Objective Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties with communication and social interaction,restricted and repetitive behaviors.Previous studies have indicated that...Objective Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties with communication and social interaction,restricted and repetitive behaviors.Previous studies have indicated that individuals with ASD exhibit early and lifelong attention deficits,which are closely related to the core symptoms of ASD.Basic visual attention processes may provide a critical foundation for their social communication and interaction abilities.Therefore,this study explores the behavior of children with ASD in capturing attention to changes in topological properties.Methods Our study recruited twenty-seven ASD children diagnosed by professional clinicians according to DSM-5 and twenty-eight typically developing(TD)age-matched controls.In an attention capture task,we recorded the saccadic behaviors of children with ASD and TD in response to topological change(TC)and non-topological change(nTC)stimuli.Saccadic reaction time(SRT),visual search time(VS),and first fixation dwell time(FFDT)were used as indicators of attentional bias.Pearson correlation tests between the clinical assessment scales and attentional bias were conducted.Results This study found that TD children had significantly faster SRT(P<0.05)and VS(P<0.05)for the TC stimuli compared to the nTC stimuli,while the children with ASD did not exhibit significant differences in either measure(P>0.05).Additionally,ASD children demonstrated significantly less attention towards the TC targets(measured by FFDT),in comparison to TD children(P<0.05).Furthermore,ASD children exhibited a significant negative linear correlation between their attentional bias(measured by VS)and their scores on the compulsive subscale(P<0.05).Conclusion The results suggest that children with ASD have difficulty shifting their attention to objects with topological changes during change detection.This atypical attention may affect the child’s cognitive and behavioral development,thereby impacting their social communication and interaction.In sum,our findings indicate that difficulties in attentional capture by TC may be a key feature of ASD.展开更多
Objective:Active and passive smoking are common environmental risk factors,but there is no definite conclusion about their effects on relapse and disability progression in multiple sclerosis(MS)and neuromyelitis optic...Objective:Active and passive smoking are common environmental risk factors,but there is no definite conclusion about their effects on relapse and disability progression in multiple sclerosis(MS)and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD).Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study.Patients were included from four centers.Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the clinical database,while data involving environmental exposures during daily life,relapse,and disability progression were obtained through telephone follow-up interviews.Determinants of relapse were assessed by Cox proportional models,and disability progression was assessed by linear regression.Kaplan‒Meier survival was used to estimate relapse within five years after the first attack.Results:A total of 130 MS patients and 318 NMOSD patients were included in this study,and females accounted for 60%and 79.6%,respectively.MS patients with an active smoking history had a higher risk of relapse,for which the association became borderline significant after accounting for covariates(aHR=1.52,95%CI=1.00,2.31;p=0.052).The relapse risk between ever-smokers who smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day and smokers who smoked less than 10 cigarettes per day was not significantly different(aHR=0.96,95%CI=0.63,1.47;p=0.859).However,exposure to passive smoking was associated with a reduced risk of MS relapse(aHR=0.75,95%CI=0.56,1.00;p=0.044)compared with never-exposed patients.No associations were observed between active smoking/passive smoking and the risk of NMOSD relapse,but patients with a history of smoking were associated with a lower annual progression rate by Expanded Disability Status Scale(EDSS)(aβ=−0.20,95%CI=−0.38,−0.01;p=0.036)and Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score(MSSS)(aβ=−0.23,95%CI=−0.44,−0.03;p=0.028).Conclusion:Our research shows that active smoking increases the relapse risk of MS and has a negative impact on disability progression;thus,smoking cessation should be encouraged.展开更多
Wideband spectrum sensing with a high-speed analog-digital converter(ADC) presents a challenge for practical systems.The Nyquist folding receiver(NYFR) is a promising scheme for achieving cost-effective real-time spec...Wideband spectrum sensing with a high-speed analog-digital converter(ADC) presents a challenge for practical systems.The Nyquist folding receiver(NYFR) is a promising scheme for achieving cost-effective real-time spectrum sensing,which is subject to the complexity of processing the modulated outputs.In this case,a multipath NYFR architecture with a step-sampling rate for the different paths is proposed.The different numbers of digital channels for each path are designed based on the Chinese remainder theorem(CRT).Then,the detectable frequency range is divided into multiple frequency grids,and the Nyquist zone(NZ) of the input can be obtained by sensing these grids.Thus,high-precision parameter estimation is performed by utilizing the NYFR characteristics.Compared with the existing methods,the scheme proposed in this paper overcomes the challenge of NZ estimation,information damage,many computations,low accuracy,and high false alarm probability.Comparative simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture in this paper.展开更多
