Over the past century,the safety of dams has gradually attracted attention from all parties.Research on the dynamic response and damage evolution of dams under extreme loads is the basis of dam safety issues.In recent...Over the past century,the safety of dams has gradually attracted attention from all parties.Research on the dynamic response and damage evolution of dams under extreme loads is the basis of dam safety issues.In recent decades,scholars have studied the responses of dams under earthquake loads,but there is still much room for improvement in experimental and theoretical research on small probability loads such as explosions.In this paper,a 50-m-high concrete gravity dam is used as a prototype dam,and a water explosion model test of a 2.5-m-high concrete gravity dam is designed.The water pressure and the acceleration response of the dam body in the test are analysed.The pressure characteristics and dynamic response of the dam body are assessed.Taking the dam damage test as an example,a numerical model of concrete gravity dam damage is established,and the damage evolution of the dam body is analysed.By combining experiments and numerical simulations,the damage characteristics of the dam body under the action of different charge water explosions are clarified.The integrity of the dam body is well maintained under the action of a small-quantity water explosion,and the dynamic response of the dam body is mainly caused by the shock wave.Both the shock wave and the bubble pulsation cause the dam body to accelerate,and the peak acceleration of the dam body under the action of the bubble pulsation is only one percent of the peak acceleration of the dam body under the action of the shock wave.When subjected to explosions in large quantities of water,the dam body is seriously damaged.Under the action of a shock wave,the dam body produces a secondary acceleration response,which is generated by an internal interaction after the dam body is damaged.The damage evolution process of the dam body under the action of a large-scale water explosion is analysed,and it is found that the shock wave pressure of the water explosion causes local damage to the dam body facing the explosion.After the peak value of the shock wave,the impulse continues to act on the dam body,causing cumulative damage and damage inside the dam body.展开更多
In this paper, we develope a timodependent, nonlinear, photochemical-dynamical 2-D model which is composed of 3 models: dynamical gravity wave model, middle atmospheric photochemical model, and airglow layer photochem...In this paper, we develope a timodependent, nonlinear, photochemical-dynamical 2-D model which is composed of 3 models: dynamical gravity wave model, middle atmospheric photochemical model, and airglow layer photochemical model. We use the model to study the effect of the gravity wave propagation on the airglow layer. The comparison between the effects of the different wavelength gravity wave on the airglow emission distributions is made. When the vertical wavelength of the gravity wave is close to or is shorter than the thickness of the airglow layer, the gravity wave can make complex structure of the airglow layer, such as the double and multi-peak structures of the airglow layer. However, the gravity wave that has long vertical wavelength can make large scale perturbation of the airglow emission distribution.展开更多
Methodology for the reliability analysis of hydraulic gravity dam is the key technology in current hydropower construction.Reliability analysis for the dynamical dam safety should be divided into two phases:failure mo...Methodology for the reliability analysis of hydraulic gravity dam is the key technology in current hydropower construction.Reliability analysis for the dynamical dam safety should be divided into two phases:failure mode identification and the calculation of the failure probability.Both of them are studied based on the mathematical statistics and structure reliability theory considering two kinds of uncertainty characters(earthquake variability and material randomness).Firstly,failure mode identification method is established based on the dynamical limit state system and verified through example of Koyna Dam so that the statistical law of progressive failure process in dam body are revealed; Secondly,for the calculation of the failure probability,mathematical model and formula are established according to the characteristics of gravity dam,which include three levels,that is element failure,path failure and system failure.A case study is presented to show the practical application of theoretical method and results of these methods.展开更多
Based on the international tidal gravity reference values at station Wuhan, the tidal gravity parameters, including the amplitude factors and phase differences are determined accurately by using the observations with ...Based on the international tidal gravity reference values at station Wuhan, the tidal gravity parameters, including the amplitude factors and phase differences are determined accurately by using the observations with three LaCoste-Romberg (LCR) gravimeters (G-589, ET-20 and ET-21) at stations Zhongshan and Changcheng in the Antarctic, respectively. The standard deviations of the determined amplitude factors of the main tidal waves are better than 0.5%. The amplitude of each tidal wave observed at station Zhongshan is much less than that of the same wave at station Changcheng. The differences of amplitude factors in the diurnal band (O1) at these two stations are less than 7% while those in the semi-diurnal band (M2) are larger than 40%. The influences of meteorology factors, such as atmospheric pressure and temperature, on the tidal gravity observations are very obvious. The oceanic loading effects on the tidal gravity are also very prominent. It is found that the amplitude of the final residual vector of every tidal wave reduces significantly after oceanic correction based on the Schwiderski(s global co-tides. However, because the local oceanic loading is not taken into account, the discrepancies of amplitude factors of wave O1 observed at Zhongshan from the corresponding values of theoretical tidal model are about 4%, and 9% at Changcheng.展开更多
