白质消融性白质脑病(leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter,VWM)是儿童最常见的遗传性白质脑病之一,是目前人类遗传性疾病中首个被确定由于mRNA翻译启动异常所致疾病,是由编码真核细胞翻译启动因子2B(eukaryotic translatio...白质消融性白质脑病(leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter,VWM)是儿童最常见的遗传性白质脑病之一,是目前人类遗传性疾病中首个被确定由于mRNA翻译启动异常所致疾病,是由编码真核细胞翻译启动因子2B(eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B,eIF2B)的五个亚单位(eIF2Bα、β、γ、δ、ε)的基因(EIF2B1-5)任一突变所致。eIF2B是一种鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子,调控全部mRNA的翻译起始过程。eIF2B突变功能研究尚处于起步阶段。EIF2B突变可能通过不同的途径影响eIF2B的功能。例如,通过影响eIF2B复合体的形成或其与底物的结合从而破坏eIF2B的鸟苷酸转移因子(GEF)活性或引起细胞应激反应异常。EIF2B突变是否影响胶质前体细胞的分化是VWM发病机制的另一个关键问题。展开更多
Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter(VWM) is one of the most prevalent inherited white matter disorders in childhood,and it′s the only known hereditary human disease due to the direct defects in protein sy...Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter(VWM) is one of the most prevalent inherited white matter disorders in childhood,and it′s the only known hereditary human disease due to the direct defects in protein synthesis process,with the gene defects in EIF2B1-5,encoding the five subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor(eIF2B α,β,γ,δ and ε) respectively.eIF2B is essential for the protein translation initiation process,and its action is realized via eukaryotic translation initiation factor2(eIF2).Phosphorylation of eIF2α and eIF2Bε is an important way to regulate eIF2B function,and thus play a key role in control of the protein translation level under physiological condition.Mutant eIF2B results in functional defects and decrease of the overall protein translation in cells,but in increase the translation of proteins with multiple upstream open reading frames,such as activating transcription factor 4(AFT4),which leads to the susceptibility to un-folded protein response under stress,and the following apoptosis.The exact pathogenic mechanisms of VWM are far from well understood.It′s suggested that level of AFT4 in cells with eIF2B mutations is higher than in wild type cells under physiological condition,which makes the mutant cells more susceptible to endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress and unfolded protein response(UPR).Under stress,the defect eIF2B leads to a vicious cycle of UPR activation,which may underlie the neurological aggravation in VWM patients after minor stress,a specific cli-nical feature of VWM.Elucidating the pathogenesis of VWM will be helpful to further understand the protein translation process in eukaryotic cells,and provide a clue for possible therapeutic targets and treatment strategies in the future.Abstract:SUMM ARY Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter(VWM) is one of the most prevalent in-herited white matter d isorders in childhood,and i′ts the only known hered itary human d isease due to the d irect defects in protein synthesis process,with the gene defects inEIF2B1-5,encod ing the five sub-units of eukaryotic translation initiation factor(eIF2Bα,β,γ,δandε) respectively.eIF2B is essential for the protein translation initiation process,and its action is realized via eukaryotic translation initiation factor2(eIF2).Phosphorylation of eIF2αand eIF2Bεis an important way to regulate eIF2B function,and thus play a key role in control of the protein translation level under physiological cond ition.Mutant eIF2B results in functional defects and decrease of the overall protein translation in cells,but in increase the translation of proteins with multiple upstream open read ing frames,such as activating transcription factor 4(AFT4),which leads to the susceptibility to un-folded protein response under stress,and the following apoptosis.The