Higher order spectral analysis can be used to identify nonlinearities in the complex dynamical systems.This proposal shows that the contributions of the bispectrum,trispectrum,reconstructed bispectrum and reconstructe...Higher order spectral analysis can be used to identify nonlinearities in the complex dynamical systems.This proposal shows that the contributions of the bispectrum,trispectrum,reconstructed bispectrum and reconstructed power spectrum in terms of the system frequency response function and elementary physical properties of the MR damping system.Subsequent estimates of the HOS based on the output stochastic oscillating signals appear distinct variation.An experimental platform for MR vibrating semi-active control is built,proper simplifications are presented,an AR(10) model is established with colored noises from the output signals.Comparison between power spectrum from second order moment function and bispectrum,trispectrum are taken.The later gives an indication of the correlation between the phases of different frequency components.Since time series model is a parametric model,the reconstructed bispectrum and power spectrum are smooth.It is demonstrated that the higher order spectra are effectively for recognition and description of nonlinear systems.展开更多
Cognitive radio（CR） technology is considered to be an effective solution to allocate spectrum resources,whereas the primary users of a network do not fully utilize available frequency bands.Spectrum auction framewor...Cognitive radio（CR） technology is considered to be an effective solution to allocate spectrum resources,whereas the primary users of a network do not fully utilize available frequency bands.Spectrum auction framework has been recognized as an effective way to achieve dynamic spectrum access.From the perspective of spectrum auction,multi-band multi-user auction provides a new challenge for spectrum management.This paper proposes an auction framework based on location information for multi-band multi-user spectrum allocation.The performance of the proposed framework is compared with that of traditional auction framework based on a binary interference model as a benchmark.Simulation results show that primary users will obtain more total system revenue by selling their idle frequency bands to secondary users and the spectrum utilization of the proposed framework is more effective and fairer.展开更多
The algorithm of dense spectrum correction has been raised and proved based on the correction of discrete spectrum by fast Fourier transform.The result of simulation shows that such algorithm has advantages of high ac...The algorithm of dense spectrum correction has been raised and proved based on the correction of discrete spectrum by fast Fourier transform.The result of simulation shows that such algorithm has advantages of high accuracy and small amount of calculation.The algorithm has been successfully applied to the analysis of vibration signals from internal combustion engine.To calculate discrete spectrum,fast Fourier transform has been used to calculate the discrete spectrum by the signals acquired by the sensors on the oil pan,and the signal has been extracted from the mixed signals.展开更多
In cognitive radio network(CRN), a secondary user(SU) may utilize the spectrum resource of the primary user(PU) and avoid causing harmful interference to the primary network(PN) via spectrum sensing. In the traditiona...In cognitive radio network(CRN), a secondary user(SU) may utilize the spectrum resource of the primary user(PU) and avoid causing harmful interference to the primary network(PN) via spectrum sensing. In the traditional time spectrum sensing, the SU cannot detect the PU's presence during its transmission, thus increasing interference to the PN. In this work, a novel weighed cooperative bandwidth spectrum sensing method is proposed, which allows multiple SUs to use part of the bandwidth to perform cooperative spectrum sensing throughout the whole frame in order to detect the PU's reappearance in time. The SU's spectrum efficiency is maximized by jointly optimizing sensing bandwidth proportion, number of cooperative SUs and detection probability, subject to the constraints on the SU's interference and the false alarm probability. Simulation results show significant decrease on the interference and improvement on the spectrum efficiency using the proposed weighed cooperative bandwidth spectrum sensing method.展开更多
