The modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras are considered,in which a modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebra consisting of a Lie-Yamaguti algebra and a modifiedλ-differential operator.First we introduce t...The modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras are considered,in which a modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebra consisting of a Lie-Yamaguti algebra and a modifiedλ-differential operator.First we introduce the representation of modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras.Furthermore,we establish the cohomology of a modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebra with coefficients in a representation.Finally,we investigate the one-parameter formal deformations and Abelian extensions of modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras using the second cohomology group.展开更多
英语教学的最终目标是培养交际能力,也就是培养学生自由对话的能力。对话是通过话语进行的思想与信息的一种非正式的交流。我们先看一段对话。这段对话是在两个受过教育的美国人之间进行的: A:Ev...Everybody has at least one little s...英语教学的最终目标是培养交际能力,也就是培养学生自由对话的能力。对话是通过话语进行的思想与信息的一种非正式的交流。我们先看一段对话。这段对话是在两个受过教育的美国人之间进行的: A:Ev...Everybody has at least one little superstition,don’t you think? B:I think most people have at least one,展开更多
To makesystem-of-systems combat simulation models easy to be developed and reused, simulation model formal specification and representation are researched. According to the view of system-of-systems combat simulation,...To makesystem-of-systems combat simulation models easy to be developed and reused, simulation model formal specification and representation are researched. According to the view of system-of-systems combat simulation, and based on DEVS, the simulation model＇s fundamental formalisms are explored. It includes entity model, system-of-systems model and experiment model. It also presents rigorous formal specification. XML data exchange standard is combined to design the XML based language, SCSL, to support simulation model representation. The corresponding relationship between SCSL and simulation model formalism is discussed and the syntax and semantics of elements in SCSL are detailed. Based on simulation model formal specification, the abstract simulation algorithm is given and SCSL virtual machine, which is capable of automatically interpreting and executing simulation model represented by SCSL, is designed. Finally an application case is presented, which can show the validation of the theory and verification of SCSL.展开更多
Formal state space models of quantum control systems are deduced and a scheme to establish formal state space models via quantization could been obtained for quantum control systems is proposed. State evolution of qua...Formal state space models of quantum control systems are deduced and a scheme to establish formal state space models via quantization could been obtained for quantum control systems is proposed. State evolution of quantum control systems must accord with Schrdinger equations, so it is foremost to obtain Hamiltonian operators of systems. There are corresponding relations between operators of quantum systems and corresponding physical quantities of classical systems, such as momentum, energy and Hamiltonian, so Schrdinger equation models of corresponding quantum control systems via quantization could been obtained from classical control systems, and then establish formal state space models through the suitable transformation from Schrdinger equations for these quantum control systems. This method provides a new kind of path for modeling in quantum control.展开更多
This paper discusses a transport protocol and its formal description techniques for local network. The transport layer function, the transport services and a transport protocol design in a local network architecture m...This paper discusses a transport protocol and its formal description techniques for local network. The transport layer function, the transport services and a transport protocol design in a local network architecture model are presented. A transport protocol specification using the finite state automata (FSA) is given. The correctness of the protocol is verified by using the reachability tree technique with respect to the protocol properties of completeness, deadlock and livelock freeness, termination and reachability.展开更多
As competition in the market for discrete part prod uc ts gets harder and harder the requirements for extreme manufacturing operati on efficiencies get increasingly accentuated. Therefore requirements for well behaved...As competition in the market for discrete part prod uc ts gets harder and harder the requirements for extreme manufacturing operati on efficiencies get increasingly accentuated. Therefore requirements for well behaved manufacturing operation control get more and more significant. The purpose of the paper is to establish a framework for development of formal m ethods for design of systems for simultaneous control of continuous manufacturin g task processes and resource allocation of discrete part manufacturing. In the paper states which are needed for feedback control of continuous manufact uring task processes are defined and an example is presented. States which are necessary for feedback control of distribution of manufacturing resources are defined. The definition is based on the states defined for feedba ck control of the continuous processes of discrete part manufacturing tasks. An exemple is presented. Based on use of the state variables two types of equations are described, the pu rpose of which it is to represent the constraints to which control of the manufa cturing system is subject. Characteristic instances of the equations are presen ted. Methods for design of systems which can control continuous tasks are presented. Methods for design of systems which can control resource allocation are presente d. Methods for design of systems which can simultaneously control continuous tas k processes and resource allocation as the resource allocation is subject to con tinuos task execution constraints are presented.展开更多
