Chronic diabetic wounds,severely complicated by multidrug-resistant(MDR)bacterial infections,represent a profound and escalating global health crisis.The intrinsically hostile microenvironment of diabetic wounds,chara...Chronic diabetic wounds,severely complicated by multidrug-resistant(MDR)bacterial infections,represent a profound and escalating global health crisis.The intrinsically hostile microenvironment of diabetic wounds,characterized by localized hypoxia,persistent oxidative stress,and poor vascularization,creates an ideal niche for opportunistic pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.These bacteria readily construct dense extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)biofilms,which not only physically shield the microbes from host immune responses but also actively trap the wound in a state of chronic,unresolved inflammation.Consequently,conventional systemic and topical antibiotic therapies are becoming increasingly futile,as poor perfusion at the wound site restricts drug bioavailability,while the rapid genetic evolution of bacteria and the impenetrable nature of biofilms lead to catastrophic treatment failures,often culminating in severe tissue necrosis and lowerextremity amputations.To circumvent the limitations of traditional antimicrobials,therapeutic gas delivery has emerged as a highly promising,paradigm-shifting strategy.Gaseous signaling molecules,particularly nitric oxide(NO),carbon monoxide(CO),hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S),and hydrogen(H_(2)),possess unique physicochemical properties that allow them to seamlessly penetrate dense biofilm matrices and cellular membranes.Once inside,these gases operate via multi-targeted mechanisms that are incredibly difficult for bacteria to develop resistance against;for instance,NO induces severe lipid peroxidation and DNA cleavage in bacteria,CO downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines,H_(2)S significantly accelerates endothelial cell migration for neovascularization,and H_(2)acts as a powerful selective antioxidant to neutralize tissue-damaging reactive oxygen species(ROS).Together,these therapeutic gases not only exert broad-spectrum bactericidal effects but also actively reprogram the wound bed by promoting the critical M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization and stimulating angiogenesis.Despite their immense biological potential,the direct clinical translation of gas therapies is severely hindered by inherent physicochemical drawbacks,including extreme volatility,short physiological halflives,poor aqueous solubility,and the high risk of off-target systemic toxicity,if applied indiscriminately.To conquer these immense pharmacokinetic barriers,cutting-edge advancements in materials science have driven the development of gas-releasing micro-and nanoplatforms.Utilizing sophisticated carriers such as metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),mesoporous silica,polymeric nanoparticles,liposomes,and injectable hydrogels,researchers can now encapsulate gas-donor molecules to achieve sustained,localized delivery.More importantly,these advanced nanoplatforms are ingeniously engineered to be stimuli-responsive.By exploiting the pathological hallmarks of the diabetic wound environment,such as elevated glucose concentrations,acidic pH,and overexpressed ROS,or by utilizing external triggers like near-infrared(NIR)light irradiation and ultrasound,these intelligent platforms ensure on-demand,precise spatio-temporal gas release.This often allows for powerful synergistic combinations,such as photothermal or photodynamic therapy coupled with gas release,thereby obliterating biofilms while sparing healthy tissue.While the therapeutic outcomes of these smart delivery systems in eradicating MDR infections and accelerating tissue repair are unprecedented,several critical challenges remain before widespread clinical adoption,as long-term biosafety profiles of the carrier nanomaterials,complexities in large-scale good manufacturing practice(GMP)production,and stringent regulatory hurdles must be rigorously addressed.Looking forward,the next frontier lies in the realm of precision medicine and theranostics,where future research must focus on the seamless integration of these gas-releasing platforms with flexible,wearable biosensors capable of continuously monitoring wound biomarkers(e.g.,pH,temperature,uric acid)in real-time.Coupled with artificial intelligence algorithms to govern automated,closed-loop adaptive dosing,these next-generation smart dressings hold the ultimate potential to comprehensively transform the clinical management of complex,infected diabetic wounds.展开更多
