Objective Magnetoencephalography(MEG),a non-invasive neuroimaging technique,meticulously captures the magnetic fields emanating from brain electrical activity.Compared with MEG based on superconducting quantum interfe...Objective Magnetoencephalography(MEG),a non-invasive neuroimaging technique,meticulously captures the magnetic fields emanating from brain electrical activity.Compared with MEG based on superconducting quantum interference devices(SQUID),MEG based on optically pump magnetometer(OPM)has the advantages of higher sensitivity,better spatial resolution and lower cost.However,most of the current studies are clinical studies,and there is a lack of animal studies on MEG based on OPM technology.Pain,a multifaceted sensory and emotional phenomenon,induces intricate alterations in brain activity,exhibiting notable sex differences.Despite clinical revelations of pain-related neuronal activity through MEG,specific properties remain elusive,and comprehensive laboratory studies on pain-associated brain activity alterations are lacking.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inflammatory pain(induced by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant(CFA))on brain activity in a rat model using the MEG technique,to analysis changes in brain activity during pain perception,and to explore sex differences in pain-related MEG signaling.Methods This study utilized adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats.Inflammatory pain was induced via intraplantar injection of CFA(100μl,50%in saline)in the left hind paw,with control groups receiving saline.Pain behavior was assessed using von Frey filaments at baseline and 1 h post-injection.For MEG recording,anesthetized rats had an OPM positioned on their head within a magnetic shield,undergoing two 15-minute sessions:a 5-minute baseline followed by a 10-minute mechanical stimulation phase.Data analysis included artifact removal and time-frequency analysis of spontaneous brain activity using accumulated spectrograms,generating spectrograms focused on the 4-30 Hz frequency range.Results MEG recordings in anesthetized rats during resting states and hind paw mechanical stimulation were compared,before and after saline/CFA injections.Mechanical stimulation elevated alpha activity in both male and female rats pre-and post-saline/CFA injections.Saline/CFA injections augmented average power in both sexes compared to pre-injection states.Remarkably,female rats exhibited higher average spectral power 1 h after CFA injection than after saline injection during resting states.Furthermore,despite comparable pain thresholds measured by classical pain behavioral tests post-CFA treatment,female rats displayed higher average power than males in the resting state after CFA injection.Conclusion These results imply an enhanced perception of inflammatory pain in female rats compared to their male counterparts.Our study exhibits sex differences in alpha activities following CFA injection,highlighting heightened brain alpha activity in female rats during acute inflammatory pain in the resting state.Our study provides a method for OPM-based MEG recordings to be used to study brain activity in anaesthetized animals.In addition,the findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of pain-related neural activity and pain sex differences.展开更多
To investigate the applicability of four commonly used color difference formulas(CIELAB,CIE94,CMC(1:1),and CIEDE2000)in the printing field on 3D objects,as well as the impact of four standard light sources(D65,D50,A,a...To investigate the applicability of four commonly used color difference formulas(CIELAB,CIE94,CMC(1:1),and CIEDE2000)in the printing field on 3D objects,as well as the impact of four standard light sources(D65,D50,A,and TL84)on 3D color difference evaluations,50 glossy spheres with a diameter of 2cm based on the Sailner J4003D color printing device were created.These spheres were centered around the five recommended colors(gray,red,yellow,green,and blue)by CIE.Color difference was calculated according to the four formulas,and 111 pairs of experimental samples meeting the CIELAB gray scale color difference requirements(1.0-14.0)were selected.Ten observers,aged between 22 and 27 with normal color vision,were participated in this study,using the gray scale method from psychophysical experiments to conduct color difference evaluations under the four light sources,with repeated experiments for each observer.The results indicated that the overall effect of the D65 light source on 3D objects color difference was minimal.In contrast,D50 and A light sources had a significant impact within the small color difference range,while the TL84 light source influenced both large and small color difference considerably.Among the four color difference formulas,CIEDE2000 demonstrated the best predictive performance for color difference in 3D objects,followed by CMC(1:1),CIE94,and CIELAB.展开更多