This paper presents a formal verification method based on logic simulation. In our method, using symbolic values even circuits which include data paths can be verified without abstraction of data paths. Our verifier e...This paper presents a formal verification method based on logic simulation. In our method, using symbolic values even circuits which include data paths can be verified without abstraction of data paths. Our verifier extracts a transition relation from the state graph (given as a specification) which is expressed using symbolic values, and verifies based on simulation using those symbolic values if the circuit behaves correctly with respect to each transition of the specification. If the verifier terminates with "correct", then we can guarantee that for any applicable input vector sequences, the circuit and the specification behaves identically. We have implemented the proposed method on a Unix workstation and verified some FIFO and LIFO circuits by using it.展开更多
In the last ten-odd years, Chinese oceanographers have accomplished alarge amount of work in analysing the characteristics,distribution andvariation of temperature, salinity, density and water masses in shallow seaare...In the last ten-odd years, Chinese oceanographers have accomplished alarge amount of work in analysing the characteristics,distribution andvariation of temperature, salinity, density and water masses in shallow seaareas near China and in their forecasting methods, and have formally pub-lished agreat number of treatises. If these treatises, which are scattered展开更多
Control systems are vulnerable to faults in control loops where faults may cause abruptand damaging responses. These systems with fault accommodation are becoming more and moreimportant while appearing in flight contr...Control systems are vulnerable to faults in control loops where faults may cause abruptand damaging responses. These systems with fault accommodation are becoming more and moreimportant while appearing in flight control, robots control and nuclear reactor control etc, andcalling for more rigorous development approach. A formal approach is explored in this parer, basedon Extended Duration Calculus, for the development of such kind of systems. A typical exampleof control system with fault accommodation, two-level control system, is used for illstrating ourapproach. Its high level consists of an event-driven supervisor which reeds to the change of plant dueto faults occurrence, and its low level consists of normal controller, reconfigured controller and othercomponents with FDI (Fault Detection and Isolation) mechanism. Firstly performance and systemspecifications of the case are formulated in EDC; Then they are refined step wisely into specificationsof the supervisor and the low level components. Finally the whole system performance is verified inEDC framework.展开更多
Defect-based engineering of carbon nanostructures is becoming an important and powerful method to modify the electron transport properties in graphene nanoribbon FETs. In this paper, the impact of the position and sym...Defect-based engineering of carbon nanostructures is becoming an important and powerful method to modify the electron transport properties in graphene nanoribbon FETs. In this paper, the impact of the position and symmetry of the ISTW defect on the performance of low dimensional 9AGNR double-gate graphene nanoribbon FET (DG-GNRFET) is investigated. Analyzing the transmission spectra, density of states and current-voltage characteristics shows that the defect effect on the electron transport is considerably varied depending on the positions and the orientations (the symmetric and asymmetric configuration) of the ISTW defect in the channel length. Based on the results, the asymmetric ISTW defect leads to a more controllability of the gate voltages over drain current, and drain current increases more than 5 times. The results have also con rmed the ISTW defect engineering potential on controlling the channel electrical current of DG-AGNR FET.展开更多
The prerequisite for the existing protocols' correctness is that protocols can be normally operated under the normal conditions, rather than dealing with abnormal conditions. In other words, protocols with the fau...The prerequisite for the existing protocols' correctness is that protocols can be normally operated under the normal conditions, rather than dealing with abnormal conditions. In other words, protocols with the fault-tolerance can not be provided when some fault occurs. This paper discusses the self fault-tolerance of protocols. It describes some concepts and methods for achieving self fault-tolerance of protocols. Meanwhile, it provides a case study, investigates a typical protocol that does not satisfy the self fault-tolerance, and gives a new redesign version of this existing protocol using the proposed approach.展开更多
Since communication protocol deals with complex issues related to distribution such as communication, concurrency and synchronization, their development needs to be traced by using sophisticated formal description met...Since communication protocol deals with complex issues related to distribution such as communication, concurrency and synchronization, their development needs to be traced by using sophisticated formal description methods. This paper presents a new hybrid formal method for communication protocol specification. In this method, finite state machine (FSM), communication sequential process (CSP) and abstract data type (ADT) are mixed and the best features of these approaches are offered. In this paper, the main formal description techniques (FDT) for protocol engineering are brieny introduced and a hybrid formal description method based on the FSM, CSP and ADT for communication protocol is described. Finally, this paper presents the formal specification of an example protocol for LAN by using the proposed hybrid formal method. The results of studies show that the hybrid formal description method for communication protocol is an available and effective approach.展开更多
The Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadz arrived in Beijing on February 1 for a three-day official visit to China. He said that he was entrusted to hand over a formal letten from Soviet leader Mikhall Gorbachev ...The Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadz arrived in Beijing on February 1 for a three-day official visit to China. He said that he was entrusted to hand over a formal letten from Soviet leader Mikhall Gorbachev to Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping. His visit is a continuation of the process of normalizing Sino-Soviet relations. It is also a part of the preparations for the Sino-Soviet summit, which is to be held from May 15 to 18.展开更多