In the seismic safety evaluation (SSE) for key projects, the probability-consistent spectrum (PCS), usually obtained from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), is not consistent with the design response spectr...In the seismic safety evaluation (SSE) for key projects, the probability-consistent spectrum (PCS), usually obtained from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), is not consistent with the design response spectrum given by Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB50011-2001). Sometimes, there may be a remarkable difference be-tween them. If the PCS is lower than the corresponding code design response spectrum (CDS), the seismic fortifi-cation criterion for the key projects would be lower than that for the general industry and civil buildings. In the paper, the relation between PCS and CDS is discussed by using the ideal simple potential seismic source. The re-sults show that in the most areas influenced mainly by the potential sources of the epicentral earthquakes and the regional earthquakes, PCS is generally lower than CDS in the long periods. We point out that the long-period re-sponse spectra of the code should be further studied and combined with the probability method of seismic zoning as much as possible. Because of the uncertainties in SSE, it should be prudent to use the long-period response spectra given by SSE for key projects when they are lower than CDS.展开更多
In order to avoid the system performance deterioration caused by the wireless fading channel and imperfect channel estimation in cognitive radio networks, the spectrum sharing problem with the consideration of feedbac...In order to avoid the system performance deterioration caused by the wireless fading channel and imperfect channel estimation in cognitive radio networks, the spectrum sharing problem with the consideration of feedback control information from the primary user is analyzed. An improved spectrum sharing algorithm based on the combination of the feedback control information and the optimization algorithm is proposed. The relaxation method is used to achieve the approximate spectrum sharing model, and the spectrum sharing strategy that satisfies the individual outage probability constraints can be obtained iteratively with the observed outage probability. Simulation results show that the proposed spectrum sharing algorithm can achieve the spectrum sharing strategy that satisfies the outage probability constraints and reduce the average outage probability without causing maximum transmission rate reduction of the secondary user.展开更多
Carrier frequency and symbol rate estimation are the main contents of parameter estimation,which is the basis of modulation recognition and further processing of signals especially in non-cooperative communication.Wit...Carrier frequency and symbol rate estimation are the main contents of parameter estimation,which is the basis of modulation recognition and further processing of signals especially in non-cooperative communication.With the development of wireless communication,the signal transmission environment has become increasingly bad,causing more difficulties in parameter estimation.It is well known that the signal cycle spectrum is robust to noises and signal parameters are closely related.In practice,it is impossible to calculate the cyclic spectrum of infinite length data signals.When using finite length data to obtain a cycle spectrum,the truncation noise is induced,resulting in interference.It is necessary to overcome the influence of noises in order to improve the detection ability of discrete spectral lines.An improved method of the discrete spectral line extraction algorithm is proposed by reflecting the amplitude advantage of discrete spectral lines through salient features of continuous noises in discrete spectral line neighborhood.展开更多
In order to solve discrete multi-objective optimization problems, a non-dominated sorting quantum particle swarm optimization (NSQPSO) based on non-dominated sorting and quantum particle swarm optimization is proposed...In order to solve discrete multi-objective optimization problems, a non-dominated sorting quantum particle swarm optimization (NSQPSO) based on non-dominated sorting and quantum particle swarm optimization is proposed, and the performance of the NSQPSO is evaluated through five classical benchmark functions. The quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) applies the quantum computing theory to particle swarm optimization, and thus has the advantages of both quantum computing theory and particle swarm optimization, so it has a faster convergence rate and a more accurate convergence value. Therefore, QPSO is used as the evolutionary method of the proposed NSQPSO. Also NSQPSO is used to solve cognitive radio spectrum allocation problem. The methods to complete spectrum allocation in previous literature only consider one objective, i.e. network utilization or fairness, but the proposed NSQPSO method, can consider both network utilization and fairness simultaneously through obtaining Pareto front solutions. Cognitive radio systems can select one solution from the Pareto front solutions according to the weight of network reward and fairness. If one weight is unit and the other is zero, then it becomes single objective optimization, so the proposed NSQPSO method has a much wider application range. The experimental research results show that the NSQPS can obtain the same non-dominated solutions as exhaustive search but takes much less time in small dimensions; while in large dimensions, where the problem cannot be solved by exhaustive search, the NSQPSO can still solve the problem, which proves the effectiveness of NSQPSO.展开更多