To enhance the computational efficiency of spatio-temporally discretized phase-field models,we present a high-speed solver specifically designed for the Poisson equations,a component frequently used in the numerical c...To enhance the computational efficiency of spatio-temporally discretized phase-field models,we present a high-speed solver specifically designed for the Poisson equations,a component frequently used in the numerical computation of such models.This efficient solver employs algorithms based on discrete cosine transformations(DCT)or discrete sine transformations(DST)and is not restricted by any spatio-temporal schemes.Our proposed methodology is appropriate for a variety of phase-field models and is especially efficient when combined with flow field systems.Meanwhile,this study has conducted an extensive numerical comparison and found that employing DCT and DST techniques not only yields results comparable to those obtained via the Multigrid(MG)method,a conventional approach used in the resolution of the Poisson equations,but also enhances computational efficiency by over 90%.展开更多
This paper describes male-female differences in speech behavior from the following aspects: their different attitudes towards public speaking and private speaking; their different attitudes towards public details and ...This paper describes male-female differences in speech behavior from the following aspects: their different attitudes towards public speaking and private speaking; their different attitudes towards public details and private details; their different purposes towards troubles; their different attitudes towards asking information. Then this paper presents explanations for male-female differences in speech behavior from social point of view and anthropological point of view.展开更多
Mistakes occur here and there when Chinese learners of English apply the foreign language in practice. This paper analyzes some common mistakes derived from cultural differences and tries to illustrate that language, ...Mistakes occur here and there when Chinese learners of English apply the foreign language in practice. This paper analyzes some common mistakes derived from cultural differences and tries to illustrate that language, as a part of culture should be taught and learnt as an integral part of learning about the target culture so that learners can gain a full understanding and good command of the foreign language.展开更多
This paper analyzes cultural differences of English and Chinese in terms of Seven Types of Meaning . It proceeds from the theory of Leech’s Seven Types of meaning , then comparatively illustrates with analysis of eac...This paper analyzes cultural differences of English and Chinese in terms of Seven Types of Meaning . It proceeds from the theory of Leech’s Seven Types of meaning , then comparatively illustrates with analysis of each type of meaning and cultural differences. And concludes with the cause of cultural differences and problems of it in cross-cultural communication with the hope that Chinese student could avoid Chinglish in learning and both Chinese and foreigners could avoid cultural shock when communicating with each other.展开更多
The extreme temperature differences in fiat steel box girder of a cable-stayed bridge were studied.Firstly,by using the long-term measurement data collected by the structural health monitoring system installed on the ...The extreme temperature differences in fiat steel box girder of a cable-stayed bridge were studied.Firstly,by using the long-term measurement data collected by the structural health monitoring system installed on the Runyang Cable-stayed Bridge,the daily variations as well as seasonal ones of measured temperature differences in the box girder cross-section area were summarized.The probability distribution models of temperature differences were further established and the extreme temperature differences were estimated with a return period of 100 years.Finally,the temperature difference models in cross-section area were proposed for bridge thermal design.The results show that horizontal temperature differences in top plate and vertical temperature differences between top plate and bottom plate are considerable.All the positive and negative temperature differences can be described by the weighted sum of two Weibull distributions.The maximum positive and negative horizontal temperature differences in top plate are 10.30 ℃ and -13.80 ℃,respectively.And the maximum positive and negative vertical temperature differences between top plate and bottom plate are 17.30 ℃ and-3.70 ℃,respectively.For bridge thermal design,there are two vertical temperature difference models between top plate and bottom plate,and six horizontal temperature difference models in top plate.展开更多
Cultural philosophy refers to the study of cultural principles with philosophical viewpoints and methods to form a theoretical system of cultural views and cultural activities.It mainly discusses the history and devel...Cultural philosophy refers to the study of cultural principles with philosophical viewpoints and methods to form a theoretical system of cultural views and cultural activities.It mainly discusses the history and development of culture,the motive force and conditions of culture,the role of tradition in social history,the comparison of various cultures,and the conflict and blending of cultures.This paper attempts to explore an effective way to integrate the two modes of thinking of Chinese and Western cultural philosophy through a comparative analysis of the differences and identity between Chinese and Western cultural philosophy.The study of cultural identity and differences between China and Western countries has a certain practical significance for cross-cultural communication in China.展开更多
