Objective The malaria parasites remodel the host erythrocyte structure by exporting parasite proteins that interact with the membrane skeleton proteins of red blood cells(RBCs),facilitating their intracellular surviva...Objective The malaria parasites remodel the host erythrocyte structure by exporting parasite proteins that interact with the membrane skeleton proteins of red blood cells(RBCs),facilitating their intracellular survival and pathogenicity.Skeletonbinding protein 1(SBP1)is a conserved exported protein across Plasmodium species.In Plasmodium falciparum,SBP1 has been reported to interact with erythrocyte membrane skeleton proteins 4.1R and spectrin,while its contribution to erythrocyte remodeling and parasite virulence in Plasmodium berghei(Pb)remains unclear.This study aims to determine whether PbSBP1 associates with the host cytoskeletal protein 4.1R and to investigate its role in the remodeling of host RBCs and the pathogenicity of Plasmodium berghei.Methods In Plasmodium berghei,the relationship between PbSBP1 and the erythrocyte cytoskeletal protein 4.1R was examined using co-immunoprecipitation.A Pbsbp1 gene knockout mutant of Plasmodium berghei(Pbsbp1Δ)was generated based on the principle of double crossover homologous recombination.The deformability of erythrocytes infected with Pbsbp1Δparasites was assessed using microfluidic methods.Microchannels with an array of cylindrical pillars were used to detect modifications in infected RBC deformability.The infected RBCs were squashed between the rows and recovered between the columns and the transit velocity(μm/s)of infected RBCs travelling through the microchannel was recorded.The component of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton junctional complex,tropomodulin(TMOD),was fluorescently labeled,and the cytoskeletal network of infected erythrocytes was imaged using super-resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy(STORM)to analyze ultrastructural changes in the cytoskeleton of wild-type(WT)and Pbsbp1Δ-infected erythrocytes.Actin-based junctional complexes were displayed as individual clusters by the labeled TMOD in the STORM images,and the cluster densities and distances between adjacent clusters of infected RBCs were calculated.Additionally,rodent malaria models(BALB/c mice)and experimental cerebral malaria models(C57BL/6 mice)were employed to monitor the growth of Pbsbp1Δand WT parasites during the intraerythrocytic stage and their capacity to induce cerebral malaria in mice.Results PbSBP1 may participate in the remodeling of infected erythrocytes through direct or indirect interaction with the erythrocyte cytoskeletal protein 4.1R.Microfluidic assays revealed that the deformability of erythrocytes infected with Pbsbp1Δparasites was significantly enhanced compared to those infected with WT parasites.STORM imaging further demonstrated that the ultrastructure of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton in Pbsbp1Δ-infected cells was altered relative to that in WTinfected erythrocytes.The distances between nearest neighbors of clusters had a tendency to increase while the cluster densities were decreased in Pbsbp1Δ-infected RBCs compared to WT-infected RBCs.Subsequent phenotypic analysis indicated that the growth rate of Pbsbp1Δparasites during the intraerythrocytic stage was significantly slower than that of WT parasites,and their ability to induce cerebral malaria in mice was also attenuated.These findings suggest that PbSBP1 is involved in the remodeling of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton,likely through its direct or indirect interaction with protein 4.1R,thereby regulating the deformability of infected erythrocytes and influencing the pathogenicity of the blood-stage parasites.Conclusion This study establishes a role for PbSBP1 in host erythrocyte remodeling and parasite virulence,providing new research strategies for the prevention and treatment of malaria.展开更多
The objective was to evaluate the toxicity effect of gossypol on ultrastructure of mouse testis and the expression of Bax mRNA and Bcl-2 mRNA of sperm cells in mice. Forty-eight male mice were randomly divided into fo...The objective was to evaluate the toxicity effect of gossypol on ultrastructure of mouse testis and the expression of Bax mRNA and Bcl-2 mRNA of sperm cells in mice. Forty-eight male mice were randomly divided into four groups： control group, L-group （30 mg-kgt. d）, M-group （60 mg·kg-1 ·d） and H-group （120 mg·kg-1· d） and were orally administrated with gossypol diluted by sodium carboxymethyl cellulose （SCC） or SCC （control group） for 20 days. On the 21st day, all the mice were killed and ultrastructure changes of testis were observed by TEM. mRNA expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in testis was measured by semiquantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that the testicular ultrastructure in three treated groups was gradually damaged, according to the dosage of gossypol and cellular structure disordered and organdie degenerated, manifesting vacuolation of mitochondria, expansion of endoplasmie reticulum, mRNA expression of Bcl-2 in testis significantly increased （p〈0.05） in L-group and then significantly decreased （p〈0.05, p〈0.01） in M-group and H-group compared with that in the control group; mRNA expression of Bcl-2 in M-group and H-group significantly decreased （p〈0.05, p〈0.01） than that in L-group and Bcl-2 mRNA expression in H-group showed a significant decrease （p〈0.05） compared with that in M-group. On the other hand, mRNA expression of Bax significant increased （p〈0.05,p〈0.01） in M-group and H-group than that in the control group. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax significantly reduced 07〈0.05, p〈0.01） in the treated group than that in the control group and was found to be an obvious dose-dependent. It demonstrated that the gnssypol could induce the changes on ultrastructure of mice testis, down-regulate mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and up-regnlate mRNA expression of Bax, which indicated that sperm ceils were induced apoptosis.展开更多
In this study,the morphology and ultrastructure of the compound eye of L.lewisii were investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),microcomputed tomography(μCT),and 3D re...In this study,the morphology and ultrastructure of the compound eye of L.lewisii were investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),microcomputed tomography(μCT),and 3D reconstruction.The compound eye of L.lewisii was of the apposition type,with an average of 121.88±7.64 ommatidia in males and 119.00±4.71 ommatidia in females.Each ommatidium was composed of a biconvex cornea,an acone consisting of four cone cells,eight retinular cells along with the rhabdom,two primary pigment cells,and numerous secondary pigment cells.The open type of rhabdom in L.lewisii consists of six peripheral rhabdomeres contributed by the six peripheral retinular cells(R1~R6)and two vertically attached central rhabdomeres contributed by R7 and R8 respectively.The orientation of microvilli suggested a weak sensitivity to polarized light perception.展开更多
Chukar is a kind of very important wild economical bird species.The research to the eggshell is very useful not only in biology but also in economics.The structure of eggshell of Chukar is the same as the fowl.The str...Chukar is a kind of very important wild economical bird species.The research to the eggshell is very useful not only in biology but also in economics.The structure of eggshell of Chukar is the same as the fowl.The structural changes of the inner and outer surfaces,the transverse section of the eggshell,and the outer surface of its membrane during incubation had been observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).There was a great change happened for the surface structrue of eggshell and its membrane during incubation.The tortoise shaped crackles became smaller and longer,and the fibres of the membrane became thinner and shorter.At the same time,the transverse section of eggshell also became thicker.展开更多
By the observation of chloroplast ultrastructure in different period of bract colors of Euphorbia pulcherrima, the paper studied the change of chloroplast ultrastructural in the transition process of bract colors, ide...By the observation of chloroplast ultrastructure in different period of bract colors of Euphorbia pulcherrima, the paper studied the change of chloroplast ultrastructural in the transition process of bract colors, identified the relationship between E.pulcherrima color change and the chloroplast ultrastructure to provide theorical bases for the cultivation management and further study of E. pulcherrima. Ultrastructural study showed that in the process of change from green to red, the chloroplast of bracts disintegrated gradually, lamellar structure was destroyed gradually, and the content of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells was also reduced gradually. When bracts color resumed to turn green gradually, the content of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells was also increased gradually.展开更多
Winter wheat （Triticum aestivum） cultivars Dongnongdongmai 1 with strong cold/freezing tolerance and Jimai 22 with weak cold/freezing tolerance were used for investigating the difference of microstructure and ultras...Winter wheat （Triticum aestivum） cultivars Dongnongdongmai 1 with strong cold/freezing tolerance and Jimai 22 with weak cold/freezing tolerance were used for investigating the difference of microstructure and ultrastructure between leaves of two cultivars under low temperature stress （5℃ and -15 ℃） using optical and electron microscope. The results showed that there was no obvious difference between leaves of Dongnongdongmai 1 and Jimai 22 in microstructure. However, the difference between those leaves was distinct in ultrastructure. The grana lamella and stroma lamella were stacked regularly and arranged parallelly along the long axis of chloroplasts in cv. Dongnongdongmai 1, while the arrangement directions of thylakoids in Jimai 22＇s leaves were so irregular as to form various angles with the long axis of chloroplasts. At -15℃, the mitochondrias were swelled to be round and the structure of cristaes became blurry in both cultivars＇ leaves, while some cristaes of Jimai 22 disappeared. These results would provide theoretical evidence for selecting cold/freezing tolerant winter wheat germplasm resources展开更多