The WSC proteins produced by Penicillium expansum play a crucial role in causing blue mold on pears.To analyze the role of the WSC1 gene in the pathogenic process of this fungal pathogen,we conducted transcriptomic an...The WSC proteins produced by Penicillium expansum play a crucial role in causing blue mold on pears.To analyze the role of the WSC1 gene in the pathogenic process of this fungal pathogen,we conducted transcriptomic analysis of a WSC1 knockout(ΔWSC1)strain.The knockout of WSC1 significantly altered the gene expression profile in P.expansum,particularly for genes involved in cell wall integrity,signaling,stress response,and toxin production.The differential expression of these genes might make theΔWSC1 strain more vulnerable to environmental stress,while reducing the toxin production capacity,ultimately leading to a decrease in the pathogenicity.The transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to stress response signals,defense mechanisms and oxidative stress management changed when pear fruits were infected with theΔWSC1 strain.These changes may trigger a cascade of responses in pear fruits.In addition,compared with those infected with the wild-type strain,pear fruits infected with theΔWSC1 strain exhibited up-regulated expression of genes related to defense and oxidative stress.This study clarifies how the WSC1 gene influences P.expansum’s ability to infect pear fruits and how pear fruits respond to the infection.展开更多
The ultrastructure of porcine kidney(PK)-15 cells was examined after lipofectamine-aided transfection of the molecular clone of the P1 agent.PK-15 cells transfected with the tandem dimer of the P1molecular DNA clone h...The ultrastructure of porcine kidney(PK)-15 cells was examined after lipofectamine-aided transfection of the molecular clone of the P1 agent.PK-15 cells transfected with the tandem dimer of the P1molecular DNA clone had numbers of intracytoplasmic inclusions,and a few cells had intranuclear inclusions.Intracytoplasmic inclusions were round to oval and 0.1-0.3μm in diameter,and intranuclear inclusions,which were more electron dense,were of two general types:the first were round and small(0.1μm approximately)and the second were hexagonal and larger(0.4-0.8μm in diameter).Cells transfected with the tandem dimer of the P1 molecular DNA clone tested positive for P1 DNA at passage 5.This is the first report that the P1 molecular clone has infectivity in vitro and it will provide fundamental materials for further study of the biological characterization of P1.展开更多
In order to study the epidemiological characteristics of cytomegalovirus(CMV)infection in allogeneichematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)recipients by means of plasma real time quantitative polymerasechai...In order to study the epidemiological characteristics of cytomegalovirus(CMV)infection in allogeneichematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)recipients by means of plasma real time quantitative polymerasechain reaction(RQ-PCR),141 adult patients undergoing allo-HSCT between January 2008 and June 2010 were seriallymonitored by RQ-PCR for detecting CMV and guiding the preemptive therapy followed up to 180 days post-HSCT.Theresults showed that the incidence of CMV infection and CMV pneumonia was 81.5%and 2.9%respectively,whichmainly occurred within 2 months post-HSCT.Single-therapy with ganciclovir(GCV)for 63 patients or foscarnet 6patients was performed for preemptive therapy.The total efficacy was 87.8%,and the response patterns were different.CMV infection was more frequent in female patients(P=0.044),and those with aGVHD(P=0.043),using ATG orbasiliximab in conditioning regimens(P=0.049),as well as earlier in patients using ATG or basiliximab or those withaGVHD(P=0.007;P=0.000).The aGVHD,maximum load,positive times of CMV-DNA detection and therapyduration all correlated with the efficacy(P<0.05).It is concluded that the incidence of CMV infection is still high afterHSCT.Plasma RQ-PCR assay for CMV-DNA shows a strong correlation with the clinical outcome of CMV infection,which is useful and suitable for management of CMV infection in HSCT.展开更多
Classical swine fever virus （CSFV） and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV） have caused immense economic loss in the pig industry and are considered to be the two most important infectious d...Classical swine fever virus （CSFV） and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV） have caused immense economic loss in the pig industry and are considered to be the two most important infectious diseases of pigs in the world A multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （multiplex RT-PCR） was developed for CSFV and PRRSV co-infections or infections, respectively. A set of two pairs of primer was designed based on the sequence of nonstructural protein NS54B of CSFV and ORF7 gene of PRRSV. The diagnostic accuracy of multiplex RT-PCR assay was evaluated by using 56 field clinical samples by multiplex RT-PCR, single RT-PCR and sequence analysis; and the specificity of multiplex PCR was verified by using constructed plasmids containing the specific viral target fragments of PRRSV and CSFV, respectively. The results indicated that this assay could reliably differentiate PRRSV and CSFV in co-infection samples. The multiplex RT-PCR developed in this study might provide a new avenue to the rapid the detection of CSFV and PRRSV in one reaction.展开更多
