This study demonstrates the design and application of a novel high temperature rotatory apparatus for insitu synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies of molten salts,facilitating investigation into the interaction betwee...This study demonstrates the design and application of a novel high temperature rotatory apparatus for insitu synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies of molten salts,facilitating investigation into the interaction between various structural materials and molten salts.The apparatus enables accurate detection of every phase change during hightemperature experiments,including strong reaction processes like corrosion.Molten salts,such as chlorides or fluo⁃rides,together with the structure materials,are inserted into either quartz or boron nitride capillaries,where X-ray diffraction pattern can be continuously collected,as the samples are heated to high temperature.The replacement re⁃action,when molten ZnCl2 are etching Ti3AlC2,can be clearly observed through changes in diffraction peak intensity as well as expansion in c-axis lattice parameter of the hexagonal matrix,due to the larger atomic number and ionic ra⁃dius of Zn2+.Furthermore,we investigated the high-temperature corrosion process when GH3535 alloy is in FLiNaK molten salt,and can help to optimize its stability for potential applications in molten salt reactor.Additionally,this high temperature apparatus is fully compatible with the combined usage of X-ray diffraction and Raman technique,providing both bulk and surface structural information.This high temperature apparatus has been open to users and is extensively used at BL14B1 beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.展开更多
The high-temperature requirement for liquid iron smelting via molten oxide electrolysis presents significant challenges.This study investigates the electrochemical reduction of Fe(Ⅲ)in a novel low-temperature electro...The high-temperature requirement for liquid iron smelting via molten oxide electrolysis presents significant challenges.This study investigates the electrochemical reduction of Fe(Ⅲ)in a novel low-temperature electrolyte,Na_(2)SiO_(3)-SiO_(2)-Fe_(2)O_(3),utilizing cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry techniques.The results show that Fe(Ⅲ)reduction occurs in two steps:Fe(Ⅲ)+e^(−)→Fe(Ⅱ),Fe(Ⅱ)+2e^(−)→Fe,and that the redox process of Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)at the tungsten electrode is an irreversible reaction controlled by diffusion.The diffusion coefficients of Fe(Ⅲ)in the molten Na_(2)SiO_(3)-SiO_(2)-Fe_(2)O_(3)in the temperature range of 1248–1278 K are between 1.86×10^(−6)cm^(2)/s and 1.58×10^(−4)cm^(2)/s.The diffusion activation energy of Fe(Ⅲ)in the molten salt is 1825.41 kJ/mol.As confirmed by XRD analysis,potentiostatic electrolysis at−0.857 V(vs.O_(2)/O_(complex)^(2-))for 6 h produces metallic iron on the cathode.展开更多
高炉铁口铁水温度场(Molten iron temperature field,MITF)是表征铁水质量、判断炉温状况的重要信息.然而高炉出铁场动态粉尘的干扰使得铁水温度场的在线准确获取充满挑战.为此,首次提出基于红外与可见光视觉的高炉铁口铁水温度场检测方...高炉铁口铁水温度场(Molten iron temperature field,MITF)是表征铁水质量、判断炉温状况的重要信息.然而高炉出铁场动态粉尘的干扰使得铁水温度场的在线准确获取充满挑战.为此,首次提出基于红外与可见光视觉的高炉铁口铁水温度场检测方法,利用可见光图像为红外视觉测温提供先验粉尘干扰情况.首先,设计红外与可见光视觉协同的测温系统,同步获取高炉铁口铁水流的红外图像和可见光图像,铁水流红外图像表征铁水原始温度场信息,可见光图像为量化粉尘透射率提供数据基础.其次,构建基于色彩一致性的可见光图像中粉尘透射率估计模型和基于雾线先验的红外图像中粉尘透射率估计模型,得到红外波段下粉尘透射率.最后,结合红外辐射测温原理,构建基于粉尘透射率的红外测温近似补偿模型,实现铁水温度场的针对性补偿,获取误差较小的铁水温度.工业实验表明,相比于仅利用红外视觉测量铁水温度场,所提方法能够显著降低粉尘造成的测温误差,为高炉调控提供连续可靠的铁水温度数据.展开更多
针对稠油注汽系统高耗能、高碳排放的问题,开展适用于稠油注汽的电热熔盐储能注汽技术研究,以实现稠油绿色开发。利用Abaqus软件模拟方法和系统综合热效率评价方法对系统工况进行优化设计,并开展现场试验。研究表明:电热熔盐储能注汽技...针对稠油注汽系统高耗能、高碳排放的问题,开展适用于稠油注汽的电热熔盐储能注汽技术研究,以实现稠油绿色开发。利用Abaqus软件模拟方法和系统综合热效率评价方法对系统工况进行优化设计,并开展现场试验。研究表明:电热熔盐储能注汽技术通过消纳绿电/谷电替代燃烧化石能源生产稠油注汽用湿饱和蒸汽的技术可行;蒸汽预热系统的蒸汽流量随蒸汽压力变化波动范围小,有利于系统稳定运行,是电热熔盐储能注汽系统的优选预热工艺;电热熔盐储能注汽系统负荷率为60%~100%时,系统综合热效率为92.61%~94.34%,且系统综合热效率随系统运行负荷的增加而提升;系统综合热效率的试验值平均数比理论计算值平均数低0.44个百分点,偏差小;与现有燃气注汽锅炉相比,试验站年产蒸汽4.8×10^(4) t,替代天然气313×10^(4) m 3,CO_(2)减排6768 t。该技术可为稠油注汽系统实现绿色转型发展提供技术支撑和实践指导,系统综合热效率评价方法可用于指导工程设计。展开更多
