OBJECTIVE The greatest challenge in chemotherapy of ischemic stroke is the construction a suitable delivery system to overcome the poor physicochemical properties of drug and its low permeability across the blood brai...OBJECTIVE The greatest challenge in chemotherapy of ischemic stroke is the construction a suitable delivery system to overcome the poor physicochemical properties of drug and its low permeability across the blood brain barrier(BBB).METHODS In the present study,dendrimer,polyamidoamine(PAMAM),was synthesized as the nano-drug carriers.Angiopep-2,which has been proved excellent ability to cross the BBB,was exploited as the targeting ligand to conjugate PAMAM via bifunctional polyethylene glycol(PEG).Then scutellarin(STA)was encapsulated into the functionalized nanoparticles(NPs)to formulate Angiopep-2 modified STA-loaded PEG-PAMAM NPs.Ischemic stroke model was established to evaluate the treatment efficacy and protective mechanism of Angiopep-2-STA-PEG-PAMAM NPs.RESULTS The pharmacokinetics and biodistribu-tion demonstrated that Angiopep-2-STA-PEG-PAMAM NPs exhibited significantly higher plasma concentration from 1 h to 10 h after intravenous administration and improve accumulation in brain(4.7-fold)compared with STA solution.Moreover,prolonged elimination half-life(4.8-fold)and lower clearance(3.4-fold)were observed.The brain uptake study of 6-coumarin confirmed that Angiopep-2-PEG-PAMAM NPs possessed better brain targeting efficacy(3.2-fold)than PEG-PAMAM NPs.Angiopep-2-STA-PEG-PAMAM NPs obviously ameliorated infarct volume,neurological deficit,histopathological severity and neuronal apoptosis.In addition,Angiopep-2-STA-PEG-PAMAM NPs markedly inhibited the calcium content and the levels of IL-12p40,IL-13,IL-17 and IL-23.Furthermore,Angiopep-2-STA-PEG-PAMAM NPs significantly decreased the m RNA and protein expressions of HMGB1,TLR2,TLR4,TLR5,My D88,TRIF,TRAM,IRAK-4,TRAF6,IкBα,IKKβand NF-кBp65.CONCLUSION The results suggested that Angiopep-2modified scutellarin-loaded PEG-PAMAM nanocarriers possessed remarkable neuroprotective effects on ischemic stroke through modulation of inflammatory cascades and HMGB1/TLRs/MyD 88-induced NF-κB activation pathways.展开更多
植被覆盖层对微波遥感反演地表土壤水分产生重要影响。以河北省景县为研究区,基于Sentinel-1 SAR遥感数据和Sentinel-2光学遥感数据,采用改进水云模型和Oh模型的组合方法,对植被覆盖地表土壤水分进行定量反演研究。结果表明:在Sentinel-...植被覆盖层对微波遥感反演地表土壤水分产生重要影响。以河北省景县为研究区,基于Sentinel-1 SAR遥感数据和Sentinel-2光学遥感数据,采用改进水云模型和Oh模型的组合方法,对植被覆盖地表土壤水分进行定量反演研究。结果表明:在Sentinel-1 VV极化条件下,改进水云模型和Oh模型的组合方法具有较高的反演精度,决定系数(R 2)为0.6530,均方根误差(RMSE)为0.0401 cm 3·cm^-3,平均绝对误差(MAE)为0.0327 cm 3·cm^-3,这3项反演精度评价指标均优于VH极化。该方法在获取高空间分辨率和高精度的植被覆盖区农田土壤水分信息方面具有较高的应用价值。展开更多
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 21476054)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(B201407)
文摘OBJECTIVE The greatest challenge in chemotherapy of ischemic stroke is the construction a suitable delivery system to overcome the poor physicochemical properties of drug and its low permeability across the blood brain barrier(BBB).METHODS In the present study,dendrimer,polyamidoamine(PAMAM),was synthesized as the nano-drug carriers.Angiopep-2,which has been proved excellent ability to cross the BBB,was exploited as the targeting ligand to conjugate PAMAM via bifunctional polyethylene glycol(PEG).Then scutellarin(STA)was encapsulated into the functionalized nanoparticles(NPs)to formulate Angiopep-2 modified STA-loaded PEG-PAMAM NPs.Ischemic stroke model was established to evaluate the treatment efficacy and protective mechanism of Angiopep-2-STA-PEG-PAMAM NPs.RESULTS The pharmacokinetics and biodistribu-tion demonstrated that Angiopep-2-STA-PEG-PAMAM NPs exhibited significantly higher plasma concentration from 1 h to 10 h after intravenous administration and improve accumulation in brain(4.7-fold)compared with STA solution.Moreover,prolonged elimination half-life(4.8-fold)and lower clearance(3.4-fold)were observed.The brain uptake study of 6-coumarin confirmed that Angiopep-2-PEG-PAMAM NPs possessed better brain targeting efficacy(3.2-fold)than PEG-PAMAM NPs.Angiopep-2-STA-PEG-PAMAM NPs obviously ameliorated infarct volume,neurological deficit,histopathological severity and neuronal apoptosis.In addition,Angiopep-2-STA-PEG-PAMAM NPs markedly inhibited the calcium content and the levels of IL-12p40,IL-13,IL-17 and IL-23.Furthermore,Angiopep-2-STA-PEG-PAMAM NPs significantly decreased the m RNA and protein expressions of HMGB1,TLR2,TLR4,TLR5,My D88,TRIF,TRAM,IRAK-4,TRAF6,IкBα,IKKβand NF-кBp65.CONCLUSION The results suggested that Angiopep-2modified scutellarin-loaded PEG-PAMAM nanocarriers possessed remarkable neuroprotective effects on ischemic stroke through modulation of inflammatory cascades and HMGB1/TLRs/MyD 88-induced NF-κB activation pathways.
文摘植被覆盖层对微波遥感反演地表土壤水分产生重要影响。以河北省景县为研究区,基于Sentinel-1 SAR遥感数据和Sentinel-2光学遥感数据,采用改进水云模型和Oh模型的组合方法,对植被覆盖地表土壤水分进行定量反演研究。结果表明:在Sentinel-1 VV极化条件下,改进水云模型和Oh模型的组合方法具有较高的反演精度,决定系数(R 2)为0.6530,均方根误差(RMSE)为0.0401 cm 3·cm^-3,平均绝对误差(MAE)为0.0327 cm 3·cm^-3,这3项反演精度评价指标均优于VH极化。该方法在获取高空间分辨率和高精度的植被覆盖区农田土壤水分信息方面具有较高的应用价值。