The changes of plasma aminogram were observed prospectively on 95 cases of enteric fistula associated with intra-abdominal infection under the supplement of TPN(total parenteral nutrition) with a conventional balanced...The changes of plasma aminogram were observed prospectively on 95 cases of enteric fistula associated with intra-abdominal infection under the supplement of TPN(total parenteral nutrition) with a conventional balanced nutritional amino acid solution Anfumine 14s (8.5% Tianjin, China). Plasma levels of amino acid and albumin were determined on the day of initiation of TPN and weekly through the Course of nutritional support and the day of termination of TPN or 2-5 days within death. Initial plasma aminograms obtained on the day before the TPN support were of characterics of aminogram of both sepsis and starvation. The initial total amount of plasma free amino acid was lower than normal and gradually elevated to normal range after two weeks TPN supplement in survivors. While in nonsurvivors, the total free amino acid was increased rapidly and reached the peak value at preterminal stage, significantly higher than the normal range. The level of phenylalanine was constantly high through the course of investigation, either in survivors or nonsurvivors. Proline also elevated proportional to the severity of infection, but to a lesser degree In contrast, the plasma ratio of BCAA/AAA (branched-chain amino acids /aromatic amino acids) was lower than normal and the level of arginine was decreased proportional to the severity of infectionAuthors considered that (1) the amino acid solution specific for starved septic patients should contain lower content of phenylalnine and higher amount of BCAA and arginine as compared with the conventional nutritional amino acid solution; (2) constant elevation of plasma phenylalanine and proline associated with progressive decrease of arginine is one of the meaningful predictive criteria for prognosis of septic patients; (3) inappropriate administration of exogeneous amino acids in metabolic decompensated septic patients might do more harm rather than benefit.展开更多
The experiment was conducted to infect one-day old healthy AA chicks with virulent Marek'sdisease virus(MDV).Compared with the uninfected control chicks,it was undertaken to detect theinductive activity of interlu...The experiment was conducted to infect one-day old healthy AA chicks with virulent Marek'sdisease virus(MDV).Compared with the uninfected control chicks,it was undertaken to detect theinductive activity of interlukin-2,expression of IL-2 recepter(IL-2R)and proliferative reaction ofT cell in the thymus and spleen;to determine the number of α-naphthyl esterase positive T cells,acid phosphatase positive T cells and antibody forming cells in the thymus,Bursa Fabricius,spleen,cecal tonsil, Harder gland and mucosal lympoid tissue of bronchus;to check the number of T cell inperipheral blood as well as the dynamic changes of the amount of IgG, IgM and IgA in the serum,tear, trachea washings and intestinal secretions of infected chickens at 5,25,45 days old,respectively.The experimental results reveal that immunoregulation of IL-2 in immune organs ofinfected chickens was disordered;the cellular and humoral immune functions weresignificantly depressed in the central and peripheral immune organs;the local or mucosal immunedefense function were also markedly decreased in respiratory and digestive tracts.展开更多
The researches through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) indicated that Sphaerotheca pannosa directly intrude in the place of concave of rose leaves,form filiform haustorium...The researches through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) indicated that Sphaerotheca pannosa directly intrude in the place of concave of rose leaves,form filiform haustorium in the epidermal cells,absorb the nutrient and water,and destory the internal structure of mitochondrions,etc.when epidermal cells are filled with filiform haustorium.展开更多
Objective To define risk stratification and guide optimal surgical timing of perioperative viral respiratory infection(VRI)in children with cardiac surgery.Methods Retrospective study with propensity score-matched ana...Objective To define risk stratification and guide optimal surgical timing of perioperative viral respiratory infection(VRI)in children with cardiac surgery.Methods Retrospective study with propensity score-matched analysis.A total of 2,831 patients had performed RespPCR testing,and finally there were 2,740 negative RespPCR patients and 91 positive RespPCR patients.展开更多
