Flow characteristics of both oil and water in a horizontal pipe are the basic information for the design of crude oil transportation and production profile logging.The flow characteristics are more complicated when oi...Flow characteristics of both oil and water in a horizontal pipe are the basic information for the design of crude oil transportation and production profile logging.The flow characteristics are more complicated when oil or water carries sediment particles.In order to simulate the distribution of flow characteristic parameters of water-or oil-sediment mixture in a horizontal pipe,the governing equations and the boundary condition for the mixture phase of water-or oil-sediment were established by the mixture algebraic slip model (MASM) based on the Eulerian description method,and the numerical solution was obtained by the finite difference method and successive over relaxation (SOR).The simulation results indicated that the mainstream velocity moved downwards with increasing volume fraction of the particle phase and decreased with reducing pressure drop.The distributions of the volume fraction of the particle phase in the circular cross section were related to the mainstream velocity,and the volume fraction values increased downwards and sidewards with reducing mainstream velocity.Moreover the mainstream velocity of the oil-sediment mixture phase was larger than that of the water-sediment mixture phase.The mixture algebraic slip model could well simulate the flow characteristic parameters of the mixture phase with higher computing efficiency.展开更多
以湖南省黄丰桥国有林场103块样地共2461株杉木为例,建立单木冠幅模型。由于所调查数据是在不同立地条件下相同样地中重复观察得到,数据间存在明显相关性,为解决此问题,将考虑立地指数和样地对冠幅生长的随机影响,即建立嵌套2水平非线...以湖南省黄丰桥国有林场103块样地共2461株杉木为例,建立单木冠幅模型。由于所调查数据是在不同立地条件下相同样地中重复观察得到,数据间存在明显相关性,为解决此问题,将考虑立地指数和样地对冠幅生长的随机影响,即建立嵌套2水平非线性混合冠幅模型。从12个常用林分模型中选出较好的冠幅直径模型作为构建混合模型的基础模型。除胸高直径外,还考虑其他17个林分或树木因子对冠幅的影响。通过指标AIC(akaike information criterion)和对数似然确定最佳形式参数随机效应组合类型,用指数函数、幂函数以及常数加幂函数3种形式的残差方差模型消除异方差,最后对混合模型和传统回归模型进行比较及评价。结果表明:逻辑斯蒂形式的冠幅直径模型[模型(13)]拟合效果较好,选择为基础模型;胸径、冠底高、树高和样地优势高是影响冠幅的主要因子;幂函数消除异方差效果最好;与立地指数相比,立地指数与样地的嵌套效应对冠幅影响更大;模型(15)的嵌套2水平比总体平均水平和立地指数水平预测精度高,相比于模型(13)有明显改进。本文主要为方法研究,对于其他树种可以用相似方法构建冠幅模型。展开更多
The condensation heat transfer and pressure drop investigation of kerosene-air mixture gas (the range of noncondensable gas mass quantity is 5%-52%) in horizontal tube was carried out.According to the liquid film turb...The condensation heat transfer and pressure drop investigation of kerosene-air mixture gas (the range of noncondensable gas mass quantity is 5%-52%) in horizontal tube was carried out.According to the liquid film turbulent model,both heat conduction and turbulent heat transfer of liquid film at high speed of gas determine the condensation heat transfer of mixture gas.Condensation heat transfer coefficient could be predicted by Re and Co of liquid film.The correlation of condensation heat transfer coefficient was established.展开更多
文摘Flow characteristics of both oil and water in a horizontal pipe are the basic information for the design of crude oil transportation and production profile logging.The flow characteristics are more complicated when oil or water carries sediment particles.In order to simulate the distribution of flow characteristic parameters of water-or oil-sediment mixture in a horizontal pipe,the governing equations and the boundary condition for the mixture phase of water-or oil-sediment were established by the mixture algebraic slip model (MASM) based on the Eulerian description method,and the numerical solution was obtained by the finite difference method and successive over relaxation (SOR).The simulation results indicated that the mainstream velocity moved downwards with increasing volume fraction of the particle phase and decreased with reducing pressure drop.The distributions of the volume fraction of the particle phase in the circular cross section were related to the mainstream velocity,and the volume fraction values increased downwards and sidewards with reducing mainstream velocity.Moreover the mainstream velocity of the oil-sediment mixture phase was larger than that of the water-sediment mixture phase.The mixture algebraic slip model could well simulate the flow characteristic parameters of the mixture phase with higher computing efficiency.
文摘以湖南省黄丰桥国有林场103块样地共2461株杉木为例,建立单木冠幅模型。由于所调查数据是在不同立地条件下相同样地中重复观察得到,数据间存在明显相关性,为解决此问题,将考虑立地指数和样地对冠幅生长的随机影响,即建立嵌套2水平非线性混合冠幅模型。从12个常用林分模型中选出较好的冠幅直径模型作为构建混合模型的基础模型。除胸高直径外,还考虑其他17个林分或树木因子对冠幅的影响。通过指标AIC(akaike information criterion)和对数似然确定最佳形式参数随机效应组合类型,用指数函数、幂函数以及常数加幂函数3种形式的残差方差模型消除异方差,最后对混合模型和传统回归模型进行比较及评价。结果表明:逻辑斯蒂形式的冠幅直径模型[模型(13)]拟合效果较好,选择为基础模型;胸径、冠底高、树高和样地优势高是影响冠幅的主要因子;幂函数消除异方差效果最好;与立地指数相比,立地指数与样地的嵌套效应对冠幅影响更大;模型(15)的嵌套2水平比总体平均水平和立地指数水平预测精度高,相比于模型(13)有明显改进。本文主要为方法研究,对于其他树种可以用相似方法构建冠幅模型。
文摘The condensation heat transfer and pressure drop investigation of kerosene-air mixture gas (the range of noncondensable gas mass quantity is 5%-52%) in horizontal tube was carried out.According to the liquid film turbulent model,both heat conduction and turbulent heat transfer of liquid film at high speed of gas determine the condensation heat transfer of mixture gas.Condensation heat transfer coefficient could be predicted by Re and Co of liquid film.The correlation of condensation heat transfer coefficient was established.
