Afforestation has an important role in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem function improvement.A meta-analysis was carried out in China,which has the largest plantation area globally,to quantify the effects of pl...Afforestation has an important role in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem function improvement.A meta-analysis was carried out in China,which has the largest plantation area globally,to quantify the effects of plantings on soil microbial diversity.The results showed that the overall effect of afforestation on soil microbial diversity was positive across the country.Random forest algorithm suggested that soil carbon was the most important factor regulating microbial diversity and the positive response was only found with new plantings on low-carbon bare lands but not on high-carbon farmlands and grasslands.In addition,afforestation with broadleaved species increased microbial diversity,whereas planting with conifers had no effect on microbial diversity.This study clarified the effects of plantings on soil microbial diversity,which has an important implication for establishing appropriate policies and practices to improve the multiple functionalities(e.g.,biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation)during plantation establishment.展开更多
The eff ect of seasons on the soil microbiome in a Larix gmelinii forest of Mohe,China,where winter temperatures are generally below−40°C,was evaluated with metagenomics analysis.Taxonomic profi ling using sequen...The eff ect of seasons on the soil microbiome in a Larix gmelinii forest of Mohe,China,where winter temperatures are generally below−40°C,was evaluated with metagenomics analysis.Taxonomic profi ling using sequencing information revealed that Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were the dominant phyla in spring,summer,and fall,as were Bradyrhizobium,Chthoniobacter,Streptomyces,Acid Candidatus Koribacter at the genus level.Some species that were abundant in spring and fall greatly diminished in abundance in summer.Clusters of orthologous groups(COG)of proteins,carbohydrate-active enzymes(CAZy),Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)and NCBI databases were used to elucidate the function of diverse proteins and metabolites of the microbial community of L.gmelinii forest.COG analysis showed that fewer genes were detected in spring than in fall and summer,indicating that many soil microbes in the L.gmelinii forest were not tolerant to cold.Based on KEGG analysis,some pathways in the soil microbes were activated in spring and autumn and deactivated in summer.CAZy analysis revealed that most CAZy were more active in summer than in spring or autumn and were severely inhibited in the spring.Many functional pathways,proteins,and CAZy involved in the community changes were concerned with cold or heat resistance.Therefore,the soil in the L.gmelinii forest can be a valuable resource for further research on heat and cold tolerance of soil microbes.展开更多
Tree species diversity is assumed to be an important component in managing forest ecosystems because of effects on multiple functions or ecosystem multifunctionality.However,the importance of tree diversity in determi...Tree species diversity is assumed to be an important component in managing forest ecosystems because of effects on multiple functions or ecosystem multifunctionality.However,the importance of tree diversity in determining multifunctionality in structurally complex subtropical forests relative to other regulators(e.g.,soil microbial diversity,stand structure,and environmental conditions)remains uncertain.In this study,effects of aboveground(species richness and functional and structural diversity)and belowground(bacterial and fungal diversity)biodiversity,functional composition(community-weighted means of species traits),stand structure(diameter at breast height and stand density),and soil factors(pH and bulk density)on multifunctionality(including biomass production,carbon stock,and nutrient cycling)were examined along a tree diversity gradient in subtropical forests.The community-weighted mean of tree maximum height was the best predictor of ecosystem multifunctionality.Functional diversity explained a higher proportion of the variation in multifunctionality than that of species richness and fungal diversity.Stand structure-played an important role in modulating the effects of tree diversity on multifunctionality.The work highlights that species composition and maximizing forest structural complexity are effective strategies to increase forest multifunctionality while also conserving biodiversity in the management of multifunctional forests under global environmental changes.展开更多
Soil fungi in forest ecosystems have great potential to enhance host plant growth and systemic ecological functions and services.Reforestation at Saihanba Mechanized Forest Farm,the world's largest artificial plan...Soil fungi in forest ecosystems have great potential to enhance host plant growth and systemic ecological functions and services.Reforestation at Saihanba Mechanized Forest Farm,the world's largest artificial plantation,has been integral to global forest ecosystem preservation since the 1950s.To better assess the ecological effects of soil microbiology after afforestation,fungal diversity and community structure(using Illumina sequencing)from forests dominated by Larix gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii,Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica and Picea asperata,and from grassland were surveyed.In total,4,540 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were identified,with Mortierella and Solicoccozyma being the dominant genera of grassland soil and Inocybe,Cortinarius,Piloderma,Tomentella,Sebacina,Hygrophorus and Saitozyma dominating the plantation soil.Principle coordinate analysis(PCoA)and co-occurrence networks revealed differences in fungal structure after afforestation.Significantly,more symbiotroph guilds were dominated by ectomycorrhizal fungi in plantations under the prediction of FUNGuild.The community composition and diversity of soil fungi were significantly influenced by pH via redundancy analysis(RDA)and the Mantel test(p<0.01).This finding emphasizes that soil pH has a strong effect on the transition of fungal communities and functional taxa from grassland to plantation,providing a novel indicator for forest restoration.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD2200401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901293)。
文摘Afforestation has an important role in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem function improvement.A meta-analysis was carried out in China,which has the largest plantation area globally,to quantify the effects of plantings on soil microbial diversity.The results showed that the overall effect of afforestation on soil microbial diversity was positive across the country.Random forest algorithm suggested that soil carbon was the most important factor regulating microbial diversity and the positive response was only found with new plantings on low-carbon bare lands but not on high-carbon farmlands and grasslands.In addition,afforestation with broadleaved species increased microbial diversity,whereas planting with conifers had no effect on microbial diversity.This study clarified the effects of plantings on soil microbial diversity,which has an important implication for establishing appropriate policies and practices to improve the multiple functionalities(e.g.,biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation)during plantation establishment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31670494).