基金CAS Photon Science Research Center for Carbon DioxideCAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(2024PVA0097)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0403000,2017YFA0402800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1932201,U1732121)。
文摘This study demonstrates the design and application of a novel high temperature rotatory apparatus for insitu synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies of molten salts,facilitating investigation into the interaction between various structural materials and molten salts.The apparatus enables accurate detection of every phase change during hightemperature experiments,including strong reaction processes like corrosion.Molten salts,such as chlorides or fluo⁃rides,together with the structure materials,are inserted into either quartz or boron nitride capillaries,where X-ray diffraction pattern can be continuously collected,as the samples are heated to high temperature.The replacement re⁃action,when molten ZnCl2 are etching Ti3AlC2,can be clearly observed through changes in diffraction peak intensity as well as expansion in c-axis lattice parameter of the hexagonal matrix,due to the larger atomic number and ionic ra⁃dius of Zn2+.Furthermore,we investigated the high-temperature corrosion process when GH3535 alloy is in FLiNaK molten salt,and can help to optimize its stability for potential applications in molten salt reactor.Additionally,this high temperature apparatus is fully compatible with the combined usage of X-ray diffraction and Raman technique,providing both bulk and surface structural information.This high temperature apparatus has been open to users and is extensively used at BL14B1 beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.
基金Project(52074084)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘The high-temperature requirement for liquid iron smelting via molten oxide electrolysis presents significant challenges.This study investigates the electrochemical reduction of Fe(Ⅲ)in a novel low-temperature electrolyte,Na_(2)SiO_(3)-SiO_(2)-Fe_(2)O_(3),utilizing cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry techniques.The results show that Fe(Ⅲ)reduction occurs in two steps:Fe(Ⅲ)+e^(−)→Fe(Ⅱ),Fe(Ⅱ)+2e^(−)→Fe,and that the redox process of Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)at the tungsten electrode is an irreversible reaction controlled by diffusion.The diffusion coefficients of Fe(Ⅲ)in the molten Na_(2)SiO_(3)-SiO_(2)-Fe_(2)O_(3)in the temperature range of 1248–1278 K are between 1.86×10^(−6)cm^(2)/s and 1.58×10^(−4)cm^(2)/s.The diffusion activation energy of Fe(Ⅲ)in the molten salt is 1825.41 kJ/mol.As confirmed by XRD analysis,potentiostatic electrolysis at−0.857 V(vs.O_(2)/O_(complex)^(2-))for 6 h produces metallic iron on the cathode.
文摘高炉铁口铁水温度场(Molten iron temperature field,MITF)是表征铁水质量、判断炉温状况的重要信息.然而高炉出铁场动态粉尘的干扰使得铁水温度场的在线准确获取充满挑战.为此,首次提出基于红外与可见光视觉的高炉铁口铁水温度场检测方法,利用可见光图像为红外视觉测温提供先验粉尘干扰情况.首先,设计红外与可见光视觉协同的测温系统,同步获取高炉铁口铁水流的红外图像和可见光图像,铁水流红外图像表征铁水原始温度场信息,可见光图像为量化粉尘透射率提供数据基础.其次,构建基于色彩一致性的可见光图像中粉尘透射率估计模型和基于雾线先验的红外图像中粉尘透射率估计模型,得到红外波段下粉尘透射率.最后,结合红外辐射测温原理,构建基于粉尘透射率的红外测温近似补偿模型,实现铁水温度场的针对性补偿,获取误差较小的铁水温度.工业实验表明,相比于仅利用红外视觉测量铁水温度场,所提方法能够显著降低粉尘造成的测温误差,为高炉调控提供连续可靠的铁水温度数据.
文摘针对稠油注汽系统高耗能、高碳排放的问题,开展适用于稠油注汽的电热熔盐储能注汽技术研究,以实现稠油绿色开发。利用Abaqus软件模拟方法和系统综合热效率评价方法对系统工况进行优化设计,并开展现场试验。研究表明:电热熔盐储能注汽技术通过消纳绿电/谷电替代燃烧化石能源生产稠油注汽用湿饱和蒸汽的技术可行;蒸汽预热系统的蒸汽流量随蒸汽压力变化波动范围小,有利于系统稳定运行,是电热熔盐储能注汽系统的优选预热工艺;电热熔盐储能注汽系统负荷率为60%~100%时,系统综合热效率为92.61%~94.34%,且系统综合热效率随系统运行负荷的增加而提升;系统综合热效率的试验值平均数比理论计算值平均数低0.44个百分点,偏差小;与现有燃气注汽锅炉相比,试验站年产蒸汽4.8×10^(4) t,替代天然气313×10^(4) m 3,CO_(2)减排6768 t。该技术可为稠油注汽系统实现绿色转型发展提供技术支撑和实践指导,系统综合热效率评价方法可用于指导工程设计。
