The concept of cointegration describes an equilibrium relationship among a set of time-varying variables, and the cointegrated relationship can be represented through an error-correction model (ECM). The error-correct...The concept of cointegration describes an equilibrium relationship among a set of time-varying variables, and the cointegrated relationship can be represented through an error-correction model (ECM). The error-correction variable, which represents the short-run discrepancy from the equilibrium state in a cointegrated system, plays an important role in the ECM. It is natural to ask how the error-correction mechanism works, or equivalently, how the short-run discrepancy affects the development of the cointegrated system? This paper examines the effect or local influence on the error-correction variable in an error-correction model. Following the argument of the second-order approach to local influence suggested by reference [5], we develop a diagnostic statistic to examine the local influence on the estimation of the parameter associated with the error-correction variable in an ECM. An empirical example is presented to illustrate the application of the proposed diagnostic. We find that the short-run discre pancy may have strong influence on the estimation of the parameter associated with the error-correction model. It is the error-correction variable that the short-run discrepancies can be incorporated through the error-correction mechanism.展开更多
Longley-Rice channel model modifies the atmospheric refraction by the equivalent earth radius method, which is simple calculation but is not accurate. As it only uses the horizontal difference, but does not make use o...Longley-Rice channel model modifies the atmospheric refraction by the equivalent earth radius method, which is simple calculation but is not accurate. As it only uses the horizontal difference, but does not make use of the vertical section information, it does not agree with the actual propagation path. The atmospheric refraction error correction method of the Longley-Rice channel model has been improved. The improved method makes use of the vertical section information sufficiently and maps the distance between the receiver and transmitter to the radio wave propagation distance, It can exactly reflect the infection of propagation distance for the radio wave propagation loss. It is predicted to be more close to the experimental results by simulation in comparison with the measured data. The effectiveness of improved methods is proved by simulation.展开更多
Heilongjiang is a large agriculture province.Problems of agriculture,rural areas and farmers are urgent to be solved.The development of agriculture needs the support of agricultural credits,because finance is the cent...Heilongjiang is a large agriculture province.Problems of agriculture,rural areas and farmers are urgent to be solved.The development of agriculture needs the support of agricultural credits,because finance is the center of agriculture economy.However,the low comparative advantage in agriculture and pursuit of the capital interests which aggravate the conflicts of supply and demand of agricultural funds.Lacking of fund is the main factor that constrains the development of agricultural economy.In order to analyze the economic effect of agricultural credits on agricultural economy,an error correction model was set up to research the relationship between them,which based on the least square methods.Through the study of the contribution from agricultural credits to total value of agricultural out-put,the empirical evidence for developing the rural financial vigorously was provided,in order to promote the agricultura leconomic development.展开更多
中文语法纠错旨在通过模型自动识别并修正中文文本中的语法错误,从而提升文本的准确性和可读性.然而,现有的中文语法纠错模型在纠错过程中常面临暴露偏差问题,并且对大模型的应用仍显不足,导致纠错效果欠佳.为此,本文提出了一种基于类...中文语法纠错旨在通过模型自动识别并修正中文文本中的语法错误,从而提升文本的准确性和可读性.然而,现有的中文语法纠错模型在纠错过程中常面临暴露偏差问题,并且对大模型的应用仍显不足,导致纠错效果欠佳.为此,本文提出了一种基于类型驱动的中文语法纠错模型CTDGC(Chinese Types Driven Grammatical Correction).该模型通过深入探讨中文四种主要语法错误(冗余、缺失、错词、乱序)之间的依赖关系,设计了两阶段训练策略,有效缓解了训练与预测的不匹配问题,在CGED2020数据集上单模型F_(0.5)达到34.18%,优于以往的方法.此外,本文还提出了一种基于ChatGLM的中文语法纠错模型CorGLM(Chinese Grammatical Correction Model based on ChatGLM),并对Baichuan大模型设计了特定的Prompt.通过与CTDGC等模型的融合,F_(0.5)显著提升至40.33%,验证了本文方法的有效性和优越性.展开更多
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (No. 79800012 and No. 79400014).
文摘The concept of cointegration describes an equilibrium relationship among a set of time-varying variables, and the cointegrated relationship can be represented through an error-correction model (ECM). The error-correction variable, which represents the short-run discrepancy from the equilibrium state in a cointegrated system, plays an important role in the ECM. It is natural to ask how the error-correction mechanism works, or equivalently, how the short-run discrepancy affects the development of the cointegrated system? This paper examines the effect or local influence on the error-correction variable in an error-correction model. Following the argument of the second-order approach to local influence suggested by reference [5], we develop a diagnostic statistic to examine the local influence on the estimation of the parameter associated with the error-correction variable in an ECM. An empirical example is presented to illustrate the application of the proposed diagnostic. We find that the short-run discre pancy may have strong influence on the estimation of the parameter associated with the error-correction model. It is the error-correction variable that the short-run discrepancies can be incorporated through the error-correction mechanism.
文摘Longley-Rice channel model modifies the atmospheric refraction by the equivalent earth radius method, which is simple calculation but is not accurate. As it only uses the horizontal difference, but does not make use of the vertical section information, it does not agree with the actual propagation path. The atmospheric refraction error correction method of the Longley-Rice channel model has been improved. The improved method makes use of the vertical section information sufficiently and maps the distance between the receiver and transmitter to the radio wave propagation distance, It can exactly reflect the infection of propagation distance for the radio wave propagation loss. It is predicted to be more close to the experimental results by simulation in comparison with the measured data. The effectiveness of improved methods is proved by simulation.
基金Supported by the Fund for Heilongjiang Province Philosophy and Social Sciences Project (08E015)Social Sciences Fund of the Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department (11542014)Scientific Research Fund of Northeast Agricultural University
文摘Heilongjiang is a large agriculture province.Problems of agriculture,rural areas and farmers are urgent to be solved.The development of agriculture needs the support of agricultural credits,because finance is the center of agriculture economy.However,the low comparative advantage in agriculture and pursuit of the capital interests which aggravate the conflicts of supply and demand of agricultural funds.Lacking of fund is the main factor that constrains the development of agricultural economy.In order to analyze the economic effect of agricultural credits on agricultural economy,an error correction model was set up to research the relationship between them,which based on the least square methods.Through the study of the contribution from agricultural credits to total value of agricultural out-put,the empirical evidence for developing the rural financial vigorously was provided,in order to promote the agricultura leconomic development.
文摘中文语法纠错旨在通过模型自动识别并修正中文文本中的语法错误,从而提升文本的准确性和可读性.然而,现有的中文语法纠错模型在纠错过程中常面临暴露偏差问题,并且对大模型的应用仍显不足,导致纠错效果欠佳.为此,本文提出了一种基于类型驱动的中文语法纠错模型CTDGC(Chinese Types Driven Grammatical Correction).该模型通过深入探讨中文四种主要语法错误(冗余、缺失、错词、乱序)之间的依赖关系,设计了两阶段训练策略,有效缓解了训练与预测的不匹配问题,在CGED2020数据集上单模型F_(0.5)达到34.18%,优于以往的方法.此外,本文还提出了一种基于ChatGLM的中文语法纠错模型CorGLM(Chinese Grammatical Correction Model based on ChatGLM),并对Baichuan大模型设计了特定的Prompt.通过与CTDGC等模型的融合,F_(0.5)显著提升至40.33%,验证了本文方法的有效性和优越性.