On June l, Angolans took to the streets in an outpouring of popular joy to celebrate the signing of peace accords. One day earlier, Angola’s government. and UNITA rebels formally signed an historic accord in Lisbon t...On June l, Angolans took to the streets in an outpouring of popular joy to celebrate the signing of peace accords. One day earlier, Angola’s government. and UNITA rebels formally signed an historic accord in Lisbon to end 16 years of civil war. A powerful volcano spewed torrents of lava, ash and gas over a mountain town in southern Japan on June 4, leaving at least 30 people missing. From June 9 to 14, powerful explosions rocked a Philippine volcano for many times, sending huge mushroom cloud of ash and debris thousands of metres into the sky. Chinese President Yang Shangkun arrived in Indonesia on June 5 at the start of a five-day state visit. Yang was greeted by President Suharto at a red carpet welcoming ceremony held at the Independence Palace. Yang left Indonesia for Bangkok on June 10 for five-day visit to Thailand. He was accorded a grand red carpet welcoming ceremony and greeting by thousands of flagwaving locals. On June 15, he returned to Kunming.展开更多
The continuous debate on the formal rule of law and the substantive rule of law in the construction of the rule of law in China not only affects the understanding of the connotation of the rule of law in China,but als...The continuous debate on the formal rule of law and the substantive rule of law in the construction of the rule of law in China not only affects the understanding of the connotation of the rule of law in China,but also the choice of the path for the development of the rule of law in China.In the new stage of “comprehensively advancing the Law-Based Governance of China”,the process of “comprehensively advancing the Law-Based Governance of China” is also a process of continuously improving the rule of law quality in China.And from this perspective,the relationship between the formal rule of law and the substantive rule of law has got a new meaning.Promoting the substantive rule of law is an important way to realize the development of the rule of law and improve the quality of the rule of law.At the same time,the promotion of the substantive rule of law should follow the “people-centered” nature of the rule of law and the objective is conducive to the promotion of the rule of law and the formation of the “rule of law ecology”.展开更多
This paper investigates formal techniques of protocol based on communicating finite state machines (CFSM). Taking the protocols POLLEND (PE) and ACKNACK (AN) as the examples, the paper discusses the formal description...This paper investigates formal techniques of protocol based on communicating finite state machines (CFSM). Taking the protocols POLLEND (PE) and ACKNACK (AN) as the examples, the paper discusses the formal description, validation and conversion of protocol with the CFSM, presents a protocol validation method and a protocol conversion algorithm based on the CFSM and demonstrates the applicability of the method and the algorithm using the example protocols PE and AN.展开更多
We present a method for using type theory to solve decision making problem. Our method is based on the view that decision making is a special kind of theorem proving activity. An isomorphism between problems and types...We present a method for using type theory to solve decision making problem. Our method is based on the view that decision making is a special kind of theorem proving activity. An isomorphism between problems and types, and solutions and programs has been established to support this view which is much similar to the Curry-Howard isomorphism between propositions and types, and proofs and programs. To support our method, a proof development system called PowerEpsilon has been developed, and the synthesis of a decision procedure for validity of first-order propositional logic is discussed to show the power of the system.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12161013)Research Projects of Guizhou University of Commerce in 2024。
文摘The modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras are considered,in which a modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebra consisting of a Lie-Yamaguti algebra and a modifiedλ-differential operator.First we introduce the representation of modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras.Furthermore,we establish the cohomology of a modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebra with coefficients in a representation.Finally,we investigate the one-parameter formal deformations and Abelian extensions of modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras using the second cohomology group.
文摘英语教学的最终目标是培养交际能力,也就是培养学生自由对话的能力。对话是通过话语进行的思想与信息的一种非正式的交流。我们先看一段对话。这段对话是在两个受过教育的美国人之间进行的: A:Ev...Everybody has at least one little superstition,don’t you think? B:I think most people have at least one,
文摘To makesystem-of-systems combat simulation models easy to be developed and reused, simulation model formal specification and representation are researched. According to the view of system-of-systems combat simulation, and based on DEVS, the simulation model＇s fundamental formalisms are explored. It includes entity model, system-of-systems model and experiment model. It also presents rigorous formal specification. XML data exchange standard is combined to design the XML based language, SCSL, to support simulation model representation. The corresponding relationship between SCSL and simulation model formalism is discussed and the syntax and semantics of elements in SCSL are detailed. Based on simulation model formal specification, the abstract simulation algorithm is given and SCSL virtual machine, which is capable of automatically interpreting and executing simulation model represented by SCSL, is designed. Finally an application case is presented, which can show the validation of the theory and verification of SCSL.