文摘The eff ect of seasons on the soil microbiome in a Larix gmelinii forest of Mohe,China,where winter temperatures are generally below−40°C,was evaluated with metagenomics analysis.Taxonomic profi ling using sequencing information revealed that Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were the dominant phyla in spring,summer,and fall,as were Bradyrhizobium,Chthoniobacter,Streptomyces,Acid Candidatus Koribacter at the genus level.Some species that were abundant in spring and fall greatly diminished in abundance in summer.Clusters of orthologous groups(COG)of proteins,carbohydrate-active enzymes(CAZy),Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)and NCBI databases were used to elucidate the function of diverse proteins and metabolites of the microbial community of L.gmelinii forest.COG analysis showed that fewer genes were detected in spring than in fall and summer,indicating that many soil microbes in the L.gmelinii forest were not tolerant to cold.Based on KEGG analysis,some pathways in the soil microbes were activated in spring and autumn and deactivated in summer.CAZy analysis revealed that most CAZy were more active in summer than in spring or autumn and were severely inhibited in the spring.Many functional pathways,proteins,and CAZy involved in the community changes were concerned with cold or heat resistance.Therefore,the soil in the L.gmelinii forest can be a valuable resource for further research on heat and cold tolerance of soil microbes.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32071561 and 31870431)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC3104)+1 种基金the Research Foundation of the Education Bureau of Hunan Province(No.19B586)the Huitong Forest Ecological Station Funds provided by the State Forestry and Grass Administration of China(No.2021132078)。
文摘Tree species diversity is assumed to be an important component in managing forest ecosystems because of effects on multiple functions or ecosystem multifunctionality.However,the importance of tree diversity in determining multifunctionality in structurally complex subtropical forests relative to other regulators(e.g.,soil microbial diversity,stand structure,and environmental conditions)remains uncertain.In this study,effects of aboveground(species richness and functional and structural diversity)and belowground(bacterial and fungal diversity)biodiversity,functional composition(community-weighted means of species traits),stand structure(diameter at breast height and stand density),and soil factors(pH and bulk density)on multifunctionality(including biomass production,carbon stock,and nutrient cycling)were examined along a tree diversity gradient in subtropical forests.The community-weighted mean of tree maximum height was the best predictor of ecosystem multifunctionality.Functional diversity explained a higher proportion of the variation in multifunctionality than that of species richness and fungal diversity.Stand structure-played an important role in modulating the effects of tree diversity on multifunctionality.The work highlights that species composition and maximizing forest structural complexity are effective strategies to increase forest multifunctionality while also conserving biodiversity in the management of multifunctional forests under global environmental changes.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32270010,U2003211 and 31870008)Beijing Forestry University Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Project(No.2019JQ03016).
文摘Soil fungi in forest ecosystems have great potential to enhance host plant growth and systemic ecological functions and services.Reforestation at Saihanba Mechanized Forest Farm,the world's largest artificial plantation,has been integral to global forest ecosystem preservation since the 1950s.To better assess the ecological effects of soil microbiology after afforestation,fungal diversity and community structure(using Illumina sequencing)from forests dominated by Larix gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii,Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica and Picea asperata,and from grassland were surveyed.In total,4,540 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were identified,with Mortierella and Solicoccozyma being the dominant genera of grassland soil and Inocybe,Cortinarius,Piloderma,Tomentella,Sebacina,Hygrophorus and Saitozyma dominating the plantation soil.Principle coordinate analysis(PCoA)and co-occurrence networks revealed differences in fungal structure after afforestation.Significantly,more symbiotroph guilds were dominated by ectomycorrhizal fungi in plantations under the prediction of FUNGuild.The community composition and diversity of soil fungi were significantly influenced by pH via redundancy analysis(RDA)and the Mantel test(p<0.01).This finding emphasizes that soil pH has a strong effect on the transition of fungal communities and functional taxa from grassland to plantation,providing a novel indicator for forest restoration.