exact pathogenic mechanisms ofVWM are far from well understood.I′ts sugges-ted that level ofAFT4 in cells with eIF2B mutations is higher than in wild type cells under physiological cond ition,which makes the mutant cellsmore susceptible to endoplasm ic reticulum(ER) stress and un-folded protein response(UPR).Under stress,the defect eIF2B leads to a vicious cycle ofUPR activa-tion,which may underlie the neurological aggravation in VWM patients afterm inor stress,a specific cli-nical feature ofVWM.E lucidating the pathogenesis ofVWM will be helpful to further understand the pro-tein translation process in eukaryotic cells,and provide a clue for possible therapeutic targets and treat-ment strategies in the future.展开更多
该文报道2例白质消融性白质脑病(leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter,VWM)。患者1,女,2岁3个月,临床以反复感染后运动能力倒退为主要表现,病情进展迅速,发病6个月时有癫痫发作,此后患者不能独立行走,吞咽困难;基因检测发...该文报道2例白质消融性白质脑病(leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter,VWM)。患者1,女,2岁3个月,临床以反复感染后运动能力倒退为主要表现,病情进展迅速,发病6个月时有癫痫发作,此后患者不能独立行走,吞咽困难;基因检测发现,该患者的EIF2B4基因存在7号外显子c.594C>G (p.I98M)和11号外显子c.1177T>A(p.Y393N)的复合杂合突变,其中前者来自父亲、后者来自母亲,且2个位点均是未曾报道的新错义突变。患者2,女,41岁,临床以进行性双下肢无力及记忆力减退为主要表现;基因检测发现,该患者的EIF2B3基因存在2号外显子c.130G>A(p.G44K)和8号外显子c.934C>G (p.R312G)的复合杂合突变,其中后者位点的突变已有报道,但此突变类型为首次报告,且该患者是中国报道的第2例成人型VWM。2例患者的头颅磁共振成像均表现为弥漫对称性脑白质病变;其中,患者1白质稀薄更突出,患者2主要表现为白质萎缩、脑室扩大。发病年龄是VWM严重程度的临床预测因子,起病越早则病情进展越迅速。应激是发病及神经恶化的诱因,目前VWM尚无有效的治疗方法。该文对上述2个病例进行报道,旨在提升临床医师对疾病的认识及早期诊断的能力,以期延缓疾病的进展、延长患者的生存期。展开更多
白质消融性白质脑病(leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter,VWM)是一种常染色体隐性遗传性脑白质病,其致病基因EIF2B 1~5分别编码真核细胞蛋白质翻译起始因子2B(eukaryotic initiation factor 2B,eIF2B)的5个亚基α~ε,其...白质消融性白质脑病(leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter,VWM)是一种常染色体隐性遗传性脑白质病,其致病基因EIF2B 1~5分别编码真核细胞蛋白质翻译起始因子2B(eukaryotic initiation factor 2B,eIF2B)的5个亚基α~ε,其中任一编码基因突变均可引起发病。起病多见于婴幼儿及儿童期,临床表型差异大,典型表现为进行性运动功能退行,可伴共济失调和癫痫。应激(发热、外伤等)可导致发作性加重。影像学显示大脑白质进行性液化。尸解神经病理学特征主要表现为广泛性白质稀疏和囊性变性,无神经胶质细胞反应性增生,星形胶质细胞形态异常,过表达祖细胞标志物巢蛋白(Nestin)和胶质纤维酸性蛋白δ(GFAPδ),少突前体细胞数量增加和成熟少突胶质细胞减少、泡沫化且凋亡增加。VWM致病基因EIF2B 1~5是管家基因,但多数患者通常仅脑白质受累。少数胎儿期及婴儿早期发病的患者可出现多系统受累,成年女性患者可有卵巢功能障碍。目前认为,星形胶质细胞在其致病机制中起着核心作用,病理性星形胶质细胞继发性引起少突胶质细胞成熟障碍和髓鞘形成异常,进而导致脑白质病变。其他疾病机制包括内质网应激后未折叠蛋白反应(UPR)过度激活、线粒体功能障碍、自噬抑制等,尚不完全明确。展开更多
文摘白质消融性白质脑病(leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter,VWM)是儿童最常见的遗传性白质脑病之一,是目前人类遗传性疾病中首个被确定由于mRNA翻译启动异常所致疾病,是由编码真核细胞翻译启动因子2B(eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B,eIF2B)的五个亚单位(eIF2Bα、β、γ、δ、ε)的基因(EIF2B1-5)任一突变所致。eIF2B是一种鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子,调控全部mRNA的翻译起始过程。eIF2B突变功能研究尚处于起步阶段。EIF2B突变可能通过不同的途径影响eIF2B的功能。例如,通过影响eIF2B复合体的形成或其与底物的结合从而破坏eIF2B的鸟苷酸转移因子(GEF)活性或引起细胞应激反应异常。EIF2B突变是否影响胶质前体细胞的分化是VWM发病机制的另一个关键问题。
文摘Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter(VWM) is one of the most prevalent inherited white matter disorders in childhood,and it′s the only known hereditary human disease due to the direct defects in protein synthesis process,with the gene defects in EIF2B1-5,encoding the five subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor(eIF2B α,β,γ,δ and ε) respectively.eIF2B is essential for the protein translation initiation process,and its action is realized via eukaryotic translation initiation factor2(eIF2).Phosphorylation of eIF2α and eIF2Bε is an important way to regulate eIF2B function,and thus play a key role in control of the protein translation level under physiological condition.Mutant eIF2B results in functional defects and decrease of the overall protein translation in cells,but in increase the translation of proteins with multiple upstream open reading frames,such as activating transcription factor 4(AFT4),which leads to the susceptibility to un-folded protein response under stress,and