OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-rheumatoid arthritis(RA)effect of Escin combined with low dose of GCs(dexameth⁃asone,Dex)and its underlying mechanism.METHODS Adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis rats and LPS-injure...OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-rheumatoid arthritis(RA)effect of Escin combined with low dose of GCs(dexameth⁃asone,Dex)and its underlying mechanism.METHODS Adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis rats and LPS-injured RAW 264.7 were used to investigate the anti-RA effects of Escin combined with low dose Dex in vivo and in vitro.In vivo experiment:rats were randomly divided into model group(AIA),dexamethasone high dose(Dex,0.2 mg·kg^-1)group,dexamethasone low dose(Dex,0.05 mg·kg^-1)group,Escin 10 mg·kg^-1 group,Dex 0.05+Escin group,10 rats in each group,another 10 were used as normal control group.The vehicle and the corresponding drug were administered intragastrically(ig)daily for 14 d.In vitro experiment:LPS was used to stimulate RAW 264.7 macrophages for inflammatory models,which were divided into control group,LPS group,Dex with high dose(50 nmol·L^-1)group,and Dex with low dose(12.5 nmol·L^-1)group.In the Escin 10μmol·L^-1 group and the Dex+Escin(12.5 nmol·L^-1+10μmol·L^-1)group,the corresponding drugs were added to each well.After 2 h,LPS was added to induce inflammation.RESULTS Escin combined with low dose Dex significantly decreased arthritic index,serum IL-6 and TNF-α,improved paw swelling,and ameliorated the joint pathology immune organ pathology significantly.Gene chip results revealed that Nr3c1(GR)altered significantly.And that GR activation by Escin and low dose Dex was confirmed both in vivo and in vitro.Furthermore,Escin combined with low dose Dex also significant increase GR mRNA expression.However,when suppression of GR by its specific inhibitor,the anti-RA effect of Escin combined with low dose Dex was abolished.CONCLUSION Escin combined with Dex reduces the dose of Dex,and exerts significant anti-RA effects,which could also reduce the adverse effects of Dex.This combination might be attributed to GR activation.This study might provide a new combination drugs for the treatment of RA.展开更多
With the advancement of agricultural mechanization,soil compaction has become a serious environmental problem.Soil compaction can increase soil bulk density and firmness,reduce porosity and permeability,and deteriorat...With the advancement of agricultural mechanization,soil compaction has become a serious environmental problem.Soil compaction can increase soil bulk density and firmness,reduce porosity and permeability,and deteriorate soil structure,ultimately inhibit sugar beet growth and reduce both root yield and sugar content.However,few farmers recognize the link between soil compaction and these adverse effects.Soil compaction has a cumulative effect,with significant differences observed in the vertical range of compaction accumulation.The most significant soil compaction occurs in the topsoil of 0-10 cm,and the influence depth can reach 70 cm,but it is small in deep soil,and the inflection point is at a soil depth of 10 cm.The degree of soil compaction is related to soil type,water content,tractor shaft load,tyre type,tyre pressure and operation speed,etc.Therefore,in the production process of sugar beet,it is advisable to avoid high-humidity operations,use low pressure tyres,reduce the number of tractor-units passes over the farmland,and implement agricultural and agronomic measures to minimize soil compaction.These practices will help protect the soil environment and ensure sustainable production of sugar beets.展开更多
糖外排转运蛋白(sugars will eventually be exported transporter,SWEET)和蔗糖转运蛋白(sucrose transporter,SUT)是植物的2种糖转运蛋白。为分析TaSWEET和TaSUT基因在小麦基因组中的进化特征、功能及其对外源糖的响应,本研究对小麦Ta...糖外排转运蛋白(sugars will eventually be exported transporter,SWEET)和蔗糖转运蛋白(sucrose transporter,SUT)是植物的2种糖转运蛋白。为分析TaSWEET和TaSUT基因在小麦基因组中的进化特征、功能及其对外源糖的响应,本研究对小麦TaSWEET和TaSUT家族成员进行了全基因组鉴定,并对其系统发育关系、基因结构、启动子顺式作用元件和表达特性进行了分析。结果表明,小麦中包含101个TaSWEET基因和16个TaSUT基因,二者均分为4个亚家族。基因结构显示,TaSWEET和TaSUT家族成员的外显子和内含子数量存在差异,数量为4~18个。保守基序分析显示,TaSWEET家族和TaSUT家族成员中存在20个基序,各亚家族内的基序结构相似。染色体分布模式和同源性分析表明,TaSWEET家族和TaSUT家族成员在3个亚基因组上数量分布均匀,全基因组片段重复和串联重复促进了小麦TaSWEET扩增。亚细胞定位预测显示,多数TaSWEET家族成员和全部TaSUT家族成员定位于质膜上,TaSWEET家族成员含4~7个跨膜螺旋结构,TaSUT家族成员含8~12个跨膜螺旋结构。启动子元件分析表明,TaSWEET和TaSUT家族成员的启动子区富含大量生长发育类、激素响应类和非生物胁迫类顺式作用元件。小麦基因表达模式分析显示,大部分TaSWEET和TaSUT家族成员在小麦叶片中表达量较低,在叶、芽、根、穗和籽粒中分别有28、25、33、39、21个成员高表达。通过qRT-PCR检测发现,经外源糖处理后,TaSWEET和TaSUT家族基因在根中表达量全部下调,在叶中有3个基因在果糖处理下表达量上调,1个基因在3种外源糖处理表达量均上调。上述结果为深入研究TaSWEET和TaSUT基因在调控小麦生长发育与在外源糖处理下的响应提供了理论依据。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(8187303981973547)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2017MH068)
