线粒体是细胞内能量代谢的中心,对于维持细胞稳态而言,其形态和功能的调控至关重要。小分子泛素相关修饰物蛋白(small ubiquitin-related modifier protein,SUMO)修饰和发动蛋白相关蛋白1(dynamin-related protein 1,DRP1)在细胞调控中...线粒体是细胞内能量代谢的中心,对于维持细胞稳态而言,其形态和功能的调控至关重要。小分子泛素相关修饰物蛋白(small ubiquitin-related modifier protein,SUMO)修饰和发动蛋白相关蛋白1(dynamin-related protein 1,DRP1)在细胞调控中扮演着重要角色,尤其与线粒体动力学密切相关。SUMO修饰是一种重要的蛋白质修饰形式,通过将靶蛋白与SUMO相连来调节这些蛋白质的功能。而DRP1是线粒体分裂蛋白,负责调节线粒体的形态和功能。近年来研究发现,SUMO修饰与DRP1之间存在复杂的相互作用网络,对于线粒体的分裂、融合、自噬等起着重要作用。在DRP1的可变结构域中,有8个赖氨酸残基可以在线粒体锚定蛋白连接酶(mitochondrial-anchored protein ligase,MAPL)的作用下完成SUMO修饰。并且不同亚型的SUMO蛋白对于DRP1功能的调节也不同。SUMO1修饰会使DRP1向线粒体富集,促进线粒体的分裂;SUMO2/3修饰会使DRP1向细胞质转移,减少线粒体的分裂。在实际的细胞程序中,不同亚型SUMO的修饰水平往往是由SUMO特异性蛋白酶(SUMO-specific proteases,SENPs)的类型决定。线粒体作为细胞中重要的能量供应细胞器,其动力学的异常往往会导致诸多疾病的发生,例如:心肌缺血再灌注性损伤、阿尔茨海默病、脑血栓、视网膜病变等。本文综述了SUMO修饰与DRP1之间相互作用对于线粒体动力学调控的研究进展,为进一步揭示细胞调控机制和发展相关疾病的治疗策略提供一定的参考。展开更多
Telomeres are the unique structure at the end of chromosomes,which pose two special challenges for the cellular DNA replication and repair machinery.Because of the inability of lagging strand synthesis to fully replic...Telomeres are the unique structure at the end of chromosomes,which pose two special challenges for the cellular DNA replication and repair machinery.Because of the inability of lagging strand synthesis to fully replicate a linear template,the chromosome ends is progressively shortening at each replication cycle.The tandem DNA repeats must maintain enough length to allow the cell dividing and mitosing,otherwise the cells would lose the dividing ability and undergo replicative senescence.There are two special pathways to regulate telomere length,which consist of telomerase and alternative lengthening of telomeres(ALT).SUMO is an evolutionarily conserved protein,which is covalently attached to target proteins and alters their conformation,stability,interaction and localization.Currently,a lot of proteins have been proved to be the substrates of SUMOylation.A growing body of evidence implicate that SUMOylation plays a very important role to elongate telomeres in both telomerase and ALT.The Rad5 and Rad52,as well as BLM have been showed either to be modified by SUMO or to interact with SUMO.SUMOylation positively modifies the activity of telomere.展开更多
文摘线粒体是细胞内能量代谢的中心,对于维持细胞稳态而言,其形态和功能的调控至关重要。小分子泛素相关修饰物蛋白(small ubiquitin-related modifier protein,SUMO)修饰和发动蛋白相关蛋白1(dynamin-related protein 1,DRP1)在细胞调控中扮演着重要角色,尤其与线粒体动力学密切相关。SUMO修饰是一种重要的蛋白质修饰形式,通过将靶蛋白与SUMO相连来调节这些蛋白质的功能。而DRP1是线粒体分裂蛋白,负责调节线粒体的形态和功能。近年来研究发现,SUMO修饰与DRP1之间存在复杂的相互作用网络,对于线粒体的分裂、融合、自噬等起着重要作用。在DRP1的可变结构域中,有8个赖氨酸残基可以在线粒体锚定蛋白连接酶(mitochondrial-anchored protein ligase,MAPL)的作用下完成SUMO修饰。并且不同亚型的SUMO蛋白对于DRP1功能的调节也不同。SUMO1修饰会使DRP1向线粒体富集,促进线粒体的分裂;SUMO2/3修饰会使DRP1向细胞质转移,减少线粒体的分裂。在实际的细胞程序中,不同亚型SUMO的修饰水平往往是由SUMO特异性蛋白酶(SUMO-specific proteases,SENPs)的类型决定。线粒体作为细胞中重要的能量供应细胞器,其动力学的异常往往会导致诸多疾病的发生,例如:心肌缺血再灌注性损伤、阿尔茨海默病、脑血栓、视网膜病变等。本文综述了SUMO修饰与DRP1之间相互作用对于线粒体动力学调控的研究进展,为进一步揭示细胞调控机制和发展相关疾病的治疗策略提供一定的参考。
文摘Telomeres are the unique structure at the end of chromosomes,which pose two special challenges for the cellular DNA replication and repair machinery.Because of the inability of lagging strand synthesis to fully replicate a linear template,the chromosome ends is progressively shortening at each replication cycle.The tandem DNA repeats must maintain enough length to allow the cell dividing and mitosing,otherwise the cells would lose the dividing ability and undergo replicative senescence.There are two special pathways to regulate telomere length,which consist of telomerase and alternative lengthening of telomeres(ALT).SUMO is an evolutionarily conserved protein,which is covalently attached to target proteins and alters their conformation,stability,interaction and localization.Currently,a lot of proteins have been proved to be the substrates of SUMOylation.A growing body of evidence implicate that SUMOylation plays a very important role to elongate telomeres in both telomerase and ALT.The Rad5 and Rad52,as well as BLM have been showed either to be modified by SUMO or to interact with SUMO.SUMOylation positively modifies the activity of telomere.