文摘Formal state space models of quantum control systems are deduced and a scheme to establish formal state space models via quantization could been obtained for quantum control systems is proposed. State evolution of quantum control systems must accord with Schrdinger equations, so it is foremost to obtain Hamiltonian operators of systems. There are corresponding relations between operators of quantum systems and corresponding physical quantities of classical systems, such as momentum, energy and Hamiltonian, so Schrdinger equation models of corresponding quantum control systems via quantization could been obtained from classical control systems, and then establish formal state space models through the suitable transformation from Schrdinger equations for these quantum control systems. This method provides a new kind of path for modeling in quantum control.
文摘This paper discusses a transport protocol and its formal description techniques for local network. The transport layer function, the transport services and a transport protocol design in a local network architecture model are presented. A transport protocol specification using the finite state automata (FSA) is given. The correctness of the protocol is verified by using the reachability tree technique with respect to the protocol properties of completeness, deadlock and livelock freeness, termination and reachability.
文摘As competition in the market for discrete part prod uc ts gets harder and harder the requirements for extreme manufacturing operati on efficiencies get increasingly accentuated. Therefore requirements for well behaved manufacturing operation control get more and more significant. The purpose of the paper is to establish a framework for development of formal m ethods for design of systems for simultaneous control of continuous manufacturin g task processes and resource allocation of discrete part manufacturing. In the paper states which are needed for feedback control of continuous manufact uring task processes are defined and an example is presented. States which are necessary for feedback control of distribution of manufacturing resources are defined. The definition is based on the states defined for feedba ck control of the continuous processes of discrete part manufacturing tasks. An exemple is presented. Based on use of the state variables two types of equations are described, the pu rpose of which it is to represent the constraints to which control of the manufa cturing system is subject. Characteristic instances of the equations are presen ted. Methods for design of systems which can control continuous tasks are presented. Methods for design of systems which can control resource allocation are presente d. Methods for design of systems which can simultaneously control continuous tas k processes and resource allocation as the resource allocation is subject to con tinuos task execution constraints are presented.
文摘This paper presents a formal verification method based on logic simulation. In our method, using symbolic values even circuits which include data paths can be verified without abstraction of data paths. Our verifier extracts a transition relation from the state graph (given as a specification) which is expressed using symbolic values, and verifies based on simulation using those symbolic values if the circuit behaves correctly with respect to each transition of the specification. If the verifier terminates with "correct", then we can guarantee that for any applicable input vector sequences, the circuit and the specification behaves identically. We have implemented the proposed method on a Unix workstation and verified some FIFO and LIFO circuits by using it.
文摘In the last ten-odd years, Chinese oceanographers have accomplished alarge amount of work in analysing the characteristics,distribution andvariation of temperature, salinity, density and water masses in shallow seaareas near China and in their forecasting methods, and have formally pub-lished agreat number of treatises. If these treatises, which are scattered
文摘Control systems are vulnerable to faults in control loops where faults may cause abruptand damaging responses. These systems with fault accommodation are becoming more and moreimportant while appearing in flight control, robots control and nuclear reactor control etc, andcalling for more rigorous development approach. A formal approach is explored in this parer, basedon Extended Duration Calculus, for the development of such kind of systems. A typical exampleof control system with fault accommodation, two-level control system, is used for illstrating ourapproach. Its high level consists of an event-driven supervisor which reeds to the change of plant dueto faults occurrence, and its low level consists of normal controller, reconfigured controller and othercomponents with FDI (Fault Detection and Isolation) mechanism. Firstly performance and systemspecifications of the case are formulated in EDC; Then they are refined step wisely into specificationsof the supervisor and the low level components. Finally the whole system performance is verified inEDC framework.