People with various cultural backgrounds and habits have different modes of thinking,making it difficult to communicate between different cultures. Based on culture,thinking and their relationship,this paper analyzes ...People with various cultural backgrounds and habits have different modes of thinking,making it difficult to communicate between different cultures. Based on culture,thinking and their relationship,this paper analyzes the differences between Chinese and the Western cultures to find the solutions to the problem of how to use the differences to establish international mind and global vision to achieve"cultural confidence".展开更多
The genetic differences of 15 mitten crab populations from 6 river systems in China's Mainland and 1 population from Russia were studied based on RFLP analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I （CO I...The genetic differences of 15 mitten crab populations from 6 river systems in China's Mainland and 1 population from Russia were studied based on RFLP analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I （CO I）. The results showed that Tas I-RFLP pattern could be used as a genetic marker to distinguish Eriocheir hepuensis from Eriocheir sinensis, Eriocheirjaponica and Eriocheir leptognathus; genetic distances among 13 populations of Eriocheir sinensis range from 0 to 0.015, indicating that they were different geographic strains; the subspecies status of Eriocheir sinensis and Eriocheir hepuensis （population from Nanliujiang） were considered owning to their genetic distances of 0.02-0.044, indicating that genetic divergence between them was low; Eriocheir leptognathus （population from Nanpaihe, Tianjin） was the most distant taxon with genetic distances value of 0.147-0.195, which could be defined as genetic distances between species in genus Eriocheir.展开更多
China's food security mainly depends on the core areas of food production.Under the dual constraints of resource scarcity and environmental degradation,improving the grain production efficiency of the main grain-p...China's food security mainly depends on the core areas of food production.Under the dual constraints of resource scarcity and environmental degradation,improving the grain production efficiency of the main grain-producing areas has become the fundamental way to strengthen the grain production capacity and improve the national food security capability,and to improve the efficiency of grain production in major grain-producing areas requires empirical support.This paper used the Super SBM model and the Malmquist index to measure the grain production efficiency of the main grain-producing areas from 2001 to 2020 from both static and dynamic perspectives,and compared the differences in grain production efficiency among different soil types and different provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas.The results showed that from 2001 to 2020,the grain production in the main grain-producing areas was in a relatively ineffective state,and the differences in grain production efficiency among different soil types and different provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas were obvious.The order of grain production efficiency in different soil types was black soil region>red-yellow soil region>paddy soil region>fluvo-aquic soil region,and the order of grain production efficiency of the provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas was Jilin>Heilongjiang>Inner Mongolia>Jiangxi>Hunan>Sichuan>Hubei>Jiangsu>Liaoning>Henan>Anhui>Shandong>Hebei.From 2001 to 2020,the total factor productivity of grain in the main grain-producing areas increased,but due to the trade-off between the technological progress and the growth of technical efficiency,the increase in the total factor productivity of grain in the main grain-producing areas was small,and the growth mainly came from the increase of input factors in this period.The total factor productivity of grain in Hebei,Heilongjiang,Liaoning,Jilin,Inner Mongolia,Shandong,Jiangsu,Henan and Anhui increased,but the increase was small,while the total factor productivity of grain in Jiangxi,Sichuan,Hunan and Hubei provinces declined.展开更多
Cotton is the major dominant natural fiber crop on the earth.Although some current cotton genetics and breeding programs had made great progresses in cotton lint yield increases and disease resistance(tolerance),fiber...Cotton is the major dominant natural fiber crop on the earth.Although some current cotton genetics and breeding programs had made great progresses in cotton lint yield increases and disease resistance(tolerance),fiber quality has little improvement.Global understanding genes expression展开更多