Barley Fusarium head blight(FHB),caused by species of the Fusarium fungus,is a devastating disease that is reemerging worldwide in recent years.In this study,a novel gene,HvORG4,was cloned from barley by using cDNA li...Barley Fusarium head blight(FHB),caused by species of the Fusarium fungus,is a devastating disease that is reemerging worldwide in recent years.In this study,a novel gene,HvORG4,was cloned from barley by using cDNA library and suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH) library strategies.The SSH library and cDNA library were constructed from the Chinese barley cultivar Jing02-461(resistance to FHB) infected by Fusarium graminearum isolate Huanggang-1.For the SSH analysis,more than 120 differentially expressed cDNAs were identified and sequenced.One of them showed high homology to the AtORG4 gene and was used as a probe to screen the cDNA library of Jing02-461.Six positive clones were identified and one of them contained a full-length cDNA,which was named HvORG4.Sequence analysis showed that HvORG4 encoded a deduced basic protein of 197 amino acids.Northern blotting analysis showed that HvORG4 was constitutively expressed in root and stalk,not in leaf or spike,and strongly induced in barley spikelets in response to infection with F.graminearum isolate Huanggang-1.Its homology and expression profile suggest that the HvORG4 might function as a transcription factor,playing an important role in signal transduction pathway for defense against FHB in barley.展开更多
目的:分析1990—2021年中国老年人HIV/AIDS合并药物敏感结核病(drug-susceptible tuberculosis,DS-TB)的残疾调整生命年(disability-adjusted life years,DALYs)、死亡、发病及患病等疾病负担指标的变化趋势,为制定预防与控制策略提供...目的:分析1990—2021年中国老年人HIV/AIDS合并药物敏感结核病(drug-susceptible tuberculosis,DS-TB)的残疾调整生命年(disability-adjusted life years,DALYs)、死亡、发病及患病等疾病负担指标的变化趋势,为制定预防与控制策略提供参考依据。方法:从全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease,GBD)数据库中获取1990—2021年间中国≥60岁老年人群中HIV/AIDS合并DS-TB的DALYs、死亡、发病和患病等数据,使用估计年度百分比变化(estimated annual percentage change,EAPC)及其95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)详细描述各指标动态变化趋势。结果:1990—2021年间,中国≥60岁老年人群HIV/AIDS合并DS-TB的患病率和发病率不断增长,其中,80~84岁组增幅最为突出,EAPC达3.77%(95%CI:2.33%~5.22%)。死亡率和DALYs指标呈现异质性变化,80岁以上高龄组死亡率呈负增长,而除90~94岁阶段外,各年龄段DALYs均呈绝对增长,70~74岁组DALYs增速最快(EAPC=1.71%,95%CI:0.27%~3.18%)。2021年数据显示,65~69岁组为疾病负担的峰值年龄段,DALYs、死亡、发病和患病数均居各年龄组之首;其中,男性依次为4567.57万人年、151.60万例、1107.40万例和2330.58万例,女性依次为1641.34万人年、52.64万例、425.74万例和905.10万例,各指标男性均明显高于女性。自该年龄段起,随年龄继续增长,上述四项指标均呈下降趋势。男性行为风险和不安全性行为的归因死亡率随年龄增长而升高,≥95岁组分别达到86.22/10万和83.38/10万;女性行为风险和不安全性行为的归因死亡率均>90/10万。结论:中国老年人群HIV/AIDS合并DS-TB的疾病负担不断加重,病因涉及行为、药物及暴力等,未来需要特别关注高龄人群和不同性别群体差异。展开更多
文摘Chronic diabetic wounds,severely complicated by multidrug-resistant(MDR)bacterial infections,represent a profound and escalating global health crisis.The intrinsically hostile microenvironment of diabetic wounds,characterized by localized hypoxia,persistent oxidative stress,and poor vascularization,creates an ideal niche for opportunistic pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.These bacteria readily construct dense extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)biofilms,which not only physically shield the microbes from host immune responses but also actively trap the wound in a state of chronic,unresolved inflammation.Consequently,conventional systemic and topical antibiotic therapies are becoming increasingly futile,as poor perfusion at the wound site restricts drug bioavailability,while the rapid genetic evolution of bacteria and the impenetrable nature of biofilms lead to catastrophic treatment failures,often culminating in severe tissue necrosis and lowerextremity amputations.To circumvent the limitations of traditional antimicrobials,therapeutic gas delivery has emerged as a highly promising,paradigm-shifting strategy.Gaseous signaling molecules,particularly nitric oxide(NO),carbon monoxide(CO),hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S),and hydrogen(H_(2)),possess unique physicochemical properties that allow them to seamlessly penetrate dense biofilm matrices and cellular membranes.Once inside,these gases operate via multi-targeted mechanisms that are incredibly difficult for bacteria to develop resistance against;for instance,NO induces severe lipid peroxidation and DNA cleavage in bacteria,CO downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines,H_(2)S significantly accelerates endothelial cell migration for neovascularization,and H_(2)acts as a powerful selective antioxidant to neutralize tissue-damaging reactive oxygen species(ROS).Together,these therapeutic gases not only exert broad-spectrum bactericidal