In order to quantify the contribution of the mitigation strategies,an extended Kaya identity has been proposed in this paper for decomposing the various factors that influence the CO2 emission.To this end,we provided ...In order to quantify the contribution of the mitigation strategies,an extended Kaya identity has been proposed in this paper for decomposing the various factors that influence the CO2 emission.To this end,we provided a detailed decomposition of the carbon intensity and energy intensity,which enables the quantification of clean energy development and electrification.The logarithmic mean divisia index(LMDI)has been applied to the historical data to quantify the contributions of the various factors affecting the CO2 emissions.Further,the global energy interconnection(GEI)scenario has been introduced for providing a systematic solution to meet the 2℃goal of the Paris Agreement.By combining LMDI with the scenario analysis,the mitigation potential of the various factors for CO2 emission has been analyzed.Results from the historical data indicate that economic development and population growth contribute the most to the increase in CO2 emissions,whereas improvement in the power generation efficiency predominantly helps in emission reduction.A numerical analysis,performed for obtaining the projected future carbon emissions,suggests that clean energy development and electrification are the top two factors that can decrease CO2 emissions,thus showing their great potential for mitigation in the future.Moreover,the carbon capture and storage technology serves as an important supplementary mitigation method.展开更多
How to achieve the objective of reducing CO2 emissions has been an academic focus in China recently. The factors influencing CO2 emissions are the vital issue to accomplish the arduous target. Firstly, three influenti...How to achieve the objective of reducing CO2 emissions has been an academic focus in China recently. The factors influencing CO2 emissions are the vital issue to accomplish the arduous target. Firstly, three influential factors, the energy consumption, the proportion of tertiary industry in gross domestic product （GDP）, and the degree of dependence on foreign trade, are carefully selected, since all of them have closer grey relation with China＇s COz emissions compared with others when the grey relational analysis （GRA） method is applied. The study highlights co-integration relation of these four variables using the co-integration analysis method. And then a long-term co-integration equation and a short-term error correction model of China＇s CO2 emissions are devel- oped. Finally, the comparison is exerted between the forecast value and the actual value of China＇s CO2 emissions based on error correction model. The results and the relevant statistics tests show that the pro- posed model has better explanation capability and credibility.展开更多
This study aims at determining the optimal CO2 separation technology for Chinese refineries, based on current available technologies, by the method of comprehensive evaluation. Firstly, according to the characteristic...This study aims at determining the optimal CO2 separation technology for Chinese refineries, based on current available technologies, by the method of comprehensive evaluation. Firstly, according to the characteristics of flue gas from Chinese refineries, three feasible CO2 separation technologies are selected. These are pressure swing adsorption （PSA）, chemical absorption （CA）, and membrane absorption （MA）. Secondly, an economic assessment of these three techniques is carried out in accordance with cash flow analysis. The results show that these three techniques all have economic feasibility and the PSA technique is the best. Finally, to further optimize the three techniques, a two-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established, including economic, technological, and environmental factors. Considering all the factors, PSA is optimal for Chinese refineries, followed by CA and MA. Therefore, to reduce Chinese refineries carbon emission, it is suggested that CO2 should be captured from off-gases using PSA.展开更多
Soil respiration studies in paludified forests of the European part of Russia are quite rare in comparison with those of open peat bogs,which make long-term observations in this region highly relevant.In this study,so...Soil respiration studies in paludified forests of the European part of Russia are quite rare in comparison with those of open peat bogs,which make long-term observations in this region highly relevant.In this study,soil CO2 emissions were measured by the close chamber method in different microlandscapes of paludified forests.For four summer seasons with different environments,soil respiration ranged from 1078 to 248 mg CO2 m^-2 h^-1 in a paludified spruce forest site with coarse woody debris to 659–820 mg CO2 m^-2 h^-1 in a paludified boggy pine forest.The most intensive soil respiration was observed during the hot summer of 2013 and the lowest in the hot and humid summer of 2016.Annual total soil CO2 emissions in paludified forests in 2015–2016 were approximately 2000–3000 g CO2 m-2.During the year,the lowest CO2 emission values were observed from November to April(14–84 mg CO2 m^-2 h^-1)and the maximum were in July and August(522–1205 mg CO2 m^-2 h^-1).The contributions of CO2 emissions in the cold November–April period were 6–8.5%.The impacts of temperature on soil respiration were higher(r2=0.45–0.57)than those of groundwater levels(r^2=0.17–0.49).Soil respiration in the paludified spruce forest and in the pine bog generally were higher than emissions from ecosystems with similar hydrothermal conditions in the boreal zone.展开更多