Due to differences in value orientation,thinking model and other aspects of social norms,it is difficult to completely avoid cultural collision and conflict betw een cross-cultural communications. As an important chan...Due to differences in value orientation,thinking model and other aspects of social norms,it is difficult to completely avoid cultural collision and conflict betw een cross-cultural communications. As an important channel of inter- cultural communication,verbal communication w ill vary depending on different gender styles. T he analysis of the impact of gender discourse on human activity in a specific context and the explanations of different discourse style can be helpful in better understanding the communicative behavior of human beings. Based on this,this paper makes a study of the gender differences in discourse style in the context of inter- cultural communication,first explaining several relevant concepts,and then discussing several gender differences in discourse style and the cultural reasons in inter- cultural communication attribution,last presenting some proposals for promoting gender cross- cultural communication.展开更多
文摘Objective Magnetoencephalography(MEG),a non-invasive neuroimaging technique,meticulously captures the magnetic fields emanating from brain electrical activity.Compared with MEG based on superconducting quantum interference devices(SQUID),MEG based on optically pump magnetometer(OPM)has the advantages of higher sensitivity,better spatial resolution and lower cost.However,most of the current studies are clinical studies,and there is a lack of animal studies on MEG based on OPM technology.Pain,a multifaceted sensory and emotional phenomenon,induces intricate alterations in brain activity,exhibiting notable sex differences.Despite clinical revelations of pain-related neuronal activity through MEG,specific properties remain elusive,and comprehensive laboratory studies on pain-associated brain activity alterations are lacking.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inflammatory pain(induced by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant(CFA))on brain activity in a rat model using the MEG technique,to analysis changes in brain activity during pain perception,and to explore sex differences in pain-related MEG signaling.Methods This study utilized adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats.Inflammatory pain was induced via intraplantar injection of CFA(100μl,50%in saline)in the left hind paw,with control groups receiving saline.Pain behavior was assessed using von Frey filaments at baseline and 1 h post-injection.For MEG recording,anesthetized rats had an OPM positioned on their head within a magnetic shield,undergoing two 15-minute sessions:a 5-minute baseline followed by a 10-minute mechanical stimulation phase.Data analysis included artifact removal and time-frequency analysis of spontaneous brain activity using accumulated spectrograms,generating spectrograms focused on the 4-30 Hz frequency range.Results MEG recordings in anesthetized rats during resting states and hind paw mechanical stimulation were compared,before and after saline/CFA injections.Mechanical stimulation elevated alpha activity in both male and female rats pre-and post-saline/CFA injections.Saline/CFA injections augmented average power in both sexes compared to pre-injection states.Remarkably,female rats exhibited higher average spectral power 1 h after CFA injection than after saline injection during resting states.Furthermore,despite comparable pain thresholds measured by classical pain behavioral tests post-CFA treatment,female rats displayed higher average power than males in the resting state after CFA injection.Conclusion These results imply an enhanced perception of inflammatory pain in female rats compared to their male counterparts.Our study exhibits sex differences in alpha activities following CFA injection,highlighting heightened brain alpha activity in female rats during acute inflammatory pain in the resting state.Our study provides a method for OPM-based MEG recordings to be used to study brain activity in anaesthetized animals.In addition,the findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of pain-related neural activity and pain sex differences.
文摘To investigate the applicability of four commonly used color difference formulas(CIELAB,CIE94,CMC(1:1),and CIEDE2000)in the printing field on 3D objects,as well as the impact of four standard light sources(D65,D50,A,and TL84)on 3D color difference evaluations,50 glossy spheres with a diameter of 2cm based on the Sailner J4003D color printing device were created.These spheres were centered around the five recommended colors(gray,red,yellow,green,and blue)by CIE.Color difference was calculated according to the four formulas,and 111 pairs of experimental samples meeting the CIELAB gray scale color difference requirements(1.0-14.0)were selected.Ten observers,aged between 22 and 27 with normal color vision,were participated in this study,using the gray scale method from psychophysical experiments to conduct color difference evaluations under the four light sources,with repeated experiments for each observer.The results indicated that the overall effect of the D65 light source on 3D objects color difference was minimal.In contrast,D50 and A light sources had a significant impact within the small color difference range,while the TL84 light source influenced both large and small color difference considerably.Among the four color difference formulas,CIEDE2000 demonstrated the best predictive performance for color difference in 3D objects,followed by CMC(1:1),CIE94,and CIELAB.
