人类基因组计划完成以来,科学家们一直在努力阐释基因组信息所代表的生物学意义。自2003年开始,美国国家人类基因组研究所(National Human Genome Research Institute,NHGRI)投资近3亿美元启动"DNA元件百科全书(Encyclopedia of DN...人类基因组计划完成以来,科学家们一直在努力阐释基因组信息所代表的生物学意义。自2003年开始,美国国家人类基因组研究所(National Human Genome Research Institute,NHGRI)投资近3亿美元启动"DNA元件百科全书(Encyclopedia of DNA Elements,ENCODE)"计划,集结了来自美国、中国、英国、日本、西班牙和新加坡等国家的32个实验室的440余名科学家,共同鉴定并分析人类基因组中所有的功能调控元件。高通量测序技术等实验手段的发展和生物信息学技术的不断完善使得ENCODE计划取得了丰硕的成果:确定了甲基化和组蛋白修饰等表观修饰区域及其对染色质结构的作用,进而确定染色质结构的改变影响基因表达;确定了转录因子及其结合位点的信息,并构建了转录因子调控网络;进一步修订更新了假基因和非编码RNA数据库;并确定了调控序列的单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)并与疾病相关联。这些发现一方面有助于系统解析基因和基因组信息、调控元件的调控作用以及非编码区转录调控等分子机制;同时也将为转化医学等生命科学研究领域提供丰富的数据来源。文章综述了高通量测序技术等实验手段的发展和生物信息学技术的不断完善对ENCODE计划的贡献、表观遗传学研究与ENCODE计划的关联性、ENCODE计划的主要科学成果等,同时展望了ENCODE计划对基础医学、临床医学和转化医学等生命科学研究领域的巨大推动作用。展开更多
Low cost and miniaturized rotary encoders are important in automatic and precise production. Presented here is a code called Single Track Cyclic Gray Code (STCGC) that is an image etched on a single circular track of ...Low cost and miniaturized rotary encoders are important in automatic and precise production. Presented here is a code called Single Track Cyclic Gray Code (STCGC) that is an image etched on a single circular track of a rotary encoder disk read by a group of even spread reading heads to provide a unique codeword for every angular position and features such that every two adjacent words differ in exactly one component, thus avoiding coarse error. The existing construction or combination methods are helpful but not sufficient in determining the period of the STCGC of large word length and the theoretical approach needs further development to extend the word length. Three principles, such as the seed combination, short code removal and ergodicity examination were put forward that suffice determination of the optimal period for such absolute rotary encoders using STCGC with even spread heads. The optimal periods of STCGC in 3 through 29 bit length were determined and listed.展开更多
With the development of automation in smart grids,network reconfiguration is becoming a feasible approach for improving the operation of distribution systems.A novel reconfiguration strategy was presented to get the o...With the development of automation in smart grids,network reconfiguration is becoming a feasible approach for improving the operation of distribution systems.A novel reconfiguration strategy was presented to get the optimal configuration of improving economy of the system,and then identifying the important nodes.In this strategy,the objectives increase the node importance degree and decrease the active power loss subjected to operational constraints.A compound objective function with weight coefficients is formulated to balance the conflict of the objectives.Then a novel quantum particle swarm optimization based on loop switches hierarchical encoded was employed to address the compound objective reconfiguration problem.Its main contribution is the presentation of the hierarchical encoded scheme which is used to generate the population swarm particles of representing only radial connected solutions.Because the candidate solutions are feasible,the search efficiency would improve dramatically during the optimization process without tedious topology verification.To validate the proposed strategy,simulations are carried out on the test systems.The results are compared with other techniques in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.展开更多
Damage detection in structures is performed via vibra-tion based structural identification. Modal information, such as fre-quencies and mode shapes, are widely used for structural dama-ge detection to indicate the hea...Damage detection in structures is performed via vibra-tion based structural identification. Modal information, such as fre-quencies and mode shapes, are widely used for structural dama-ge detection to indicate the health conditions of civil structures.The deep learning algorithm that works on a multiple layer neuralnetwork model termed as deep autoencoder is proposed to learnthe relationship between the modal information and structural stiff-ness parameters. This is achieved via dimension reduction of themodal information feature and a non-linear regression against thestructural stiffness parameters. Numerical tests on a symmetri-cal steel frame model are conducted to generate the data for thetraining and validation, and to demonstrate the efficiency of theproposed approach for vibration based structural damage detec-tion.展开更多
Introduction Post-translational modifications of core histones have emerged as a critical player in dynamical regulation of gene expression and accurate chromatin structures<sup>[1-2]</sup>.In recent years...Introduction Post-translational modifications of core histones have emerged as a critical player in dynamical regulation of gene expression and accurate chromatin structures<sup>[1-2]</sup>.In recent years it has been demonstrated that,histone lysine methylation is particularly prominent as one of the most important epigenetic modifications during cell cycles,development and differentiation,and in response to external stimuli,e.g.exogenous growth factors and mechanical stimulation.This epigenetic modification may also be an early event that regulates the gene expression dur-展开更多
