Objective Magnetoencephalography(MEG),a non-invasive neuroimaging technique,meticulously captures the magnetic fields emanating from brain electrical activity.Compared with MEG based on superconducting quantum interfe...Objective Magnetoencephalography(MEG),a non-invasive neuroimaging technique,meticulously captures the magnetic fields emanating from brain electrical activity.Compared with MEG based on superconducting quantum interference devices(SQUID),MEG based on optically pump magnetometer(OPM)has the advantages of higher sensitivity,better spatial resolution and lower cost.However,most of the current studies are clinical studies,and there is a lack of animal studies on MEG based on OPM technology.Pain,a multifaceted sensory and emotional phenomenon,induces intricate alterations in brain activity,exhibiting notable sex differences.Despite clinical revelations of pain-related neuronal activity through MEG,specific properties remain elusive,and comprehensive laboratory studies on pain-associated brain activity alterations are lacking.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inflammatory pain(induced by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant(CFA))on brain activity in a rat model using the MEG technique,to analysis changes in brain activity during pain perception,and to explore sex differences in pain-related MEG signaling.Methods This study utilized adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats.Inflammatory pain was induced via intraplantar injection of CFA(100μl,50%in saline)in the left hind paw,with control groups receiving saline.Pain behavior was assessed using von Frey filaments at baseline and 1 h post-injection.For MEG recording,anesthetized rats had an OPM positioned on their head within a magnetic shield,undergoing two 15-minute sessions:a 5-minute baseline followed by a 10-minute mechanical stimulation phase.Data analysis included artifact removal and time-frequency analysis of spontaneous brain activity using accumulated spectrograms,generating spectrograms focused on the 4-30 Hz frequency range.Results MEG recordings in anesthetized rats during resting states and hind paw mechanical stimulation were compared,before and after saline/CFA injections.Mechanical stimulation elevated alpha activity in both male and female rats pre-and post-saline/CFA injections.Saline/CFA injections augmented average power in both sexes compared to pre-injection states.Remarkably,female rats exhibited higher average spectral power 1 h after CFA injection than after saline injection during resting states.Furthermore,despite comparable pain thresholds measured by classical pain behavioral tests post-CFA treatment,female rats displayed higher average power than males in the resting state after CFA injection.Conclusion These results imply an enhanced perception of inflammatory pain in female rats compared to their male counterparts.Our study exhibits sex differences in alpha activities following CFA injection,highlighting heightened brain alpha activity in female rats during acute inflammatory pain in the resting state.Our study provides a method for OPM-based MEG recordings to be used to study brain activity in anaesthetized animals.In addition,the findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of pain-related neural activity and pain sex differences.展开更多
Group testing is a method that can be used to estimate the prevalence of rare infectious diseases,which can effectively save time and reduce costs compared to the method of random sampling.However,previous literature ...Group testing is a method that can be used to estimate the prevalence of rare infectious diseases,which can effectively save time and reduce costs compared to the method of random sampling.However,previous literature only demonstrated the optimality of group testing strategy while estimating prevalence under some strong assumptions.This article weakens the assumption of misclassification rate in the previous literature,considers the misclassification rate of the infected samples as a differentiable function of the pool size,and explores some optimal properties of group testing for estimating prevalence in the presence of differential misclassification conforming to this assumption.This article theoretically demonstrates that the group testing strategy performs better than the sample by sample procedure in estimating disease prevalence when the total number of sample pools is given or the size of the test population is determined.Numerical simulation experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of group tests in estimating prevalence in the presence of dilution effect.展开更多
A comparative study on the phenotypic and genetic characteristics among Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans （AF2）, a typic strain ATCC23270 and a previously isolated strain AF3 was performed. AF2 can use ferrous ion （F...A comparative study on the phenotypic and genetic characteristics among Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans （AF2）, a typic strain ATCC23270 and a previously isolated strain AF3 was performed. AF2 can use ferrous ion （Fe^2＋） or elemental sulfur （S^0） as sole energy source, but oxidizes So more effectively than Fe^2＋, which is different from ATCC23270 and AF3. The G＋C content of AF2 is 51.8% （molar fraction）, however, ATCC23270 and AF3 strains have G＋C content of 63.7% and 64.8% （molar fraction）, respectively. The DNA-DNA hybridization results show that AF2 has 41.53% and 52.38% genome similarity to ATCC 23270 and AF3, respectively, but AF3 has a high genome similarity of 89.86% to ATCC 23270 strain. Rusticyanin （rus） and subunit III of aa3-type cytochrome oxidase （coxC） genes are not detected in AF2, but Fe^2＋ oxidase （iro） gene can be detected. To understand the genomic organization of iro gene, a cosmid library of AF2 genome was constructed and iro gene-containing clone was screened. The sequencing result shows that although the nucleotide sequence of iro gene in AF2 is completely identical to that of ATCC 23270 strain, its genomic organization is different from that of ATCC 23270. In AF2, iro is located at downstream ofpurA gene, while it is located at downstream ofpetC-2 gene in ATCC 23270 strain. These results indicate that AF2 is a novel strain ofA. ferrooxidans, and that phenotypic differences among the strains ofA. ferrooxidans are closely correlated with their genetic polymorphisms.展开更多
Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden ...Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden of NVL in China by sex and age groups from 1990 to 2021 and to project trends over the next 15 years.Methods:Using data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 database,we conducted descriptive analyses of NVL prevalence in China,calculated age-standardized prevalence rates(ASPR)and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rates(ASDR)to compare burden differences between sexes and age groups,and applied an autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model to predict NVL trends for the next 15 years.The model selection was based on best-fit criteria to ensure reliable projections.Results:From 1990 to 2021,China’s ASPR of NVL rose from 10096.24/100000 to 15624.54/100000,and ASDR increased from 101.75/100000 to 158.75/100000.In 2021,ASPR(16551.70/100000)and ASDR(167.69/100000)were higher among females than males(14686.21/100000 and 149.76/100000,respectively).China ranked highest globally in both NVL cases and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),with female burden significantly exceeding male burden.Projections indicated this trend and sex gap will persist until 2036.Compared with 1990,the prevalence cases and DALYs increased by 239.20%and 238.82%,respectively in 2021,with the highest burden among females and the 55−59 age group.The ARIMA model predicted continued increases in prevalence and DALYs by 2036,with females maintaining a higher burden than males.Conclusion:This study reveals a marked increase in the NVL burden in China and predicts continued growth in the coming years.Public health policies should prioritize NVL prevention and control,with special attention to women and middle-aged populations to mitigate long-term societal and health impacts.展开更多
文摘Objective Magnetoencephalography(MEG),a non-invasive neuroimaging technique,meticulously captures the magnetic fields emanating from brain electrical activity.Compared with MEG based on superconducting quantum interference devices(SQUID),MEG based on optically pump magnetometer(OPM)has the advantages of higher sensitivity,better spatial resolution and lower cost.However,most of the current studies are clinical studies,and there is a lack of animal studies on MEG based on OPM technology.Pain,a multifaceted sensory and emotional phenomenon,induces intricate alterations in brain activity,exhibiting notable sex differences.Despite clinical revelations of pain-related neuronal activity through MEG,specific properties remain elusive,and comprehensive laboratory studies on pain-associated brain activity alterations are lacking.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inflammatory pain(induced by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant(CFA))on brain activity in a rat model using the MEG technique,to analysis changes in brain activity during pain perception,and to explore sex differences in pain-related MEG signaling.Methods This study utilized adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats.Inflammatory pain was induced via intraplantar injection of CFA(100μl,50%in saline)in the left hind paw,with control groups receiving saline.Pain behavior was assessed using von Frey filaments at baseline and 1 h post-injection.For MEG recording,anesthetized rats had an OPM positioned on their head within a magnetic shield,undergoing two 15-minute sessions:a 5-minute baseline followed by a 10-minute mechanical stimulation phase.Data analysis included artifact removal and time-frequency analysis of spontaneous brain activity using accumulated spectrograms,generating spectrograms focused on the 4-30 Hz frequency range.Results MEG recordings in anesthetized rats during resting states and hind paw mechanical stimulation were compared,before and after saline/CFA injections.Mechanical stimulation elevated alpha activity in both male and female rats pre-and post-saline/CFA injections.Saline/CFA injections augmented average power in both sexes compared to pre-injection states.Remarkably,female rats exhibited higher average spectral power 1 h after CFA injection than after saline injection during resting states.Furthermore,despite comparable pain thresholds measured by classical pain behavioral tests post-CFA treatment,female rats displayed higher average power than males in the resting state after CFA injection.Conclusion These results imply an enhanced perception of inflammatory pain in female rats compared to their male counterparts.Our study exhibits sex differences in alpha activities following CFA injection,highlighting heightened brain alpha activity in female rats during acute inflammatory pain in the resting state.Our study provides a method for OPM-based MEG recordings to be used to study brain activity in anaesthetized animals.In addition,the findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of pain-related neural activity and pain sex differences.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72091212).