牛瑞燕:副教授,博士研究方向:环境兽医学近年来发表的代表性作品论文1.Effects of fluoride on microtubule ultrastructure and expression of Tubα1a and Tubβ2a in mouse hippocampus.Chemosphere 2015;139:422-427,(第一作者,SCI...牛瑞燕:副教授,博士研究方向:环境兽医学近年来发表的代表性作品论文1.Effects of fluoride on microtubule ultrastructure and expression of Tubα1a and Tubβ2a in mouse hippocampus.Chemosphere 2015;139:422-427,(第一作者,SCI收录)2.Changes in Liver antioxidant status of offspring mice induced by maternal fluoride exposure during gestation and lactation.Biol Trace Elem Res 2016;172(1):172-178.展开更多
Testicular tissue was studied in domesticated yak and in wild yak × domesticated yak(F1 and F2)bulls at 6,12,18 and 24 months of age by stereology for quautitative histology and by comparative studies on the lact...Testicular tissue was studied in domesticated yak and in wild yak × domesticated yak(F1 and F2)bulls at 6,12,18 and 24 months of age by stereology for quautitative histology and by comparative studies on the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)isoenzyme spectrum, LDH activity and the percentage content of LDH isoenzymes in testes. The results indicated that all three types of yak were similar in both the characteristics of ultrastructure of testicular tissue and the degree of germ cell development. The process of spermatogenesis was initiated and sperm were produced for the first time at the age of 12months in all three yak types. All yak types exhibited similar age-related, increases in weight of testes,volume density of both the seminiferous tubules and seminiferous epithelium and height of seminiferous epithelium but all these indexes were slightly affected by season. The number of LDH isoenzyme bands after electrophoresis varied with age as follows: four bands were present at 6 months of age, five bands at 12 and 18 months and six bands at 24 months of age. The sixth band was LDH -x ,which appeared between the LDH4 and LDH5 band. These results indicated that yak bulls reach sexual maturity at 24months of age and that puberty is not affected by infusion of wild strains.展开更多
Production of hair and undercoat, type of yak hair fibre, strength, stretched length and ultrastructure of the hair fibre were determined and observed for WY, DY and its offspring in this study. The results showed tha...Production of hair and undercoat, type of yak hair fibre, strength, stretched length and ultrastructure of the hair fibre were determined and observed for WY, DY and its offspring in this study. The results showed that hair yield of the 1/2 WY raised by 19.73% and the undercoat by 14% (P＜0. 01)more than that of the DY. Its strength improved 8. 31% (P＞0.05) more than that of the DY. The stretched length and the ultrastructure of hair fibre were resemblance in the WY and DY.展开更多
文摘Objective The malaria parasites remodel the host erythrocyte structure by exporting parasite proteins that interact with the membrane skeleton proteins of red blood cells(RBCs),facilitating their intracellular survival and pathogenicity.Skeletonbinding protein 1(SBP1)is a conserved exported protein across Plasmodium species.In Plasmodium falciparum,SBP1 has been reported to interact with erythrocyte membrane skeleton proteins 4.1R and spectrin,while its contribution to erythrocyte remodeling and parasite virulence in Plasmodium berghei(Pb)remains unclear.This study aims to determine whether PbSBP1 associates with the host cytoskeletal protein 4.1R and to investigate its role in the remodeling of host RBCs and the pathogenicity of Plasmodium berghei.Methods In Plasmodium berghei,the relationship between PbSBP1 and the erythrocyte cytoskeletal protein 4.1R was examined using co-immunoprecipitation.A Pbsbp1 gene knockout mutant of Plasmodium berghei(Pbsbp1Δ)was generated based on the principle of double crossover homologous recombination.The deformability of erythrocytes infected with Pbsbp1Δparasites was assessed using microfluidic methods.Microchannels with an array of cylindrical pillars were used to detect modifications in infected RBC deformability.The infected RBCs were squashed between the rows and recovered between the columns and the transit velocity(μm/s)of infected RBCs travelling through the microchannel was recorded.The component of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton junctional complex,tropomodulin(TMOD),was fluorescently