Blood cells are mainly(~99%)comprised of red blood cells.The most remarkable properties of are their high deformability,which allow they flow through microcapillaries of diameter even smaller than their size.The RBC’...Blood cells are mainly(~99%)comprised of red blood cells.The most remarkable properties of are their high deformability,which allow they flow through microcapillaries of diameter even smaller than their size.The RBC’s remarkable mechanical properties originate from the unique architecture of its membrane.To study the mechanism of RBC’s deformability,a commonly adopted approach is to localize the cytoskeleton protein by immunofluorescence,followed by exploring the changes of cytoskeleton protein during cell deformation.During this process,the fixed treatment of RBC using GA and PFA is of great importance.However,RBC’s deformability is reduced by the fixation process and skeletal protein of membrane is changed accordingly.The flow behavior of red RBCs through the microchannel also changed.Given the difficulty of observing RBC flow in vivo,in vitro simulation by virtue of microfluidic devices provides a feasible alternative.An important physiological phenomenon of the blood flow is the formation of cell free layer(CFL),with RBCs show a tendency to concentrate towards the central axis of the pipeline and move faster than the plasma layer.However,this phenomena is weaken if the stiffness of the membrane increase,which occurs in some disease,such as hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary elliptocytosis.To study the effects of GA and PFA fix treatment on RBC deformability,a microfluidic platform is employed to measuring the CFL and flow velocity of blood flow in this work.The PDMS micro flow channel used is 100 micrometers in width and 50 micrometers in deep.The RBC suspension is fed into the flow channel by the injection pump(NE-1000.USA),and the experiments are observed and recorded by the inverted microscope(IX70,Olympus,Japan)and high-speed camera(Memrecam GX-1,NAC,Japan)system.Three GA concentrations,i.e.,0.000 5,0.000 75,and 0.001 wt.%were used.Meanwhile,the effect of PFA at a concentration of 2wt.%work with GA was also investigated.Images of the flowing RBCs are processed mainly based on Memrecam GXLink.The results show that,the diameter of the RBC be treated is bigger and the shape of the RBC is became more flat after treated.Some of RBCs lost their biconcave structure.When the RBC suspension with 5%Hct flow in the microchannel,the CFL thickness decrease after being treated.And with concentrations of GA increase,the CFL thickness become thinner.The CFL thickness decrease significantly when GA and 2 wt.%PFA work combined.The velocity of RBCs decreases after treated with the GA or/and 2wt.%PFA.GA is known to relieve the dissolution of red blood cells during fluorescence labeling.On the other hand,the crosslinking of the aldehyde group(-cho)of GA with the amino group(-nh2)of RBC membrane protein will change the conformation of the membrane protein and its visco-elastic properties in turn.Then,the transparent fluidity orrheology characteristics of RBC is altered.Since GA and PFA are commonly used to immobilize red blood cells and keep the fluorescence constant,and PFA works similarly as GA,as a result,the variation of membrane protein conformation is intensified,and the membrane becomes stiffer.展开更多
Four kinds of micro heat pipe of trapezoidal groove wick structure with different numbers of grooves or aspect ratios were studied and compared about thermal transfer performances in order to optimize the manufacture ...Four kinds of micro heat pipe of trapezoidal groove wick structure with different numbers of grooves or aspect ratios were studied and compared about thermal transfer performances in order to optimize the manufacture of micro heat pipe with groove wick structure. The results show that these micro heat pipes have excellent performance in heat transfer; the equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient is two orders of magnitude compared with that of copper; the number and aspect ratio of grooves have a prominent effect on the performance of such thermal transfer. The optimum number of grooves is lower than 60 and the best aspect ratio is near to 1.5. The temperature and thermal transport rate are almost directly proportional relationship, but this relationship will be broken up suddenly when the critical heat flux is reached.展开更多
双极板是氢燃料电池的重要部件之一,钛作为金属双极板基材有诸多优势,但钛的成形性能差、回弹较为严重,本文以0.1 mm TA2纯钛薄板微流道液压成形为研究对象,通过试验和有限元模拟相结合的方法研究纯钛微结构变形行为,分析工艺参数对微...双极板是氢燃料电池的重要部件之一,钛作为金属双极板基材有诸多优势,但钛的成形性能差、回弹较为严重,本文以0.1 mm TA2纯钛薄板微流道液压成形为研究对象,通过试验和有限元模拟相结合的方法研究纯钛微结构变形行为,分析工艺参数对微流道成形质量的影响规律,为液压成形钛双极板提供参考。建立了TA2纯钛薄板微流道液压成形的有限元模型,通过与试验件的轮廓及厚度分布验证有限元模型的准确性;研究了液体压力、加载速率和脉动加载对微流道成形的影响。结果表明,微流道液压成形过程中材料应变路径为平面应变,且上圆角位置最容易破裂;加载速率对微流道成形影响不大,随着加载速率的提高,成形深度略有下降,但是变化不大,仅有3%;脉动加载路径能够提高材料的流动变形能力,在均为临界破裂情况下,相比较线性加载路径成形深度有较高的提高,可达232.2μm,提高幅度为23%。展开更多