effects but also actively reprogram the wound bed by promoting the critical M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization and stimulating angiogenesis.Despite their immense biological potential,the direct clinical translation of gas therapies is severely hindered by inherent physicochemical drawbacks,including extreme volatility,short physiological halflives,poor aqueous solubility,and the high risk of off-target systemic toxicity,if applied indiscriminately.To conquer these immense pharmacokinetic barriers,cutting-edge advancements in materials science have driven the development of gas-releasing micro-and nanoplatforms.Utilizing sophisticated carriers such as metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),mesoporous silica,polymeric nanoparticles,liposomes,and injectable hydrogels,researchers can now encapsulate gas-donor molecules to achieve sustained,localized delivery.More importantly,these advanced nanoplatforms are ingeniously engineered to be stimuli-responsive.By exploiting the pathological hallmarks of the diabetic wound environment,such as elevated glucose concentrations,acidic pH,and overexpressed ROS,or by utilizing external triggers like near-infrared(NIR)light irradiation and ultrasound,these intelligent platforms ensure on-demand,precise spatio-temporal gas release.This often allows for powerful synergistic combinations,such as photothermal or photodynamic therapy coupled with gas release,thereby obliterating biofilms while sparing healthy tissue.While the therapeutic outcomes of these smart delivery systems in eradicating MDR infections and accelerating tissue repair are unprecedented,several critical challenges remain before widespread clinical adoption,as long-term biosafety profiles of the carrier nanomaterials,complexities in large-scale good manufacturing practice(GMP)production,and stringent regulatory hurdles must be rigorously addressed.Looking forward,the next frontier lies in the realm of precision medicine and theranostics,where future research must focus on the seamless integration of these gas-releasing platforms with flexible,wearable biosensors capable of continuously monitoring wound biomarkers(e.g.,pH,temperature,uric acid)in real-time.Coupled with artificial intelligence algorithms to govern automated,closed-loop adaptive dosing,these next-generation smart dressings hold the ultimate potential to comprehensively transform the clinical management of complex,infected diabetic wounds.
文摘The WSC proteins produced by Penicillium expansum play a crucial role in causing blue mold on pears.To analyze the role of the WSC1 gene in the pathogenic process of this fungal pathogen,we conducted transcriptomic analysis of a WSC1 knockout(ΔWSC1)strain.The knockout of WSC1 significantly altered the gene expression profile in P.expansum,particularly for genes involved in cell wall integrity,signaling,stress response,and toxin production.The differential expression of these genes might make theΔWSC1 strain more vulnerable to environmental stress,while reducing the toxin production capacity,ultimately leading to a decrease in the pathogenicity.The transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to stress response signals,defense mechanisms and oxidative stress management changed when pear fruits were infected with theΔWSC1 strain.These changes may trigger a cascade of responses in pear fruits.In addition,compared with those infected with the wild-type strain,pear fruits infected with theΔWSC1 strain exhibited up-regulated expression of genes related to defense and oxidative stress.This study clarifies how the WSC1 gene influences P.expansum’s ability to infect pear fruits and how pear fruits respond to the infection.
基金supported by the State Key Basic Research Project(973 project)of China(Grant No.2007CB116308)Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.5910602)Postdoctoral Funds of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(Grant No.6510501)
文摘The ultrastructure of porcine kidney(PK)-15 cells was examined after lipofectamine-aided transfection of the molecular clone of the P1 agent.PK-15 cells transfected with the tandem dimer of the P1molecular DNA clone had numbers of intracytoplasmic inclusions,and a few cells had intranuclear inclusions.Intracytoplasmic inclusions were round to oval and 0.1-0.3μm in diameter,and intranuclear inclusions,which were more electron dense,were of two general types:the first were round and small(0.1μm approximately)and the second were hexagonal and larger(0.4-0.8μm in diameter).Cells transfected with the tandem dimer of the P1 molecular DNA clone tested positive for P1 DNA at passage 5.This is the first report that the P1 molecular clone has infectivity in vitro and it will provide fundamental materials for further study of the biological characterization of P1.