基金Supported by Shanxi Province Natural Science Research(202203021212249)Special/Youth Foundation of Taiyuan University of Technology(2022QN101)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12301556)Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2021-029)International Cooperation Base and Platform Project of Shanxi Province(202104041101019)Basic Research Plan of Shanxi Province(202203021211129)。
文摘To enhance the computational efficiency of spatio-temporally discretized phase-field models,we present a high-speed solver specifically designed for the Poisson equations,a component frequently used in the numerical computation of such models.This efficient solver employs algorithms based on discrete cosine transformations(DCT)or discrete sine transformations(DST)and is not restricted by any spatio-temporal schemes.Our proposed methodology is appropriate for a variety of phase-field models and is especially efficient when combined with flow field systems.Meanwhile,this study has conducted an extensive numerical comparison and found that employing DCT and DST techniques not only yields results comparable to those obtained via the Multigrid(MG)method,a conventional approach used in the resolution of the Poisson equations,but also enhances computational efficiency by over 90%.
文摘This paper describes male-female differences in speech behavior from the following aspects: their different attitudes towards public speaking and private speaking; their different attitudes towards public details and private details; their different purposes towards troubles; their different attitudes towards asking information. Then this paper presents explanations for male-female differences in speech behavior from social point of view and anthropological point of view.
文摘Mistakes occur here and there when Chinese learners of English apply the foreign language in practice. This paper analyzes some common mistakes derived from cultural differences and tries to illustrate that language, as a part of culture should be taught and learnt as an integral part of learning about the target culture so that learners can gain a full understanding and good command of the foreign language.
文摘This paper analyzes cultural differences of English and Chinese in terms of Seven Types of Meaning . It proceeds from the theory of Leech’s Seven Types of meaning , then comparatively illustrates with analysis of each type of meaning and cultural differences. And concludes with the cause of cultural differences and problems of it in cross-cultural communication with the hope that Chinese student could avoid Chinglish in learning and both Chinese and foreigners could avoid cultural shock when communicating with each other.
基金Project(51178100)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(1105007001)supported by the Foundation of the Priority Academic Development Program of Higher Education Institute of Jiangsu Province,ChinaProject(3205001205)supported by the Teaching and Research Foundation for Excellent Young Teachers of Southeast University,China
文摘The extreme temperature differences in fiat steel box girder of a cable-stayed bridge were studied.Firstly,by using the long-term measurement data collected by the structural health monitoring system installed on the Runyang Cable-stayed Bridge,the daily variations as well as seasonal ones of measured temperature differences in the box girder cross-section area were summarized.The probability distribution models of temperature differences were further established and the extreme temperature differences were estimated with a return period of 100 years.Finally,the temperature difference models in cross-section area were proposed for bridge thermal design.The results show that horizontal temperature differences in top plate and vertical temperature differences between top plate and bottom plate are considerable.All the positive and negative temperature differences can be described by the weighted sum of two Weibull distributions.The maximum positive and negative horizontal temperature differences in top plate are 10.30 ℃ and -13.80 ℃,respectively.And the maximum positive and negative vertical temperature differences between top plate and bottom plate are 17.30 ℃ and-3.70 ℃,respectively.For bridge thermal design,there are two vertical temperature difference models between top plate and bottom plate,and six horizontal temperature difference models in top plate.
基金Major teaching reform project of Tianjin Agricultural University:College English Module Teaching Practice Research,Project number:2017-E-00
文摘Cultural philosophy refers to the study of cultural principles with philosophical viewpoints and methods to form a theoretical system of cultural views and cultural activities.It mainly discusses the history and development of culture,the motive force and conditions of culture,the role of tradition in social history,the comparison of various cultures,and the conflict and blending of cultures.This paper attempts to explore an effective way to integrate the two modes of thinking of Chinese and Western cultural philosophy through a comparative analysis of the differences and identity between Chinese and Western cultural philosophy.The study of cultural identity and differences between China and Western countries has a certain practical significance for cross-cultural communication in China.