To deal with the non-Caussian noise in standard 2-D SAR images, the deramped signal in imaging plane, and the possible symmetric distribution of complex noise, the fourth-order cumulant of complex process is introduce...To deal with the non-Caussian noise in standard 2-D SAR images, the deramped signal in imaging plane, and the possible symmetric distribution of complex noise, the fourth-order cumulant of complex process is introduced into SAR tomography. With the estimated AR parameters of ARMA model of noise through Yule-Walker equation, the signal series of height is pre-filtered. Then, through ESPRIT, the spectrum is obtained and the aperture in height direction is synthesized. Finally, the SAR tomography imaging of scene is achieved. The results of processing on signal with non-Gaussian noise demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method. The tomography imaging of the scenes shows that the higher-order spectrum analysis is feasible in the application.展开更多
To solve discrete optimization difficulty of the spectrum allocation problem,a membrane-inspired quantum shuffled frog leaping（MQSFL） algorithm is proposed.The proposed MQSFL algorithm applies the theory of membrane...To solve discrete optimization difficulty of the spectrum allocation problem,a membrane-inspired quantum shuffled frog leaping（MQSFL） algorithm is proposed.The proposed MQSFL algorithm applies the theory of membrane computing and quantum computing to the shuffled frog leaping algorithm,which is an effective discrete optimization algorithm.Then the proposed MQSFL algorithm is used to solve the spectrum allocation problem of cognitive radio systems.By hybridizing the quantum frog colony optimization and membrane computing,the quantum state and observation state of the quantum frogs can be well evolved within the membrane structure.The novel spectrum allocation algorithm can search the global optimal solution within a reasonable computation time.Simulation results for three utility functions of a cognitive radio system are provided to show that the MQSFL spectrum allocation method is superior to some previous spectrum allocation algorithms based on intelligence computing.展开更多
This study proposes a novel multi-fractal spectrumbasedapproach to distinguish linear block codes from its selfsynchronousscrambled codes. Given that the linear block codeand self-synchronous scrambled linear block co...This study proposes a novel multi-fractal spectrumbasedapproach to distinguish linear block codes from its selfsynchronousscrambled codes. Given that the linear block codeand self-synchronous scrambled linear block code share the propertyof linear correlation, the existing linear correlation-basedidentification method is invalid for this case. This drawback can becircumvented by introducing a novel multi-fractal spectrum-basedmethod. Simulation results show that the new method has highrobustness and under the same conditions of bit error, the lowerthe code rate, the higher the recognition rate. Thus, the methodhas significant potential for future application in engineering.展开更多
A schematic to make the spectra of the exterior noise of high speed railway was put forward. The exterior noise spectrum was defined based on the characteristics of the high-speed train exterior noise. Its characteris...A schematic to make the spectra of the exterior noise of high speed railway was put forward. The exterior noise spectrum was defined based on the characteristics of the high-speed train exterior noise. Its characteristics considered here include identifying the exterior main sources and their locations, their frequency components including the Doppler effect due to the noise sources moving at high speed, the sound field intensity around the train in high-speed operation, the sound radiation path out of the train, and the pressure level and frequency components of the noise at the measuring points specified by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO). The characteristics of the high-speed train exterior noise of the high speed railways in operation were introduced. The advanced measuring systems and their principles for clearly indentifying the exterior noise sources were discussed in detail. Based on the concerned noise results measured at sites, a prediction model was developed to calculate the sound level and the characteristics of the exterior noise at any point where it is difficult to measure and to help to make the exterior noise spectrums. This model was also verified with the test results. The verification shows that there is a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results.展开更多
The spectrum sharing problem between primary and cognitive users is mainly investigated. Since the interference for primary users and the total power for cognitive users are constrained, based on the well-known water-...The spectrum sharing problem between primary and cognitive users is mainly investigated. Since the interference for primary users and the total power for cognitive users are constrained, based on the well-known water-filling theorem, a novel one-user water-filling algorithm is proposed, and then the corresponding simulation results are given to analyze the feasibility and validity. After that this algorithm is used to solve the communication utility optimization problem subject to the power constraints in cognitive radio network. First, through the gain to noise ratio for cognitive users, a subcarrier and power allocation algorithm based on the optimal frequency partition is proposed for two cognitive users. Then the spectrum sharing algorithm is extended to multiuser conditions such that the greedy and parallel algorithms are proposed for spectrum sharing. Theory and simulation analysis show that the subcarrier and power allocation algorithms can not only protect the primary users but also effectively solve the spectrum and power allocation problem for cognitive users.展开更多