labeled,and the cytoskeletal network of infected erythrocytes was imaged using super-resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy(STORM)to analyze ultrastructural changes in the cytoskeleton of wild-type(WT)and Pbsbp1Δ-infected erythrocytes.Actin-based junctional complexes were displayed as individual clusters by the labeled TMOD in the STORM images,and the cluster densities and distances between adjacent clusters of infected RBCs were calculated.Additionally,rodent malaria models(BALB/c mice)and experimental cerebral malaria models(C57BL/6 mice)were employed to monitor the growth of Pbsbp1Δand WT parasites during the intraerythrocytic stage and their capacity to induce cerebral malaria in mice.Results PbSBP1 may participate in the remodeling of infected erythrocytes through direct or indirect interaction with the erythrocyte cytoskeletal protein 4.1R.Microfluidic assays revealed that the deformability of erythrocytes infected with Pbsbp1Δparasites was significantly enhanced compared to those infected with WT parasites.STORM imaging further demonstrated that the ultrastructure of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton in Pbsbp1Δ-infected cells was altered relative to that in WTinfected erythrocytes.The distances between nearest neighbors of clusters had a tendency to increase while the cluster densities were decreased in Pbsbp1Δ-infected RBCs compared to WT-infected RBCs.Subsequent phenotypic analysis indicated that the growth rate of Pbsbp1Δparasites during the intraerythrocytic stage was significantly slower than that of WT parasites,and their ability to induce cerebral malaria in mice was also attenuated.These findings suggest that PbSBP1 is involved in the remodeling of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton,likely through its direct or indirect interaction with protein 4.1R,thereby regulating the deformability of infected erythrocytes and influencing the pathogenicity of the blood-stage parasites.Conclusion This study establishes a role for PbSBP1 in host erythrocyte remodeling and parasite virulence,providing new research strategies for the prevention and treatment of malaria.
文摘The objective was to evaluate the toxicity effect of gossypol on ultrastructure of mouse testis and the expression of Bax mRNA and Bcl-2 mRNA of sperm cells in mice. Forty-eight male mice were randomly divided into four groups： control group, L-group （30 mg-kgt. d）, M-group （60 mg·kg-1 ·d） and H-group （120 mg·kg-1· d） and were orally administrated with gossypol diluted by sodium carboxymethyl cellulose （SCC） or SCC （control group） for 20 days. On the 21st day, all the mice were killed and ultrastructure changes of testis were observed by TEM. mRNA expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in testis was measured by semiquantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that the testicular ultrastructure in three treated groups was gradually damaged, according to the dosage of gossypol and cellular structure disordered and organdie degenerated, manifesting vacuolation of mitochondria, expansion of endoplasmie reticulum, mRNA expression of Bcl-2 in testis significantly increased （p〈0.05） in L-group and then significantly decreased （p〈0.05, p〈0.01） in M-group and H-group compared with that in the control group; mRNA expression of Bcl-2 in M-group and H-group significantly decreased （p〈0.05, p〈0.01） than that in L-group and Bcl-2 mRNA expression in H-group showed a significant decrease （p〈0.05） compared with that in M-group. On the other hand, mRNA expression of Bax significant increased （p〈0.05,p〈0.01） in M-group and H-group than that in the control group. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax significantly reduced 07〈0.05, p〈0.01） in the treated group than that in the control group and was found to be an obvious dose-dependent. It demonstrated that the gnssypol could induce the changes on ultrastructure of mice testis, down-regulate mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and up-regnlate mRNA expression of Bax, which indicated that sperm ceils were induced apoptosis.
文摘In this study,the morphology and ultrastructure of the compound eye of L.lewisii were investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),microcomputed tomography(μCT),and 3D reconstruction.The compound eye of L.lewisii was of the apposition type,with an average of 121.88±7.64 ommatidia in males and 119.00±4.71 ommatidia in females.Each ommatidium was composed of a biconvex cornea,an acone consisting of four cone cells,eight retinular cells along with the rhabdom,two primary pigment cells,and numerous secondary pigment cells.The open type of rhabdom in L.lewisii consists of six peripheral rhabdomeres contributed by the six peripheral retinular cells(R1~R6)and two vertically attached central rhabdomeres contributed by R7 and R8 respectively.The orientation of microvilli suggested a weak sensitivity to polarized light perception.