基金Key Program of Capital Development Foundation(编号2007-2040)
文摘In order to study the epidemiological characteristics of cytomegalovirus(CMV)infection in allogeneichematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)recipients by means of plasma real time quantitative polymerasechain reaction(RQ-PCR),141 adult patients undergoing allo-HSCT between January 2008 and June 2010 were seriallymonitored by RQ-PCR for detecting CMV and guiding the preemptive therapy followed up to 180 days post-HSCT.Theresults showed that the incidence of CMV infection and CMV pneumonia was 81.5%and 2.9%respectively,whichmainly occurred within 2 months post-HSCT.Single-therapy with ganciclovir(GCV)for 63 patients or foscarnet 6patients was performed for preemptive therapy.The total efficacy was 87.8%,and the response patterns were different.CMV infection was more frequent in female patients(P=0.044),and those with aGVHD(P=0.043),using ATG orbasiliximab in conditioning regimens(P=0.049),as well as earlier in patients using ATG or basiliximab or those withaGVHD(P=0.007;P=0.000).The aGVHD,maximum load,positive times of CMV-DNA detection and therapyduration all correlated with the efficacy(P<0.05).It is concluded that the incidence of CMV infection is still high afterHSCT.Plasma RQ-PCR assay for CMV-DNA shows a strong correlation with the clinical outcome of CMV infection,which is useful and suitable for management of CMV infection in HSCT.
文摘Classical swine fever virus （CSFV） and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV） have caused immense economic loss in the pig industry and are considered to be the two most important infectious diseases of pigs in the world A multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （multiplex RT-PCR） was developed for CSFV and PRRSV co-infections or infections, respectively. A set of two pairs of primer was designed based on the sequence of nonstructural protein NS54B of CSFV and ORF7 gene of PRRSV. The diagnostic accuracy of multiplex RT-PCR assay was evaluated by using 56 field clinical samples by multiplex RT-PCR, single RT-PCR and sequence analysis; and the specificity of multiplex PCR was verified by using constructed plasmids containing the specific viral target fragments of PRRSV and CSFV, respectively. The results indicated that this assay could reliably differentiate PRRSV and CSFV in co-infection samples. The multiplex RT-PCR developed in this study might provide a new avenue to the rapid the detection of CSFV and PRRSV in one reaction.
文摘The changes of plasma aminogram were observed prospectively on 95 cases of enteric fistula associated with intra-abdominal infection under the supplement of TPN(total parenteral nutrition) with a conventional balanced nutritional amino acid solution Anfumine 14s (8.5% Tianjin, China). Plasma levels of amino acid and albumin were determined on the day of initiation of TPN and weekly through the Course of nutritional support and the day of termination of TPN or 2-5 days within death. Initial plasma aminograms obtained on the day before the TPN support were of characterics of aminogram of both sepsis and starvation. The initial total amount of plasma free amino acid was lower than normal and gradually elevated to normal range after two weeks TPN supplement in survivors. While in nonsurvivors, the total free amino acid was increased rapidly and reached the peak value at preterminal stage, significantly higher than the normal range. The level of phenylalanine was constantly high through the course of investigation, either in survivors or nonsurvivors. Proline also elevated proportional to the severity of infection, but to a lesser degree In contrast, the plasma ratio of BCAA/AAA (branched-chain amino acids /aromatic amino acids) was lower than normal and the level of arginine was decreased proportional to the severity of infectionAuthors considered that (1) the amino acid solution specific for starved septic patients should contain lower content of phenylalnine and higher amount of BCAA and arginine as compared with the conventional nutritional amino acid solution; (2) constant elevation of plasma phenylalanine and proline associated with progressive decrease of arginine is one of the meaningful predictive criteria for prognosis of septic patients; (3) inappropriate administration of exogeneous amino acids in metabolic decompensated septic patients might do more harm rather than benefit.
文摘The experiment was conducted to infect one-day old healthy AA chicks with virulent Marek'sdisease virus(MDV).Compared with the uninfected control chicks,it was undertaken to detect theinductive activity of interlukin-2,expression of IL-2 recepter(IL-2R)and proliferative reaction ofT cell in the thymus and spleen;to determine the number of α-naphthyl esterase positive T cells,acid phosphatase positive T cells and antibody forming cells in the thymus,Bursa Fabricius,spleen,cecal tonsil, Harder gland and mucosal lympoid tissue of bronchus;to check the number of T cell inperipheral blood as well as the dynamic changes of the amount of IgG, IgM and IgA in the serum,tear, trachea washings and intestinal secretions of infected chickens at 5,25,45 days old,respectively.The experimental results reveal that immunoregulation of IL-2 in immune organs ofinfected chickens was disordered;the cellular and humoral immune functions weresignificantly depressed in the central and peripheral immune organs;the local or mucosal immunedefense function were also markedly decreased in respiratory and digestive tracts.