The amplitude of frequency spectrum can he integrated with prohabilisfic data association （PDA） to distinguish the target with clutter echoes, especially in low SNR underwater environment. A new target-tracking algo...The amplitude of frequency spectrum can he integrated with prohabilisfic data association （PDA） to distinguish the target with clutter echoes, especially in low SNR underwater environment. A new target-tracking algorithm is presented which adopts the amplitude of frequency spectrum to improve target tracking in clutter. The prohabilisfic density distribution of frequency spectrum amplitude is analyzed. By simulation, the results show that the algorithm is superior to PDA. This approach enhances stability for the association probability and increases the performance of target tracking.展开更多
文摘Objective Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties with communication and social interaction,restricted and repetitive behaviors.Previous studies have indicated that individuals with ASD exhibit early and lifelong attention deficits,which are closely related to the core symptoms of ASD.Basic visual attention processes may provide a critical foundation for their social communication and interaction abilities.Therefore,this study explores the behavior of children with ASD in capturing attention to changes in topological properties.Methods Our study recruited twenty-seven ASD children diagnosed by professional clinicians according to DSM-5 and twenty-eight typically developing(TD)age-matched controls.In an attention capture task,we recorded the saccadic behaviors of children with ASD and TD in response to topological change(TC)and non-topological change(nTC)stimuli.Saccadic reaction time(SRT),visual search time(VS),and first fixation dwell time(FFDT)were used as indicators of attentional bias.Pearson correlation tests between the clinical assessment scales and attentional bias were conducted.Results This study found that TD children had significantly faster SRT(P<0.05)and VS(P<0.05)for the TC stimuli compared to the nTC stimuli,while the children with ASD did not exhibit significant differences in either measure(P>0.05).Additionally,ASD children demonstrated significantly less attention towards the TC targets(measured by FFDT),in comparison to TD children(P<0.05).Furthermore,ASD children exhibited a significant negative linear correlation between their attentional bias(measured by VS)and their scores on the compulsive subscale(P<0.05).Conclusion The results suggest that children with ASD have difficulty shifting their attention to objects with topological changes during change detection.This atypical attention may affect the child’s cognitive and behavioral development,thereby impacting their social communication and interaction.In sum,our findings indicate that difficulties in attentional capture by TC may be a key feature of ASD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A20357)Program for Innovative Research Team of the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC。
文摘Objective:Active and passive smoking are common environmental risk factors,but there is no definite conclusion about their effects on relapse and disability progression in multiple sclerosis(MS)and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD).Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study.Patients were included from four centers.Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the clinical database,while data involving environmental exposures during daily life,relapse,and disability progression were obtained through telephone follow-up interviews.Determinants of relapse were assessed by Cox proportional models,and disability progression was assessed by linear regression.Kaplan‒Meier survival was used to estimate relapse within five years after the first attack.Results:A total of 130 MS patients and 318 NMOSD patients were included in this study,and females accounted for 60%and 79.6%,respectively.MS patients with an active smoking history had a higher risk of relapse,for which the association became borderline significant after accounting for covariates(aHR=1.52,95%CI=1.00,2.31;p=0.052).The relapse risk between ever-smokers who smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day and smokers who smoked less than 10 cigarettes per day was not significantly different(aHR=0.96,95%CI=0.63,1.47;p=0.859).However,exposure to passive smoking was associated with a reduced risk of MS relapse(aHR=0.75,95%CI=0.56,1.00;p=0.044)compared with never-exposed patients.No associations were observed between active smoking/passive smoking and the risk of NMOSD relapse,but patients with a history of smoking were associated with a lower annual progression rate by Expanded Disability Status Scale(EDSS)(aβ=−0.20,95%CI=−0.38,−0.01;p=0.036)and Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score(MSSS)(aβ=−0.23,95%CI=−0.44,−0.03;p=0.028).Conclusion:Our research shows that active smoking increases the relapse risk of MS and has a negative impact on disability progression;thus,smoking cessation should be encouraged.
