In the past decades,additionally to experimental investigations,HRAM has been studied using various computational approaches particularly focusing on the description of the Fluid-Structure Interaction(FSI).This article reviews the published experimental,analytical and numerical results and delivers a chronological overview since the end of World War II.Furthermore,HRAM mitigation measures are highlighted,which have been developed with the experimental,analytical and numerical toolboxes matured over the past 80 years.展开更多
对MHD(mechanisms of magnetohy drodynamics)控制超声速平板湍流边界层的机理进行了理论研究和数值模拟.理论上,采用等离子体低频近似碰撞频率模型,建立等离子体中电子和离子的力平衡方程,得到等离子体速度、极化电场以及边界层速度....对MHD(mechanisms of magnetohy drodynamics)控制超声速平板湍流边界层的机理进行了理论研究和数值模拟.理论上,采用等离子体低频近似碰撞频率模型,建立等离子体中电子和离子的力平衡方程,得到等离子体速度、极化电场以及边界层速度.数值上,通过空间HLLE格式、LU-SGS时间推进求解时均磁流体动力学湍流方程,其中湍流模型采用sst-kω双方程模型.研究结果表明:(1)边界层速度的理论结果和数值结果误差在7%范围内;(2)只有磁场而电场为零时,洛仑兹力起到减小摩阻的作用.施加电场后,洛仑兹力能够加速边界层低速区流体;(3)在边界层外层,越靠近壁面,作用参数越小;而在边界层近壁区黏性底层,虽然惯性力减小,但黏性力却迅速增加,因此越靠近壁面,作用参数反而越大,加速低速流的代价增加.展开更多
文摘The Hydrodynamic Ram(HRAM)effect occurs when a high kinetic energy projectile penetrates a fluid filled area,e.g.,a liquid filled tank.The projectile transfers its momentum and kinetic energy to the fluid,what causes a sudden,local pressure rise,further expanding as primary shock wave in the fluid and developing a cavity.It is possible that the entire tank ruptures due to the loads transferred through the fluid to its surrounding structure.In the past decades,additionally to experimental investigations,HRAM has been studied using various computational approaches particularly focusing on the description of the Fluid-Structure Interaction(FSI).This article reviews the published experimental,analytical and numerical results and delivers a chronological overview since the end of World War II.Furthermore,HRAM mitigation measures are highlighted,which have been developed with the experimental,analytical and numerical toolboxes matured over the past 80 years.
文摘对MHD(mechanisms of magnetohy drodynamics)控制超声速平板湍流边界层的机理进行了理论研究和数值模拟.理论上,采用等离子体低频近似碰撞频率模型,建立等离子体中电子和离子的力平衡方程,得到等离子体速度、极化电场以及边界层速度.数值上,通过空间HLLE格式、LU-SGS时间推进求解时均磁流体动力学湍流方程,其中湍流模型采用sst-kω双方程模型.研究结果表明:(1)边界层速度的理论结果和数值结果误差在7%范围内;(2)只有磁场而电场为零时,洛仑兹力起到减小摩阻的作用.施加电场后,洛仑兹力能够加速边界层低速区流体;(3)在边界层外层,越靠近壁面,作用参数越小;而在边界层近壁区黏性底层,虽然惯性力减小,但黏性力却迅速增加,因此越靠近壁面,作用参数反而越大,加速低速流的代价增加.