the following apoptosis.The exact pathogenic mechanisms of VWM are far from well understood.It′s suggested that level of AFT4 in cells with eIF2B mutations is higher than in wild type cells under physiological condition,which makes the mutant cells more susceptible to endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress and unfolded protein response(UPR).Under stress,the defect eIF2B leads to a vicious cycle of UPR activation,which may underlie the neurological aggravation in VWM patients after minor stress,a specific cli-nical feature of VWM.Elucidating the pathogenesis of VWM will be helpful to further understand the protein translation process in eukaryotic cells,and provide a clue for possible therapeutic targets and treatment strategies in the future.Abstract:SUMM ARY Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter(VWM) is one of the most prevalent in-herited white matter d isorders in childhood,and i′ts the only known hered itary human d isease due to the d irect defects in protein synthesis process,with the gene defects inEIF2B1-5,encod ing the five sub-units of eukaryotic translation initiation factor(eIF2Bα,β,γ,δandε) respectively.eIF2B is essential for the protein translation initiation process,and its action is realized via eukaryotic translation initiation factor2(eIF2).Phosphorylation of eIF2αand eIF2Bεis an important way to regulate eIF2B function,and thus play a key role in control of the protein translation level under physiological cond ition.Mutant eIF2B results in functional defects and decrease of the overall protein translation in cells,but in increase the translation of proteins with multiple upstream open read ing frames,such as activating transcription factor 4(AFT4),which leads to the susceptibility to un-folded protein response under stress,and the following apoptosis.The exact pathogenic mechanisms ofVWM are far from well understood.I′ts sugges-ted that level ofAFT4 in cells with eIF2B mutations is higher than in wild type cells under physiological cond ition,which makes the mutant cellsmore susceptible to endoplasm ic reticulum(ER) stress and un-folded protein response(UPR).Under stress,the defect eIF2B leads to a vicious cycle ofUPR activa-tion,which may underlie the neurological aggravation in VWM patients afterm inor stress,a specific cli-nical feature ofVWM.E lucidating the pathogenesis ofVWM will be helpful to further understand the pro-tein translation process in eukaryotic cells,and provide a clue for possible therapeutic targets and treat-ment strategies in the future.
文摘该文报道2例白质消融性白质脑病(leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter,VWM)。患者1,女,2岁3个月,临床以反复感染后运动能力倒退为主要表现,病情进展迅速,发病6个月时有癫痫发作,此后患者不能独立行走,吞咽困难;基因检测发现,该患者的EIF2B4基因存在7号外显子c.594C>G (p.I98M)和11号外显子c.1177T>A(p.Y393N)的复合杂合突变,其中前者来自父亲、后者来自母亲,且2个位点均是未曾报道的新错义突变。患者2,女,41岁,临床以进行性双下肢无力及记忆力减退为主要表现;基因检测发现,该患者的EIF2B3基因存在2号外显子c.130G>A(p.G44K)和8号外显子c.934C>G (p.R312G)的复合杂合突变,其中后者位点的突变已有报道,但此突变类型为首次报告,且该患者是中国报道的第2例成人型VWM。2例患者的头颅磁共振成像均表现为弥漫对称性脑白质病变;其中,患者1白质稀薄更突出,患者2主要表现为白质萎缩、脑室扩大。发病年龄是VWM严重程度的临床预测因子,起病越早则病情进展越迅速。应激是发病及神经恶化的诱因,目前VWM尚无有效的治疗方法。该文对上述2个病例进行报道,旨在提升临床医师对疾病的认识及早期诊断的能力,以期延缓疾病的进展、延长患者的生存期。
文摘白质消融性白质脑病(leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter,VWM)是一种常染色体隐性遗传性脑白质病,其致病基因EIF2B 1~5分别编码真核细胞蛋白质翻译起始因子2B(eukaryotic initiation factor 2B,eIF2B)的5个亚基α~ε,其中任一编码基因突变均可引起发病。起病多见于婴幼儿及儿童期,临床表型差异大,典型表现为进行性运动功能退行,可伴共济失调和癫痫。应激(发热、外伤等)可导致发作性加重。影像学显示大脑白质进行性液化。尸解神经病理学特征主要表现为广泛性白质稀疏和囊性变性,无神经胶质细胞反应性增生,星形胶质细胞形态异常,过表达祖细胞标志物巢蛋白(Nestin)和胶质纤维酸性蛋白δ(GFAPδ),少突前体细胞数量增加和成熟少突胶质细胞减少、泡沫化且凋亡增加。VWM致病基因EIF2B 1~5是管家基因,但多数患者通常仅脑白质受累。少数胎儿期及婴儿早期发病的患者可出现多系统受累,成年女性患者可有卵巢功能障碍。目前认为,星形胶质细胞在其致病机制中起着核心作用,病理性星形胶质细胞继发性引起少突胶质细胞成熟障碍和髓鞘形成异常,进而导致脑白质病变。其他疾病机制包括内质网应激后未折叠蛋白反应(UPR)过度激活、线粒体功能障碍、自噬抑制等,尚不完全明确。