基金supported by the Key Projects of the 2022 National Defense Science and Technology Foundation Strengthening Plan 173 (Grant No.2022-173ZD-010)the Equipment PreResearch Foundation of The State Key Laboratory (Grant No.6142101200204)。
文摘Wideband spectrum sensing with a high-speed analog-digital converter(ADC) presents a challenge for practical systems.The Nyquist folding receiver(NYFR) is a promising scheme for achieving cost-effective real-time spectrum sensing,which is subject to the complexity of processing the modulated outputs.In this case,a multipath NYFR architecture with a step-sampling rate for the different paths is proposed.The different numbers of digital channels for each path are designed based on the Chinese remainder theorem(CRT).Then,the detectable frequency range is divided into multiple frequency grids,and the Nyquist zone(NZ) of the input can be obtained by sensing these grids.Thus,high-precision parameter estimation is performed by utilizing the NYFR characteristics.Compared with the existing methods,the scheme proposed in this paper overcomes the challenge of NZ estimation,information damage,many computations,low accuracy,and high false alarm probability.Comparative simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture in this paper.
基金Project(A0610020) supported by the Natural Science of Fujian Province of China
文摘Higher order spectral analysis can be used to identify nonlinearities in the complex dynamical systems.This proposal shows that the contributions of the bispectrum,trispectrum,reconstructed bispectrum and reconstructed power spectrum in terms of the system frequency response function and elementary physical properties of the MR damping system.Subsequent estimates of the HOS based on the output stochastic oscillating signals appear distinct variation.An experimental platform for MR vibrating semi-active control is built,proper simplifications are presented,an AR(10) model is established with colored noises from the output signals.Comparison between power spectrum from second order moment function and bispectrum,trispectrum are taken.The later gives an indication of the correlation between the phases of different frequency components.Since time series model is a parametric model,the reconstructed bispectrum and power spectrum are smooth.It is demonstrated that the higher order spectra are effectively for recognition and description of nonlinear systems.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China (4102050)
文摘Cognitive radio（CR） technology is considered to be an effective solution to allocate spectrum resources,whereas the primary users of a network do not fully utilize available frequency bands.Spectrum auction framework has been recognized as an effective way to achieve dynamic spectrum access.From the perspective of spectrum auction,multi-band multi-user auction provides a new challenge for spectrum management.This paper proposes an auction framework based on location information for multi-band multi-user spectrum allocation.The performance of the proposed framework is compared with that of traditional auction framework based on a binary interference model as a benchmark.Simulation results show that primary users will obtain more total system revenue by selling their idle frequency bands to secondary users and the spectrum utilization of the proposed framework is more effective and fairer.
基金Project(51176045) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The algorithm of dense spectrum correction has been raised and proved based on the correction of discrete spectrum by fast Fourier transform.The result of simulation shows that such algorithm has advantages of high accuracy and small amount of calculation.The algorithm has been successfully applied to the analysis of vibration signals from internal combustion engine.To calculate discrete spectrum,fast Fourier transform has been used to calculate the discrete spectrum by the signals acquired by the sensors on the oil pan,and the signal has been extracted from the mixed signals.
基金Project(61471194)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(BK20140828)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,ChinaProjects(NS2015088,DUT16RC(3)045)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘In cognitive radio network(CRN), a secondary user(SU) may utilize the spectrum resource of the primary user(PU) and avoid causing harmful interference to the primary network(PN) via spectrum sensing. In the traditional time spectrum sensing, the SU cannot detect the PU's presence during its transmission, thus increasing interference to the PN. In this work, a novel weighed cooperative bandwidth spectrum sensing method is proposed, which allows multiple SUs to use part of the bandwidth to perform cooperative spectrum sensing throughout the whole frame in order to detect the PU's reappearance in time. The SU's spectrum efficiency is maximized by jointly optimizing sensing bandwidth proportion, number of cooperative SUs and detection probability, subject to the constraints on the SU's interference and the false alarm probability. Simulation results show significant decrease on the interference and improvement on the spectrum efficiency using the proposed weighed cooperative bandwidth spectrum sensing method.
基金Shanghai Science & Technology Development Foundation (022512065) and Shanghai Construction Technology Development Foundation (A0206101).