Recombinant vaccinia virus has many advantagesover more restricted vectors like retrovirus andadenovirus. The proven safety of vaccinia virus, which isrestricted to local and transitory infection, favors clinicalappli...Recombinant vaccinia virus has many advantagesover more restricted vectors like retrovirus andadenovirus. The proven safety of vaccinia virus, which isrestricted to local and transitory infection, favors clinicalapplication of vaccinia virus to deliver cytokines locally.展开更多
文摘人类基因组计划完成以来,科学家们一直在努力阐释基因组信息所代表的生物学意义。自2003年开始,美国国家人类基因组研究所(National Human Genome Research Institute,NHGRI)投资近3亿美元启动"DNA元件百科全书(Encyclopedia of DNA Elements,ENCODE)"计划,集结了来自美国、中国、英国、日本、西班牙和新加坡等国家的32个实验室的440余名科学家,共同鉴定并分析人类基因组中所有的功能调控元件。高通量测序技术等实验手段的发展和生物信息学技术的不断完善使得ENCODE计划取得了丰硕的成果:确定了甲基化和组蛋白修饰等表观修饰区域及其对染色质结构的作用,进而确定染色质结构的改变影响基因表达;确定了转录因子及其结合位点的信息,并构建了转录因子调控网络;进一步修订更新了假基因和非编码RNA数据库;并确定了调控序列的单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)并与疾病相关联。这些发现一方面有助于系统解析基因和基因组信息、调控元件的调控作用以及非编码区转录调控等分子机制;同时也将为转化医学等生命科学研究领域提供丰富的数据来源。文章综述了高通量测序技术等实验手段的发展和生物信息学技术的不断完善对ENCODE计划的贡献、表观遗传学研究与ENCODE计划的关联性、ENCODE计划的主要科学成果等,同时展望了ENCODE计划对基础医学、临床医学和转化医学等生命科学研究领域的巨大推动作用。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(1127105011371183+2 种基金61403036)the Science and Technology Development Foundation of CAEP(2013A04030202013B0403068)
基金Project(JX2004J0170) supported by the Foundation of Beijing Jiaotong University, China
文摘Low cost and miniaturized rotary encoders are important in automatic and precise production. Presented here is a code called Single Track Cyclic Gray Code (STCGC) that is an image etched on a single circular track of a rotary encoder disk read by a group of even spread reading heads to provide a unique codeword for every angular position and features such that every two adjacent words differ in exactly one component, thus avoiding coarse error. The existing construction or combination methods are helpful but not sufficient in determining the period of the STCGC of large word length and the theoretical approach needs further development to extend the word length. Three principles, such as the seed combination, short code removal and ergodicity examination were put forward that suffice determination of the optimal period for such absolute rotary encoders using STCGC with even spread heads. The optimal periods of STCGC in 3 through 29 bit length were determined and listed.
基金Project(61102039)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014AA052600)supported by National Hi-tech Research and Development Plan,China
文摘With the development of automation in smart grids,network reconfiguration is becoming a feasible approach for improving the operation of distribution systems.A novel reconfiguration strategy was presented to get the optimal configuration of improving economy of the system,and then identifying the important nodes.In this strategy,the objectives increase the node importance degree and decrease the active power loss subjected to operational constraints.A compound objective function with weight coefficients is formulated to balance the conflict of the objectives.Then a novel quantum particle swarm optimization based on loop switches hierarchical encoded was employed to address the compound objective reconfiguration problem.Its main contribution is the presentation of the hierarchical encoded scheme which is used to generate the population swarm particles of representing only radial connected solutions.Because the candidate solutions are feasible,the search efficiency would improve dramatically during the optimization process without tedious topology verification.To validate the proposed strategy,simulations are carried out on the test systems.The results are compared with other techniques in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.
文摘Damage detection in structures is performed via vibra-tion based structural identification. Modal information, such as fre-quencies and mode shapes, are widely used for structural dama-ge detection to indicate the health conditions of civil structures.The deep learning algorithm that works on a multiple layer neuralnetwork model termed as deep autoencoder is proposed to learnthe relationship between the modal information and structural stiff-ness parameters. This is achieved via dimension reduction of themodal information feature and a non-linear regression against thestructural stiffness parameters. Numerical tests on a symmetri-cal steel frame model are conducted to generate the data for thetraining and validation, and to demonstrate the efficiency of theproposed approach for vibration based structural damage detec-tion.
基金supported in part by NIH HL098472 and NSF CBET0846429supported by China Scholarship Council as well
文摘Introduction Post-translational modifications of core histones have emerged as a critical player in dynamical regulation of gene expression and accurate chromatin structures<sup>[1-2]</sup>.In recent years it has been demonstrated that,histone lysine methylation is particularly prominent as one of the most important epigenetic modifications during cell cycles,development and differentiation,and in response to external stimuli,e.g.exogenous growth factors and mechanical stimulation.This epigenetic modification may also be an early event that regulates the gene expression dur-
文摘Recombinant vaccinia virus has many advantagesover more restricted vectors like retrovirus andadenovirus. The proven safety of vaccinia virus, which isrestricted to local and transitory infection, favors clinicalapplication of vaccinia virus to deliver cytokines locally.