基金a phased achievement for a school-level teaching reform research project of A Curriculum Design for Cultivating Cross-culture Critical Thinking English Proficiency Based on PBL,Taiyuan Normal University(JGLX1838)
文摘People with various cultural backgrounds and habits have different modes of thinking,making it difficult to communicate between different cultures. Based on culture,thinking and their relationship,this paper analyzes the differences between Chinese and the Western cultures to find the solutions to the problem of how to use the differences to establish international mind and global vision to achieve"cultural confidence".
基金Tianjin Development Foundation of Science and Technology and International Cooperation Foundation(033803511,033803511G)Tianjin Higher Educational Development Foundation(2004BA31)
文摘The genetic differences of 15 mitten crab populations from 6 river systems in China's Mainland and 1 population from Russia were studied based on RFLP analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I （CO I）. The results showed that Tas I-RFLP pattern could be used as a genetic marker to distinguish Eriocheir hepuensis from Eriocheir sinensis, Eriocheirjaponica and Eriocheir leptognathus; genetic distances among 13 populations of Eriocheir sinensis range from 0 to 0.015, indicating that they were different geographic strains; the subspecies status of Eriocheir sinensis and Eriocheir hepuensis （population from Nanliujiang） were considered owning to their genetic distances of 0.02-0.044, indicating that genetic divergence between them was low; Eriocheir leptognathus （population from Nanpaihe, Tianjin） was the most distant taxon with genetic distances value of 0.147-0.195, which could be defined as genetic distances between species in genus Eriocheir.
基金Supported by Science of China University Journals(CUJS2021-027)China Agricultural Journals Website 2021(CAJW2021-033)。
文摘China's food security mainly depends on the core areas of food production.Under the dual constraints of resource scarcity and environmental degradation,improving the grain production efficiency of the main grain-producing areas has become the fundamental way to strengthen the grain production capacity and improve the national food security capability,and to improve the efficiency of grain production in major grain-producing areas requires empirical support.This paper used the Super SBM model and the Malmquist index to measure the grain production efficiency of the main grain-producing areas from 2001 to 2020 from both static and dynamic perspectives,and compared the differences in grain production efficiency among different soil types and different provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas.The results showed that from 2001 to 2020,the grain production in the main grain-producing areas was in a relatively ineffective state,and the differences in grain production efficiency among different soil types and different provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas were obvious.The order of grain production efficiency in different soil types was black soil region>red-yellow soil region>paddy soil region>fluvo-aquic soil region,and the order of grain production efficiency of the provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas was Jilin>Heilongjiang>Inner Mongolia>Jiangxi>Hunan>Sichuan>Hubei>Jiangsu>Liaoning>Henan>Anhui>Shandong>Hebei.From 2001 to 2020,the total factor productivity of grain in the main grain-producing areas increased,but due to the trade-off between the technological progress and the growth of technical efficiency,the increase in the total factor productivity of grain in the main grain-producing areas was small,and the growth mainly came from the increase of input factors in this period.The total factor productivity of grain in Hebei,Heilongjiang,Liaoning,Jilin,Inner Mongolia,Shandong,Jiangsu,Henan and Anhui increased,but the increase was small,while the total factor productivity of grain in Jiangxi,Sichuan,Hunan and Hubei provinces declined.
基金This work was supported by grants fromthe China National Basic Research Program(2004CB117306)
文摘Cotton is the major dominant natural fiber crop on the earth.Although some current cotton genetics and breeding programs had made great progresses in cotton lint yield increases and disease resistance(tolerance),fiber quality has little improvement.Global understanding genes expression
文摘Due to differences in value orientation,thinking model and other aspects of social norms,it is difficult to completely avoid cultural collision and conflict betw een cross-cultural communications. As an important channel of inter- cultural communication,verbal communication w ill vary depending on different gender styles. T he analysis of the impact of gender discourse on human activity in a specific context and the explanations of different discourse style can be helpful in better understanding the communicative behavior of human beings. Based on this,this paper makes a study of the gender differences in discourse style in the context of inter- cultural communication,first explaining several relevant concepts,and then discussing several gender differences in discourse style and the cultural reasons in inter- cultural communication attribution,last presenting some proposals for promoting gender cross- cultural communication.