文摘In the seismic safety evaluation (SSE) for key projects, the probability-consistent spectrum (PCS), usually obtained from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), is not consistent with the design response spectrum given by Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB50011-2001). Sometimes, there may be a remarkable difference be-tween them. If the PCS is lower than the corresponding code design response spectrum (CDS), the seismic fortifi-cation criterion for the key projects would be lower than that for the general industry and civil buildings. In the paper, the relation between PCS and CDS is discussed by using the ideal simple potential seismic source. The re-sults show that in the most areas influenced mainly by the potential sources of the epicentral earthquakes and the regional earthquakes, PCS is generally lower than CDS in the long periods. We point out that the long-period re-sponse spectra of the code should be further studied and combined with the probability method of seismic zoning as much as possible. Because of the uncertainties in SSE, it should be prudent to use the long-period response spectra given by SSE for key projects when they are lower than CDS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61073183)the Natural Science Foundation for the Youth of Heilongjiang Province (QC2012C070)
文摘In order to avoid the system performance deterioration caused by the wireless fading channel and imperfect channel estimation in cognitive radio networks, the spectrum sharing problem with the consideration of feedback control information from the primary user is analyzed. An improved spectrum sharing algorithm based on the combination of the feedback control information and the optimization algorithm is proposed. The relaxation method is used to achieve the approximate spectrum sharing model, and the spectrum sharing strategy that satisfies the individual outage probability constraints can be obtained iteratively with the observed outage probability. Simulation results show that the proposed spectrum sharing algorithm can achieve the spectrum sharing strategy that satisfies the outage probability constraints and reduce the average outage probability without causing maximum transmission rate reduction of the secondary user.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFB0800203)
文摘Carrier frequency and symbol rate estimation are the main contents of parameter estimation,which is the basis of modulation recognition and further processing of signals especially in non-cooperative communication.With the development of wireless communication,the signal transmission environment has become increasingly bad,causing more difficulties in parameter estimation.It is well known that the signal cycle spectrum is robust to noises and signal parameters are closely related.In practice,it is impossible to calculate the cyclic spectrum of infinite length data signals.When using finite length data to obtain a cycle spectrum,the truncation noise is induced,resulting in interference.It is necessary to overcome the influence of noises in order to improve the detection ability of discrete spectral lines.An improved method of the discrete spectral line extraction algorithm is proposed by reflecting the amplitude advantage of discrete spectral lines through salient features of continuous noises in discrete spectral line neighborhood.
基金Foundation item： Projects（61102106, 61102105） supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project（2013M530148） supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project（HEUCF120806） supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China
文摘In order to solve discrete multi-objective optimization problems, a non-dominated sorting quantum particle swarm optimization (NSQPSO) based on non-dominated sorting and quantum particle swarm optimization is proposed, and the performance of the NSQPSO is evaluated through five classical benchmark functions. The quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) applies the quantum computing theory to particle swarm optimization, and thus has the advantages of both quantum computing theory and particle swarm optimization, so it has a faster convergence rate and a more accurate convergence value. Therefore, QPSO is used as the evolutionary method of the proposed NSQPSO. Also NSQPSO is used to solve cognitive radio spectrum allocation problem. The methods to complete spectrum allocation in previous literature only consider one objective, i.e. network utilization or fairness, but the proposed NSQPSO method, can consider both network utilization and fairness simultaneously through obtaining Pareto front solutions. Cognitive radio systems can select one solution from the Pareto front solutions according to the weight of network reward and fairness. If one weight is unit and the other is zero, then it becomes single objective optimization, so the proposed NSQPSO method has a much wider application range. The experimental research results show that the NSQPS can obtain the same non-dominated solutions as exhaustive search but takes much less time in small dimensions; while in large dimensions, where the problem cannot be solved by exhaustive search, the NSQPSO can still solve the problem, which proves the effectiveness of NSQPSO.
基金supported partly by the New Century Excellent Talents in University(23901019)the Sichuan Provincial Youth Science and Technology Foundation(06ZQ026-006).