文摘Group testing is a method that can be used to estimate the prevalence of rare infectious diseases,which can effectively save time and reduce costs compared to the method of random sampling.However,previous literature only demonstrated the optimality of group testing strategy while estimating prevalence under some strong assumptions.This article weakens the assumption of misclassification rate in the previous literature,considers the misclassification rate of the infected samples as a differentiable function of the pool size,and explores some optimal properties of group testing for estimating prevalence in the presence of differential misclassification conforming to this assumption.This article theoretically demonstrates that the group testing strategy performs better than the sample by sample procedure in estimating disease prevalence when the total number of sample pools is given or the size of the test population is determined.Numerical simulation experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of group tests in estimating prevalence in the presence of dilution effect.
基金Project(200805032) supported by the Scientific Research Program of Marine Public Welfare Industry of China
文摘A comparative study on the phenotypic and genetic characteristics among Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans （AF2）, a typic strain ATCC23270 and a previously isolated strain AF3 was performed. AF2 can use ferrous ion （Fe^2＋） or elemental sulfur （S^0） as sole energy source, but oxidizes So more effectively than Fe^2＋, which is different from ATCC23270 and AF3. The G＋C content of AF2 is 51.8% （molar fraction）, however, ATCC23270 and AF3 strains have G＋C content of 63.7% and 64.8% （molar fraction）, respectively. The DNA-DNA hybridization results show that AF2 has 41.53% and 52.38% genome similarity to ATCC 23270 and AF3, respectively, but AF3 has a high genome similarity of 89.86% to ATCC 23270 strain. Rusticyanin （rus） and subunit III of aa3-type cytochrome oxidase （coxC） genes are not detected in AF2, but Fe^2＋ oxidase （iro） gene can be detected. To understand the genomic organization of iro gene, a cosmid library of AF2 genome was constructed and iro gene-containing clone was screened. The sequencing result shows that although the nucleotide sequence of iro gene in AF2 is completely identical to that of ATCC 23270 strain, its genomic organization is different from that of ATCC 23270. In AF2, iro is located at downstream ofpurA gene, while it is located at downstream ofpetC-2 gene in ATCC 23270 strain. These results indicate that AF2 is a novel strain ofA. ferrooxidans, and that phenotypic differences among the strains ofA. ferrooxidans are closely correlated with their genetic polymorphisms.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ30817)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation-Hengyang City Joint Fund Project(2025JJ70129)+1 种基金Changsha Natural Science Foundation(kq2403057)China。
文摘Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden of NVL in China by sex and age groups from 1990 to 2021 and to project trends over the next 15 years.Methods:Using data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 database,we conducted descriptive analyses of NVL prevalence in China,calculated age-standardized prevalence rates(ASPR)and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rates(ASDR)to compare burden differences between sexes and age groups,and applied an autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model to predict NVL trends for the next 15 years.The model selection was based on best-fit criteria to ensure reliable projections.Results:From 1990 to 2021,China’s ASPR of NVL rose from 10096.24/100000 to 15624.54/100000,and ASDR increased from 101.75/100000 to 158.75/100000.In 2021,ASPR(16551.70/100000)and ASDR(167.69/100000)were higher among females than males(14686.21/100000 and 149.76/100000,respectively).China ranked highest globally in both NVL cases and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),with female burden significantly exceeding male burden.Projections indicated this trend and sex gap will persist until 2036.Compared with 1990,the prevalence cases and DALYs increased by 239.20%and 238.82%,respectively in 2021,with the highest burden among females and the 55−59 age group.The ARIMA model predicted continued increases in prevalence and DALYs by 2036,with females maintaining a higher burden than males.Conclusion:This study reveals a marked increase in the NVL burden in China and predicts continued growth in the coming years.Public health policies should prioritize NVL prevention and control,with special attention to women and middle-aged populations to mitigate long-term societal and health impacts.