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-rheumatoid arthritis(RA)effect of Escin combined with low dose of GCs(dexameth⁃asone,Dex)and its underlying mechanism.METHODS Adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis rats and LPS-injured RAW 264.7 were used to investigate the anti-RA effects of Escin combined with low dose Dex in vivo and in vitro.In vivo experiment:rats were randomly divided into model group(AIA),dexamethasone high dose(Dex,0.2 mg·kg^-1)group,dexamethasone low dose(Dex,0.05 mg·kg^-1)group,Escin 10 mg·kg^-1 group,Dex 0.05+Escin group,10 rats in each group,another 10 were used as normal control group.The vehicle and the corresponding drug were administered intragastrically(ig)daily for 14 d.In vitro experiment:LPS was used to stimulate RAW 264.7 macrophages for inflammatory models,which were divided into control group,LPS group,Dex with high dose(50 nmol·L^-1)group,and Dex with low dose(12.5 nmol·L^-1)group.In the Escin 10μmol·L^-1 group and the Dex+Escin(12.5 nmol·L^-1+10μmol·L^-1)group,the corresponding drugs were added to each well.After 2 h,LPS was added to induce inflammation.RESULTS Escin combined with low dose Dex significantly decreased arthritic index,serum IL-6 and TNF-α,improved paw swelling,and ameliorated the joint pathology immune organ pathology significantly.Gene chip results revealed that Nr3c1(GR)altered significantly.And that GR activation by Escin and low dose Dex was confirmed both in vivo and in vitro.Furthermore,Escin combined with low dose Dex also significant increase GR mRNA expression.However,when suppression of GR by its specific inhibitor,the anti-RA effect of Escin combined with low dose Dex was abolished.CONCLUSION Escin combined with Dex reduces the dose of Dex,and exerts significant anti-RA effects,which could also reduce the adverse effects of Dex.This combination might be attributed to GR activation.This study might provide a new combination drugs for the treatment of RA.
基金Supported by China Agriculture Research System(Sugar Crops)of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Ministry of Finance(CARS-170601)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(C201239).
文摘With the advancement of agricultural mechanization,soil compaction has become a serious environmental problem.Soil compaction can increase soil bulk density and firmness,reduce porosity and permeability,and deteriorate soil structure,ultimately inhibit sugar beet growth and reduce both root yield and sugar content.However,few farmers recognize the link between soil compaction and these adverse effects.Soil compaction has a cumulative effect,with significant differences observed in the vertical range of compaction accumulation.The most significant soil compaction occurs in the topsoil of 0-10 cm,and the influence depth can reach 70 cm,but it is small in deep soil,and the inflection point is at a soil depth of 10 cm.The degree of soil compaction is related to soil type,water content,tractor shaft load,tyre type,tyre pressure and operation speed,etc.Therefore,in the production process of sugar beet,it is advisable to avoid high-humidity operations,use low pressure tyres,reduce the number of tractor-units passes over the farmland,and implement agricultural and agronomic measures to minimize soil compaction.These practices will help protect the soil environment and ensure sustainable production of sugar beets.
文摘糖外排转运蛋白(sugars will eventually be exported transporter,SWEET)和蔗糖转运蛋白(sucrose transporter,SUT)是植物的2种糖转运蛋白。为分析TaSWEET和TaSUT基因在小麦基因组中的进化特征、功能及其对外源糖的响应,本研究对小麦TaSWEET和TaSUT家族成员进行了全基因组鉴定,并对其系统发育关系、基因结构、启动子顺式作用元件和表达特性进行了分析。结果表明,小麦中包含101个TaSWEET基因和16个TaSUT基因,二者均分为4个亚家族。基因结构显示,TaSWEET和TaSUT家族成员的外显子和内含子数量存在差异,数量为4~18个。保守基序分析显示,TaSWEET家族和TaSUT家族成员中存在20个基序,各亚家族内的基序结构相似。染色体分布模式和同源性分析表明,TaSWEET家族和TaSUT家族成员在3个亚基因组上数量分布均匀,全基因组片段重复和串联重复促进了小麦TaSWEET扩增。亚细胞定位预测显示,多数TaSWEET家族成员和全部TaSUT家族成员定位于质膜上,TaSWEET家族成员含4~7个跨膜螺旋结构,TaSUT家族成员含8~12个跨膜螺旋结构。启动子元件分析表明,TaSWEET和TaSUT家族成员的启动子区富含大量生长发育类、激素响应类和非生物胁迫类顺式作用元件。小麦基因表达模式分析显示,大部分TaSWEET和TaSUT家族成员在小麦叶片中表达量较低,在叶、芽、根、穗和籽粒中分别有28、25、33、39、21个成员高表达。通过qRT-PCR检测发现,经外源糖处理后,TaSWEET和TaSUT家族基因在根中表达量全部下调,在叶中有3个基因在果糖处理下表达量上调,1个基因在3种外源糖处理表达量均上调。上述结果为深入研究TaSWEET和TaSUT基因在调控小麦生长发育与在外源糖处理下的响应提供了理论依据。