文摘To deal with the non-Caussian noise in standard 2-D SAR images, the deramped signal in imaging plane, and the possible symmetric distribution of complex noise, the fourth-order cumulant of complex process is introduced into SAR tomography. With the estimated AR parameters of ARMA model of noise through Yule-Walker equation, the signal series of height is pre-filtered. Then, through ESPRIT, the spectrum is obtained and the aperture in height direction is synthesized. Finally, the SAR tomography imaging of scene is achieved. The results of processing on signal with non-Gaussian noise demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method. The tomography imaging of the scenes shows that the higher-order spectrum analysis is feasible in the application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61102106,61102105)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (HEUCF100801,HEUCFZ1129)
文摘To solve discrete optimization difficulty of the spectrum allocation problem,a membrane-inspired quantum shuffled frog leaping（MQSFL） algorithm is proposed.The proposed MQSFL algorithm applies the theory of membrane computing and quantum computing to the shuffled frog leaping algorithm,which is an effective discrete optimization algorithm.Then the proposed MQSFL algorithm is used to solve the spectrum allocation problem of cognitive radio systems.By hybridizing the quantum frog colony optimization and membrane computing,the quantum state and observation state of the quantum frogs can be well evolved within the membrane structure.The novel spectrum allocation algorithm can search the global optimal solution within a reasonable computation time.Simulation results for three utility functions of a cognitive radio system are provided to show that the MQSFL spectrum allocation method is superior to some previous spectrum allocation algorithms based on intelligence computing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61171170) the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(1408085QF115)
文摘This study proposes a novel multi-fractal spectrumbasedapproach to distinguish linear block codes from its selfsynchronousscrambled codes. Given that the linear block codeand self-synchronous scrambled linear block code share the propertyof linear correlation, the existing linear correlation-basedidentification method is invalid for this case. This drawback can becircumvented by introducing a novel multi-fractal spectrum-basedmethod. Simulation results show that the new method has highrobustness and under the same conditions of bit error, the lowerthe code rate, the higher the recognition rate. Thus, the methodhas significant potential for future application in engineering.
基金Project(2682013BR009)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds of the Central Universities,ChinaProject(2011AA11A103-2-2)the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China
文摘A schematic to make the spectra of the exterior noise of high speed railway was put forward. The exterior noise spectrum was defined based on the characteristics of the high-speed train exterior noise. Its characteristics considered here include identifying the exterior main sources and their locations, their frequency components including the Doppler effect due to the noise sources moving at high speed, the sound field intensity around the train in high-speed operation, the sound radiation path out of the train, and the pressure level and frequency components of the noise at the measuring points specified by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO). The characteristics of the high-speed train exterior noise of the high speed railways in operation were introduced. The advanced measuring systems and their principles for clearly indentifying the exterior noise sources were discussed in detail. Based on the concerned noise results measured at sites, a prediction model was developed to calculate the sound level and the characteristics of the exterior noise at any point where it is difficult to measure and to help to make the exterior noise spectrums. This model was also verified with the test results. The verification shows that there is a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61071104)the National High Technology Research and Development Program(2008AA12Z305)
文摘The spectrum sharing problem between primary and cognitive users is mainly investigated. Since the interference for primary users and the total power for cognitive users are constrained, based on the well-known water-filling theorem, a novel one-user water-filling algorithm is proposed, and then the corresponding simulation results are given to analyze the feasibility and validity. After that this algorithm is used to solve the communication utility optimization problem subject to the power constraints in cognitive radio network. First, through the gain to noise ratio for cognitive users, a subcarrier and power allocation algorithm based on the optimal frequency partition is proposed for two cognitive users. Then the spectrum sharing algorithm is extended to multiuser conditions such that the greedy and parallel algorithms are proposed for spectrum sharing. Theory and simulation analysis show that the subcarrier and power allocation algorithms can not only protect the primary users but also effectively solve the spectrum and power allocation problem for cognitive users.
基金This project was supported by the Defense Pre-Research Project of the‘Tenth Five-Year-Plan’of China (40105010101)
文摘The amplitude of frequency spectrum can he integrated with prohabilisfic data association （PDA） to distinguish the target with clutter echoes, especially in low SNR underwater environment. A new target-tracking algorithm is presented which adopts the amplitude of frequency spectrum to improve target tracking in clutter. The prohabilisfic density distribution of frequency spectrum amplitude is analyzed. By simulation, the results show that the algorithm is superior to PDA. This approach enhances stability for the association probability and increases the performance of target tracking.