文摘Blood cells are mainly(~99%)comprised of red blood cells.The most remarkable properties of are their high deformability,which allow they flow through microcapillaries of diameter even smaller than their size.The RBC’s remarkable mechanical properties originate from the unique architecture of its membrane.To study the mechanism of RBC’s deformability,a commonly adopted approach is to localize the cytoskeleton protein by immunofluorescence,followed by exploring the changes of cytoskeleton protein during cell deformation.During this process,the fixed treatment of RBC using GA and PFA is of great importance.However,RBC’s deformability is reduced by the fixation process and skeletal protein of membrane is changed accordingly.The flow behavior of red RBCs through the microchannel also changed.Given the difficulty of observing RBC flow in vivo,in vitro simulation by virtue of microfluidic devices provides a feasible alternative.An important physiological phenomenon of the blood flow is the formation of cell free layer(CFL),with RBCs show a tendency to concentrate towards the central axis of the pipeline and move faster than the plasma layer.However,this phenomena is weaken if the stiffness of the membrane increase,which occurs in some disease,such as hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary elliptocytosis.To study the effects of GA and PFA fix treatment on RBC deformability,a microfluidic platform is employed to measuring the CFL and flow velocity of blood flow in this work.The PDMS micro flow channel used is 100 micrometers in width and 50 micrometers in deep.The RBC suspension is fed into the flow channel by the injection pump(NE-1000.USA),and the experiments are observed and recorded by the inverted microscope(IX70,Olympus,Japan)and high-speed camera(Memrecam GX-1,NAC,Japan)system.Three GA concentrations,i.e.,0.000 5,0.000 75,and 0.001 wt.%were used.Meanwhile,the effect of PFA at a concentration of 2wt.%work with GA was also investigated.Images of the flowing RBCs are processed mainly based on Memrecam GXLink.The results show that,the diameter of the RBC be treated is bigger and the shape of the RBC is became more flat after treated.Some of RBCs lost their biconcave structure.When the RBC suspension with 5%Hct flow in the microchannel,the CFL thickness decrease after being treated.And with concentrations of GA increase,the CFL thickness become thinner.The CFL thickness decrease significantly when GA and 2 wt.%PFA work combined.The velocity of RBCs decreases after treated with the GA or/and 2wt.%PFA.GA is known to relieve the dissolution of red blood cells during fluorescence labeling.On the other hand,the crosslinking of the aldehyde group(-cho)of GA with the amino group(-nh2)of RBC membrane protein will change the conformation of the membrane protein and its visco-elastic properties in turn.Then,the transparent fluidity orrheology characteristics of RBC is altered.Since GA and PFA are commonly used to immobilize red blood cells and keep the fluorescence constant,and PFA works similarly as GA,as a result,the variation of membrane protein conformation is intensified,and the membrane becomes stiffer.
基金Projects(50605023 50436010) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Four kinds of micro heat pipe of trapezoidal groove wick structure with different numbers of grooves or aspect ratios were studied and compared about thermal transfer performances in order to optimize the manufacture of micro heat pipe with groove wick structure. The results show that these micro heat pipes have excellent performance in heat transfer; the equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient is two orders of magnitude compared with that of copper; the number and aspect ratio of grooves have a prominent effect on the performance of such thermal transfer. The optimum number of grooves is lower than 60 and the best aspect ratio is near to 1.5. The temperature and thermal transport rate are almost directly proportional relationship, but this relationship will be broken up suddenly when the critical heat flux is reached.
文摘双极板是氢燃料电池的重要部件之一,钛作为金属双极板基材有诸多优势,但钛的成形性能差、回弹较为严重,本文以0.1 mm TA2纯钛薄板微流道液压成形为研究对象,通过试验和有限元模拟相结合的方法研究纯钛微结构变形行为,分析工艺参数对微流道成形质量的影响规律,为液压成形钛双极板提供参考。建立了TA2纯钛薄板微流道液压成形的有限元模型,通过与试验件的轮廓及厚度分布验证有限元模型的准确性;研究了液体压力、加载速率和脉动加载对微流道成形的影响。结果表明,微流道液压成形过程中材料应变路径为平面应变,且上圆角位置最容易破裂;加载速率对微流道成形影响不大,随着加载速率的提高,成形深度略有下降,但是变化不大,仅有3%;脉动加载路径能够提高材料的流动变形能力,在均为临界破裂情况下,相比较线性加载路径成形深度有较高的提高,可达232.2μm,提高幅度为23%。
