With the large-scale application of 5G technology in smart distribution networks,the operation effects of distribution networks are not clear.Herein,we propose a comprehensive evaluation model of a 5G+smart distributi...With the large-scale application of 5G technology in smart distribution networks,the operation effects of distribution networks are not clear.Herein,we propose a comprehensive evaluation model of a 5G+smart distribution network based on the combination weighting and cloud model of the improved Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy-Entropy Weight Method(FAHP-EWM).First,we establish comprehensive evaluation indexes of a 5G+smart distribution network from five dimensions:reliable operation,economic operation,efficient interaction,technological intelligence,and green emission reduction.Second,by introducing the principle of variance minimization,we propose a combined weighting method based on the improved FAHP-EWM to calculate the comprehensive weight,so as to reduce the defects of subjective arbitrariness and promote objectivity.Finally,a comprehensive evaluation model of 5G+smart distribution network based on cloud model is proposed by considering the uncertainty of distribution network node information and equipment status information.The example analysis indicates that the overall operation of the 5G+smart distribution network project is decent,and the weight value calculated by the combined weighting method is more reasonable and accurate than that calculated by the single weighting method,which verifies the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed evaluation method.Moreover,the proposed evaluation method has a certain guiding role for the large-scale application of 5G communication technology in smart distribution networks.展开更多
This study aims at determining the optimal CO2 separation technology for Chinese refineries, based on current available technologies, by the method of comprehensive evaluation. Firstly, according to the characteristic...This study aims at determining the optimal CO2 separation technology for Chinese refineries, based on current available technologies, by the method of comprehensive evaluation. Firstly, according to the characteristics of flue gas from Chinese refineries, three feasible CO2 separation technologies are selected. These are pressure swing adsorption （PSA）, chemical absorption （CA）, and membrane absorption （MA）. Secondly, an economic assessment of these three techniques is carried out in accordance with cash flow analysis. The results show that these three techniques all have economic feasibility and the PSA technique is the best. Finally, to further optimize the three techniques, a two-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established, including economic, technological, and environmental factors. Considering all the factors, PSA is optimal for Chinese refineries, followed by CA and MA. Therefore, to reduce Chinese refineries carbon emission, it is suggested that CO2 should be captured from off-gases using PSA.展开更多
Because of explosive growth in Internet traffic and high complexity of heterogeneous networks, improving the routing and wavelength assignment （RWA） algorithm in underlying optical networks has become very important...Because of explosive growth in Internet traffic and high complexity of heterogeneous networks, improving the routing and wavelength assignment （RWA） algorithm in underlying optical networks has become very important. Where there are multiple links between different the node pairs, a traditional wavelength-assignment algorithm may be invalid for a wavelength-switched optical networks （WSON） that has directional blocking constraints. Also, impairments in network nodes and subsequent degradation of optical signals may cause modulation failure in the optical network. In this paper, we propose an RWA algorithm based on a novel evaluation model for a WSQN that has multiple constraints. The algorithm includes comprehensive evaluation model （CEM） and directional blocking constraint RWA based on CEM （DB-RWA）. Diverse constraints are abstracted into various constraint conditions in order to better assign routing and wavelength. We propose using the novel CEM to optimize routing according to an assessed value of constraints on transmission performance. This eliminates the effects of physical transmission impairments in a WSON. DB-RWA based on CEM abstracts directional blocking conditions in multiple links between network nodes into directional blocking constraints. It also satisfies rigorous network specifications and provides flexibility, scalability, and first-fit rate for the backbone, especially in multiple links between WSON nodes.展开更多
Considering both the characteristics of construction scheme evaluation and the lack of consideration of index proportionality after introducing comprehensive evaluation of independent perspectives into construction sc...Considering both the characteristics of construction scheme evaluation and the lack of consideration of index proportionality after introducing comprehensive evaluation of independent perspectives into construction scheme evaluation, a construction scheme evaluation model of independent perspectives was put forward through the study and optimization of comprehensive evaluation of independent perspectives. The feasibility and rationality of the optimized method were illustrated through a case study and the evaluation results were compared between the optimized method and non-optimized method. The optimized method has the practical value in construction scheme comparison.展开更多
基金supported by the State Grid Corporation of China(KJ21-1-56).