文摘Chukar is a kind of very important wild economical bird species.The research to the eggshell is very useful not only in biology but also in economics.The structure of eggshell of Chukar is the same as the fowl.The structural changes of the inner and outer surfaces,the transverse section of the eggshell,and the outer surface of its membrane during incubation had been observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).There was a great change happened for the surface structrue of eggshell and its membrane during incubation.The tortoise shaped crackles became smaller and longer,and the fibres of the membrane became thinner and shorter.At the same time,the transverse section of eggshell also became thicker.
文摘By the observation of chloroplast ultrastructure in different period of bract colors of Euphorbia pulcherrima, the paper studied the change of chloroplast ultrastructural in the transition process of bract colors, identified the relationship between E.pulcherrima color change and the chloroplast ultrastructure to provide theorical bases for the cultivation management and further study of E. pulcherrima. Ultrastructural study showed that in the process of change from green to red, the chloroplast of bracts disintegrated gradually, lamellar structure was destroyed gradually, and the content of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells was also reduced gradually. When bracts color resumed to turn green gradually, the content of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells was also increased gradually.
基金Supported by Doctoral Scientific Research Project of Northeast Agricultural University (20082010)Innovative Research Team Project of Northeast Agricultural University (CXZ003)
文摘Winter wheat （Triticum aestivum） cultivars Dongnongdongmai 1 with strong cold/freezing tolerance and Jimai 22 with weak cold/freezing tolerance were used for investigating the difference of microstructure and ultrastructure between leaves of two cultivars under low temperature stress （5℃ and -15 ℃） using optical and electron microscope. The results showed that there was no obvious difference between leaves of Dongnongdongmai 1 and Jimai 22 in microstructure. However, the difference between those leaves was distinct in ultrastructure. The grana lamella and stroma lamella were stacked regularly and arranged parallelly along the long axis of chloroplasts in cv. Dongnongdongmai 1, while the arrangement directions of thylakoids in Jimai 22＇s leaves were so irregular as to form various angles with the long axis of chloroplasts. At -15℃, the mitochondrias were swelled to be round and the structure of cristaes became blurry in both cultivars＇ leaves, while some cristaes of Jimai 22 disappeared. These results would provide theoretical evidence for selecting cold/freezing tolerant winter wheat germplasm resources
文摘牛瑞燕:副教授,博士研究方向:环境兽医学近年来发表的代表性作品论文1.Effects of fluoride on microtubule ultrastructure and expression of Tubα1a and Tubβ2a in mouse hippocampus.Chemosphere 2015;139:422-427,(第一作者,SCI收录)2.Changes in Liver antioxidant status of offspring mice induced by maternal fluoride exposure during gestation and lactation.Biol Trace Elem Res 2016;172(1):172-178.
文摘Testicular tissue was studied in domesticated yak and in wild yak × domesticated yak(F1 and F2)bulls at 6,12,18 and 24 months of age by stereology for quautitative histology and by comparative studies on the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)isoenzyme spectrum, LDH activity and the percentage content of LDH isoenzymes in testes. The results indicated that all three types of yak were similar in both the characteristics of ultrastructure of testicular tissue and the degree of germ cell development. The process of spermatogenesis was initiated and sperm were produced for the first time at the age of 12months in all three yak types. All yak types exhibited similar age-related, increases in weight of testes,volume density of both the seminiferous tubules and seminiferous epithelium and height of seminiferous epithelium but all these indexes were slightly affected by season. The number of LDH isoenzyme bands after electrophoresis varied with age as follows: four bands were present at 6 months of age, five bands at 12 and 18 months and six bands at 24 months of age. The sixth band was LDH -x ,which appeared between the LDH4 and LDH5 band. These results indicated that yak bulls reach sexual maturity at 24months of age and that puberty is not affected by infusion of wild strains.
文摘Production of hair and undercoat, type of yak hair fibre, strength, stretched length and ultrastructure of the hair fibre were determined and observed for WY, DY and its offspring in this study. The results showed that hair yield of the 1/2 WY raised by 19.73% and the undercoat by 14% (P＜0. 01)more than that of the DY. Its strength improved 8. 31% (P＞0.05) more than that of the DY. The stretched length and the ultrastructure of hair fibre were resemblance in the WY and DY.
