根据形状记忆合金(SMA)的等应变拉压实验的数据,利用van der Pol环模型模拟了形状记忆合金在加载和卸载过程中的应力应变迟滞环特性。并且根据弹性理论和Galerkin方法建立了形状记忆合金简支梁在受轴向高斯白噪声激励时的振动模型。应...根据形状记忆合金(SMA)的等应变拉压实验的数据,利用van der Pol环模型模拟了形状记忆合金在加载和卸载过程中的应力应变迟滞环特性。并且根据弹性理论和Galerkin方法建立了形状记忆合金简支梁在受轴向高斯白噪声激励时的振动模型。应用拟不可积Hamilton随机平均法将函数表示为一维扩散过程后,通过最大Lyapunov指数判断系统的局部稳定性,同时用奇异边界理论讨论了系统的全局稳定性。随后通过分析稳态概率密度和联合概率密度的图形特征,得到了此模型的随机Hopf分岔现象,并讨论了系统产生随机Hopf分岔的条件。最后,用数值法模拟了系统在特定初始条件和边界条件下可靠性函数和首次穿越时间的概率密度函数所满足的BK(Backward Kolmogorov)方程,并且分析了系统发生首次穿越的条件。展开更多
The objective is to develop an approach for the determination of the target reliability index for serviceability limit state(SLS) of single piles. This contributes to conducting the SLS reliability-based design(RBD) o...The objective is to develop an approach for the determination of the target reliability index for serviceability limit state(SLS) of single piles. This contributes to conducting the SLS reliability-based design(RBD) of piles. Based on a two-parameter,hyperbolic curve-fitting equation describing the load-settlement relation of piles, the SLS model factor is defined. Then, taking into account the uncertainties of load-settlement model, load and bearing capacity of piles, the formula for computing the SLS reliability index(βsls) is obtained using the mean value first order second moment(MVFOSM) method. Meanwhile, the limit state function for conducting the SLS reliability analysis by the Monte Carlo simulation(MCS) method is established. These two methods are finally applied to determine the SLS target reliability index. Herein, the limiting tolerable settlement(slt) is treated as a random variable. For illustration, four load test databases from South Africa are compiled again to conduct reliability analysis and present the recommended target reliability indices. The results indicate that the MVFOSM method overestimates βsls compared to that computed by the MCS method. Besides, both factor of safety(FS) and slt are key factors influencing βsls, so the combination of FS and βsls is welcome to be used for the SLS reliability analysis of piles when slt is determined. For smaller slt, pile types and soils conditions have significant influence on the SLS target reliability indices; for larger slt, slt is the major factor having influence on the SLS target reliability indices. This proves that slt is the most key parameter for the determination of the SLS target reliability index.展开更多
Ride and handling are two paramount factors in design and development of vehicle suspension systems. Conflicting trends in ride and handling characteristics propel engineers toward employing multi-objective optimizati...Ride and handling are two paramount factors in design and development of vehicle suspension systems. Conflicting trends in ride and handling characteristics propel engineers toward employing multi-objective optimization methods capable of providing the best trade-off designs compromising both criteria simultaneously. Although many studies have been performed on multi-objective optimization of vehicle suspension system, only a few of them have used probabilistic approaches considering effects of uncertainties in the design. However, it has been proved that optimum point obtained from deterministic optimization without taking into account the effects of uncertainties may lead to high-risk points instead of optimum ones. In this work, reliability-based robust multi-objective optimization of a 5 degree of freedom （5-DOF） vehicle suspension system is performed using method of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II （NSGA-II） in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulation （MCS） to obtain best designs considering both comfort and handling. Road profile is modeled as a random function using power spectral density （PSD） which is in better accordance with reality. To accommodate the robust approach, the variance of all objective functions is also considered to be minimized. Also, to take into account the reliability criterion, a reliability-based constraint is considered in the optimization. A deterministic optimization has also been performed to compare the results with probabilistic study and some other deterministic studies in the literature. In addition, sensitivity analysis has been performed to reveal the effects of different design variables on objective functions. To introduce the best trade-off points from the obtained Pareto fronts, TOPSIS method has been employed. Results show that optimum design point obtained from probabilistic optimization in this work provides better performance while demonstrating very good reliability and robustness. However, other optimum points from deterministic optimizations violate the regarded constraints in the presence of uncertainties.展开更多