文摘The researches through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) indicated that Sphaerotheca pannosa directly intrude in the place of concave of rose leaves,form filiform haustorium in the epidermal cells,absorb the nutrient and water,and destory the internal structure of mitochondrions,etc.when epidermal cells are filled with filiform haustorium.
文摘Objective To define risk stratification and guide optimal surgical timing of perioperative viral respiratory infection(VRI)in children with cardiac surgery.Methods Retrospective study with propensity score-matched analysis.A total of 2,831 patients had performed RespPCR testing,and finally there were 2,740 negative RespPCR patients and 91 positive RespPCR patients.
文摘Barley Fusarium head blight(FHB),caused by species of the Fusarium fungus,is a devastating disease that is reemerging worldwide in recent years.In this study,a novel gene,HvORG4,was cloned from barley by using cDNA library and suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH) library strategies.The SSH library and cDNA library were constructed from the Chinese barley cultivar Jing02-461(resistance to FHB) infected by Fusarium graminearum isolate Huanggang-1.For the SSH analysis,more than 120 differentially expressed cDNAs were identified and sequenced.One of them showed high homology to the AtORG4 gene and was used as a probe to screen the cDNA library of Jing02-461.Six positive clones were identified and one of them contained a full-length cDNA,which was named HvORG4.Sequence analysis showed that HvORG4 encoded a deduced basic protein of 197 amino acids.Northern blotting analysis showed that HvORG4 was constitutively expressed in root and stalk,not in leaf or spike,and strongly induced in barley spikelets in response to infection with F.graminearum isolate Huanggang-1.Its homology and expression profile suggest that the HvORG4 might function as a transcription factor,playing an important role in signal transduction pathway for defense against FHB in barley.
文摘目的回顾单中心行外科治疗的感染性心内膜炎(infective endocarditis,IE)患者的临床特征、短期预后及危险因素,总结治疗经验。方法连续性纳入2012年5月—2024年6月因IE就诊于北京协和医院心外科并行手术治疗的患者。分别对患者基线资料、合并症情况、IE易感因素、手术指征、病原体分布、手术方式、短期预后及其危险因素进行统计学分析。结果共709例符合纳入和排除标准的IE患者入选本研究,其中85.3%累及左心瓣膜,中位年龄48(35,58)岁,68.0%为男性,8.7%为人工瓣膜感染心内膜炎,累及左心的IE患者合并症比例更高。43.2%的患者感染病原体为链球菌,右心IE感染金黄色葡萄球菌的比例更高,66.4%的患者存在心内结构异常的基础病因,32.7%的患者术前发生心力衰竭,90.1%的患者存在瓣膜功能障碍,11.3%的患者接受了急诊手术,24.8%的患者术前出现神经系统并发症。95.3%的主动脉瓣受累患者进行了瓣膜置换,二尖瓣受累患者瓣膜修复率达55.4%。院内死亡率为3.5%,院内复合不良事件发生率为13.5%。术前纽约心脏病协会(New York Heart Association,NYHA)心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ级(OR=5.24,95%CI:2.01~13.71)、感染性三系减低(OR=3.32,95%CI:1.29~8.51)、区域性脑梗死(OR=4.09,95%CI:1.34~12.49)、术前发热(OR=2.34,95%CI:1.00~5.47)是院内死亡的独立危险因素。年龄每增加10岁(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.02~1.40)、金黄色葡萄球菌感染(OR=2.15,95%CI:1.13~4.11)、术前生命体征不平稳(OR=2.29,95%CI:1.26~4.17)、NYHA心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ级(OR=3.07,95%CI:1.84~5.10)及既往心脏手术史(OR=2.10,95%CI:1.12~3.96)是复合终点事件的独立危险因素。结论左心IE与右心IE患者在病原体感染分布上存在明显差异,心力衰竭是手术治疗患者围术期死亡及不良预后的独立危险因素,通过严格把控手术时机、优化围术期管理,外科治疗或可有效降低IE患者的死亡率,改善患者预后。