文摘Defect-based engineering of carbon nanostructures is becoming an important and powerful method to modify the electron transport properties in graphene nanoribbon FETs. In this paper, the impact of the position and symmetry of the ISTW defect on the performance of low dimensional 9AGNR double-gate graphene nanoribbon FET (DG-GNRFET) is investigated. Analyzing the transmission spectra, density of states and current-voltage characteristics shows that the defect effect on the electron transport is considerably varied depending on the positions and the orientations (the symmetric and asymmetric configuration) of the ISTW defect in the channel length. Based on the results, the asymmetric ISTW defect leads to a more controllability of the gate voltages over drain current, and drain current increases more than 5 times. The results have also con rmed the ISTW defect engineering potential on controlling the channel electrical current of DG-AGNR FET.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Prov
文摘The prerequisite for the existing protocols' correctness is that protocols can be normally operated under the normal conditions, rather than dealing with abnormal conditions. In other words, protocols with the fault-tolerance can not be provided when some fault occurs. This paper discusses the self fault-tolerance of protocols. It describes some concepts and methods for achieving self fault-tolerance of protocols. Meanwhile, it provides a case study, investigates a typical protocol that does not satisfy the self fault-tolerance, and gives a new redesign version of this existing protocol using the proposed approach.
文摘Since communication protocol deals with complex issues related to distribution such as communication, concurrency and synchronization, their development needs to be traced by using sophisticated formal description methods. This paper presents a new hybrid formal method for communication protocol specification. In this method, finite state machine (FSM), communication sequential process (CSP) and abstract data type (ADT) are mixed and the best features of these approaches are offered. In this paper, the main formal description techniques (FDT) for protocol engineering are brieny introduced and a hybrid formal description method based on the FSM, CSP and ADT for communication protocol is described. Finally, this paper presents the formal specification of an example protocol for LAN by using the proposed hybrid formal method. The results of studies show that the hybrid formal description method for communication protocol is an available and effective approach.
文摘The Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadz arrived in Beijing on February 1 for a three-day official visit to China. He said that he was entrusted to hand over a formal letten from Soviet leader Mikhall Gorbachev to Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping. His visit is a continuation of the process of normalizing Sino-Soviet relations. It is also a part of the preparations for the Sino-Soviet summit, which is to be held from May 15 to 18.
文摘On June l, Angolans took to the streets in an outpouring of popular joy to celebrate the signing of peace accords. One day earlier, Angola’s government. and UNITA rebels formally signed an historic accord in Lisbon to end 16 years of civil war. A powerful volcano spewed torrents of lava, ash and gas over a mountain town in southern Japan on June 4, leaving at least 30 people missing. From June 9 to 14, powerful explosions rocked a Philippine volcano for many times, sending huge mushroom cloud of ash and debris thousands of metres into the sky. Chinese President Yang Shangkun arrived in Indonesia on June 5 at the start of a five-day state visit. Yang was greeted by President Suharto at a red carpet welcoming ceremony held at the Independence Palace. Yang left Indonesia for Bangkok on June 10 for five-day visit to Thailand. He was accorded a grand red carpet welcoming ceremony and greeting by thousands of flagwaving locals. On June 15, he returned to Kunming.
基金The phased achievements of the Major Project of National Social Science Fund of China“A Study on the Civil Law Spirit and the People-Centered Model of the Construction of Socialist Rule of Law Culture”(14ZDC022)
文摘The continuous debate on the formal rule of law and the substantive rule of law in the construction of the rule of law in China not only affects the understanding of the connotation of the rule of law in China,but also the choice of the path for the development of the rule of law in China.In the new stage of “comprehensively advancing the Law-Based Governance of China”,the process of “comprehensively advancing the Law-Based Governance of China” is also a process of continuously improving the rule of law quality in China.And from this perspective,the relationship between the formal rule of law and the substantive rule of law has got a new meaning.Promoting the substantive rule of law is an important way to realize the development of the rule of law and improve the quality of the rule of law.At the same time,the promotion of the substantive rule of law should follow the “people-centered” nature of the rule of law and the objective is conducive to the promotion of the rule of law and the formation of the “rule of law ecology”.
文摘This paper investigates formal techniques of protocol based on communicating finite state machines (CFSM). Taking the protocols POLLEND (PE) and ACKNACK (AN) as the examples, the paper discusses the formal description, validation and conversion of protocol with the CFSM, presents a protocol validation method and a protocol conversion algorithm based on the CFSM and demonstrates the applicability of the method and the algorithm using the example protocols PE and AN.
文摘We present a method for using type theory to solve decision making problem. Our method is based on the view that decision making is a special kind of theorem proving activity. An isomorphism between problems and types, and solutions and programs has been established to support this view which is much similar to the Curry-Howard isomorphism between propositions and types, and proofs and programs. To support our method, a proof development system called PowerEpsilon has been developed, and the synthesis of a decision procedure for validity of first-order propositional logic is discussed to show the power of the system.