文摘根据形状记忆合金(SMA)的等应变拉压实验的数据,利用van der Pol环模型模拟了形状记忆合金在加载和卸载过程中的应力应变迟滞环特性。并且根据弹性理论和Galerkin方法建立了形状记忆合金简支梁在受轴向高斯白噪声激励时的振动模型。应用拟不可积Hamilton随机平均法将函数表示为一维扩散过程后,通过最大Lyapunov指数判断系统的局部稳定性,同时用奇异边界理论讨论了系统的全局稳定性。随后通过分析稳态概率密度和联合概率密度的图形特征,得到了此模型的随机Hopf分岔现象,并讨论了系统产生随机Hopf分岔的条件。最后,用数值法模拟了系统在特定初始条件和边界条件下可靠性函数和首次穿越时间的概率密度函数所满足的BK(Backward Kolmogorov)方程,并且分析了系统发生首次穿越的条件。
基金Projects(51278216,51308241)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013BS010)supported by the Funds of Henan University of Technology for High-level Talents,China
文摘The objective is to develop an approach for the determination of the target reliability index for serviceability limit state(SLS) of single piles. This contributes to conducting the SLS reliability-based design(RBD) of piles. Based on a two-parameter,hyperbolic curve-fitting equation describing the load-settlement relation of piles, the SLS model factor is defined. Then, taking into account the uncertainties of load-settlement model, load and bearing capacity of piles, the formula for computing the SLS reliability index(βsls) is obtained using the mean value first order second moment(MVFOSM) method. Meanwhile, the limit state function for conducting the SLS reliability analysis by the Monte Carlo simulation(MCS) method is established. These two methods are finally applied to determine the SLS target reliability index. Herein, the limiting tolerable settlement(slt) is treated as a random variable. For illustration, four load test databases from South Africa are compiled again to conduct reliability analysis and present the recommended target reliability indices. The results indicate that the MVFOSM method overestimates βsls compared to that computed by the MCS method. Besides, both factor of safety(FS) and slt are key factors influencing βsls, so the combination of FS and βsls is welcome to be used for the SLS reliability analysis of piles when slt is determined. For smaller slt, pile types and soils conditions have significant influence on the SLS target reliability indices; for larger slt, slt is the major factor having influence on the SLS target reliability indices. This proves that slt is the most key parameter for the determination of the SLS target reliability index.
文摘Ride and handling are two paramount factors in design and development of vehicle suspension systems. Conflicting trends in ride and handling characteristics propel engineers toward employing multi-objective optimization methods capable of providing the best trade-off designs compromising both criteria simultaneously. Although many studies have been performed on multi-objective optimization of vehicle suspension system, only a few of them have used probabilistic approaches considering effects of uncertainties in the design. However, it has been proved that optimum point obtained from deterministic optimization without taking into account the effects of uncertainties may lead to high-risk points instead of optimum ones. In this work, reliability-based robust multi-objective optimization of a 5 degree of freedom （5-DOF） vehicle suspension system is performed using method of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II （NSGA-II） in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulation （MCS） to obtain best designs considering both comfort and handling. Road profile is modeled as a random function using power spectral density （PSD） which is in better accordance with reality. To accommodate the robust approach, the variance of all objective functions is also considered to be minimized. Also, to take into account the reliability criterion, a reliability-based constraint is considered in the optimization. A deterministic optimization has also been performed to compare the results with probabilistic study and some other deterministic studies in the literature. In addition, sensitivity analysis has been performed to reveal the effects of different design variables on objective functions. To introduce the best trade-off points from the obtained Pareto fronts, TOPSIS method has been employed. Results show that optimum design point obtained from probabilistic optimization in this work provides better performance while demonstrating very good reliability and robustness. However, other optimum points from deterministic optimizations violate the regarded constraints in the presence of uncertainties.