文摘Over the past century,the safety of dams has gradually attracted attention from all parties.Research on the dynamic response and damage evolution of dams under extreme loads is the basis of dam safety issues.In recent decades,scholars have studied the responses of dams under earthquake loads,but there is still much room for improvement in experimental and theoretical research on small probability loads such as explosions.In this paper,a 50-m-high concrete gravity dam is used as a prototype dam,and a water explosion model test of a 2.5-m-high concrete gravity dam is designed.The water pressure and the acceleration response of the dam body in the test are analysed.The pressure characteristics and dynamic response of the dam body are assessed.Taking the dam damage test as an example,a numerical model of concrete gravity dam damage is established,and the damage evolution of the dam body is analysed.By combining experiments and numerical simulations,the damage characteristics of the dam body under the action of different charge water explosions are clarified.The integrity of the dam body is well maintained under the action of a small-quantity water explosion,and the dynamic response of the dam body is mainly caused by the shock wave.Both the shock wave and the bubble pulsation cause the dam body to accelerate,and the peak acceleration of the dam body under the action of the bubble pulsation is only one percent of the peak acceleration of the dam body under the action of the shock wave.When subjected to explosions in large quantities of water,the dam body is seriously damaged.Under the action of a shock wave,the dam body produces a secondary acceleration response,which is generated by an internal interaction after the dam body is damaged.The damage evolution process of the dam body under the action of a large-scale water explosion is analysed,and it is found that the shock wave pressure of the water explosion causes local damage to the dam body facing the explosion.After the peak value of the shock wave,the impulse continues to act on the dam body,causing cumulative damage and damage inside the dam body.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (40225011, 40336054)National Research Project (G2000078407)project of CAS (KZCX3-SW-217)International Collaboration Research Team Program of the Chinese Academy of SciencesChina-Russia Joint Research Center on Space Weather,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘In this paper, we develope a timodependent, nonlinear, photochemical-dynamical 2-D model which is composed of 3 models: dynamical gravity wave model, middle atmospheric photochemical model, and airglow layer photochemical model. We use the model to study the effect of the gravity wave propagation on the airglow layer. The comparison between the effects of the different wavelength gravity wave on the airglow emission distributions is made. When the vertical wavelength of the gravity wave is close to or is shorter than the thickness of the airglow layer, the gravity wave can make complex structure of the airglow layer, such as the double and multi-peak structures of the airglow layer. However, the gravity wave that has long vertical wavelength can make large scale perturbation of the airglow emission distribution.
基金Projects(51021004,51379141)supported by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Methodology for the reliability analysis of hydraulic gravity dam is the key technology in current hydropower construction.Reliability analysis for the dynamical dam safety should be divided into two phases:failure mode identification and the calculation of the failure probability.Both of them are studied based on the mathematical statistics and structure reliability theory considering two kinds of uncertainty characters(earthquake variability and material randomness).Firstly,failure mode identification method is established based on the dynamical limit state system and verified through example of Koyna Dam so that the statistical law of progressive failure process in dam body are revealed; Secondly,for the calculation of the failure probability,mathematical model and formula are established according to the characteristics of gravity dam,which include three levels,that is element failure,path failure and system failure.A case study is presented to show the practical application of theoretical method and results of these methods.
基金State Natural Science Foundation of China (49925411 and 49774223) the Projects from Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-106 a
文摘Based on the international tidal gravity reference values at station Wuhan, the tidal gravity parameters, including the amplitude factors and phase differences are determined accurately by using the observations with three LaCoste-Romberg (LCR) gravimeters (G-589, ET-20 and ET-21) at stations Zhongshan and Changcheng in the Antarctic, respectively. The standard deviations of the determined amplitude factors of the main tidal waves are better than 0.5%. The amplitude of each tidal wave observed at station Zhongshan is much less than that of the same wave at station Changcheng. The differences of amplitude factors in the diurnal band (O1) at these two stations are less than 7% while those in the semi-diurnal band (M2) are larger than 40%. The influences of meteorology factors, such as atmospheric pressure and temperature, on the tidal gravity observations are very obvious. The oceanic loading effects on the tidal gravity are also very prominent. It is found that the amplitude of the final residual vector of every tidal wave reduces significantly after oceanic correction based on the Schwiderski(s global co-tides. However, because the local oceanic loading is not taken into account, the discrepancies of amplitude factors of wave O1 observed at Zhongshan from the corresponding values of theoretical tidal model are about 4%, and 9% at Changcheng.