文摘With the large-scale application of 5G technology in smart distribution networks,the operation effects of distribution networks are not clear.Herein,we propose a comprehensive evaluation model of a 5G+smart distribution network based on the combination weighting and cloud model of the improved Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy-Entropy Weight Method(FAHP-EWM).First,we establish comprehensive evaluation indexes of a 5G+smart distribution network from five dimensions:reliable operation,economic operation,efficient interaction,technological intelligence,and green emission reduction.Second,by introducing the principle of variance minimization,we propose a combined weighting method based on the improved FAHP-EWM to calculate the comprehensive weight,so as to reduce the defects of subjective arbitrariness and promote objectivity.Finally,a comprehensive evaluation model of 5G+smart distribution network based on cloud model is proposed by considering the uncertainty of distribution network node information and equipment status information.The example analysis indicates that the overall operation of the 5G+smart distribution network project is decent,and the weight value calculated by the combined weighting method is more reasonable and accurate than that calculated by the single weighting method,which verifies the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed evaluation method.Moreover,the proposed evaluation method has a certain guiding role for the large-scale application of 5G communication technology in smart distribution networks.
基金the China University of Petroleum Foundationthe Research Institute of Safety and Environment TechnologyChina National Petroleum Corporation
文摘This study aims at determining the optimal CO2 separation technology for Chinese refineries, based on current available technologies, by the method of comprehensive evaluation. Firstly, according to the characteristics of flue gas from Chinese refineries, three feasible CO2 separation technologies are selected. These are pressure swing adsorption （PSA）, chemical absorption （CA）, and membrane absorption （MA）. Secondly, an economic assessment of these three techniques is carried out in accordance with cash flow analysis. The results show that these three techniques all have economic feasibility and the PSA technique is the best. Finally, to further optimize the three techniques, a two-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established, including economic, technological, and environmental factors. Considering all the factors, PSA is optimal for Chinese refineries, followed by CA and MA. Therefore, to reduce Chinese refineries carbon emission, it is suggested that CO2 should be captured from off-gases using PSA.
基金supported in part by 973 Program(2010CB328204)NSFC project(60932004)RFDP Project(20090005110013)
文摘Because of explosive growth in Internet traffic and high complexity of heterogeneous networks, improving the routing and wavelength assignment （RWA） algorithm in underlying optical networks has become very important. Where there are multiple links between different the node pairs, a traditional wavelength-assignment algorithm may be invalid for a wavelength-switched optical networks （WSON） that has directional blocking constraints. Also, impairments in network nodes and subsequent degradation of optical signals may cause modulation failure in the optical network. In this paper, we propose an RWA algorithm based on a novel evaluation model for a WSQN that has multiple constraints. The algorithm includes comprehensive evaluation model （CEM） and directional blocking constraint RWA based on CEM （DB-RWA）. Diverse constraints are abstracted into various constraint conditions in order to better assign routing and wavelength. We propose using the novel CEM to optimize routing according to an assessed value of constraints on transmission performance. This eliminates the effects of physical transmission impairments in a WSON. DB-RWA based on CEM abstracts directional blocking conditions in multiple links between network nodes into directional blocking constraints. It also satisfies rigorous network specifications and provides flexibility, scalability, and first-fit rate for the backbone, especially in multiple links between WSON nodes.
文摘Considering both the characteristics of construction scheme evaluation and the lack of consideration of index proportionality after introducing comprehensive evaluation of independent perspectives into construction scheme evaluation, a construction scheme evaluation model of independent perspectives was put forward through the study and optimization of comprehensive evaluation of independent perspectives. The feasibility and rationality of the optimized method were illustrated through a case study and the evaluation results were compared between the optimized method and non-optimized method. The optimized method has the practical value in construction scheme comparison.