The conversion of carbon dioxide to chemicals by the electrochemical reactions(ERC)is an efficient solution to the current energy crisis and excess CO_(2) emissions.It is still a great challenge and of significance to...The conversion of carbon dioxide to chemicals by the electrochemical reactions(ERC)is an efficient solution to the current energy crisis and excess CO_(2) emissions.It is still a great challenge and of significance to synthesize a highly selective,efficient,and non-noble metal electrocatalyst that facilitates the ERC reaction.A novel triton X-100(C_(14)H_(22)O(C_(2)H_(4)O)n)assisted electrodeposition method was developed to synthesize the ordered cone-structured tin(OCSn)electrocatalysts with controllable morphology and structure.The results suggest that Triton X-100 plays an important role in directing the structure of the Sn electrocatalysts during the electrodeposition process.The OCSn synthesized at 60 m A cm^(-2) achieves the best performances.It selectively catalyzes the ERC on the onset potential about 110 m V lower than Sn synthesized without Triton X-100.In 0.5 M Na HCO_(3),high faradaic efficiency(92%)for formate product on OCSn has been achieved.More prominently,the catalyst presents excellent stability,showing no performance deterioration during 30 h electrolysis.This work provides an efficient,green,and scalable synthesis method of the electrocatalyst for CO_(2) reduction to formate.展开更多
More than 10000 different types of ship ply the waters of Bangladesh all year round,but the performance of these ships in terms of CO2 emission is not known and regulations related to energy efficiency of inland water...More than 10000 different types of ship ply the waters of Bangladesh all year round,but the performance of these ships in terms of CO2 emission is not known and regulations related to energy efficiency of inland waterway ships remain nonexistent.This paper attempts to assess the present situation of inland class vessels in terms of Energy Efficiency Design Index(EEDI).With the use of a developed database of inland vessels in Bangladesh,EEDI reference lines for different types of inland vessels in Bangladesh were established and then compared with those of other countries.The present EEDI of existing inland vessels was investigated.Results indicate that most of the existing vessels do not meet the current EEDI baseline.Hence,new guidelines are necessary to achieve EEDI compliance in the near future.Some recommendations were proposed for improving CO2 emissions,with the socioeconomic and technical factors in Bangladesh taken into consideration.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of GEIGC(101662227)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018 YFB0905000).
文摘In order to quantify the contribution of the mitigation strategies,an extended Kaya identity has been proposed in this paper for decomposing the various factors that influence the CO2 emission.To this end,we provided a detailed decomposition of the carbon intensity and energy intensity,which enables the quantification of clean energy development and electrification.The logarithmic mean divisia index(LMDI)has been applied to the historical data to quantify the contributions of the various factors affecting the CO2 emissions.Further,the global energy interconnection(GEI)scenario has been introduced for providing a systematic solution to meet the 2℃goal of the Paris Agreement.By combining LMDI with the scenario analysis,the mitigation potential of the various factors for CO2 emission has been analyzed.Results from the historical data indicate that economic development and population growth contribute the most to the increase in CO2 emissions,whereas improvement in the power generation efficiency predominantly helps in emission reduction.A numerical analysis,performed for obtaining the projected future carbon emissions,suggests that clean energy development and electrification are the top two factors that can decrease CO2 emissions,thus showing their great potential for mitigation in the future.Moreover,the carbon capture and storage technology serves as an important supplementary mitigation method.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41101569)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2011M500965)+5 种基金the Jiangsu Funds of Social Science(11EYC023)the Doctoral Discipline New Teachers Fund(20110095120002)the Jiangsu Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(1102088C)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JGJ110763)the Talent Introduction Funds of China University of Mining and Technologythe Sail Plan Funds for Young Teachers of China University of Mining and Technology~~
文摘How to achieve the objective of reducing CO2 emissions has been an academic focus in China recently. The factors influencing CO2 emissions are the vital issue to accomplish the arduous target. Firstly, three influential factors, the energy consumption, the proportion of tertiary industry in gross domestic product （GDP）, and the degree of dependence on foreign trade, are carefully selected, since all of them have closer grey relation with China＇s COz emissions compared with others when the grey relational analysis （GRA） method is applied. The study highlights co-integration relation of these four variables using the co-integration analysis method. And then a long-term co-integration equation and a short-term error correction model of China＇s CO2 emissions are devel- oped. Finally, the comparison is exerted between the forecast value and the actual value of China＇s CO2 emissions based on error correction model. The results and the relevant statistics tests show that the pro- posed model has better explanation capability and credibility.
基金the China University of Petroleum Foundationthe Research Institute of Safety and Environment TechnologyChina National Petroleum Corporation
文摘This study aims at determining the optimal CO2 separation technology for Chinese refineries, based on current available technologies, by the method of comprehensive evaluation. Firstly, according to the characteristics of flue gas from Chinese refineries, three feasible CO2 separation technologies are selected. These are pressure swing adsorption （PSA）, chemical absorption （CA）, and membrane absorption （MA）. Secondly, an economic assessment of these three techniques is carried out in accordance with cash flow analysis. The results show that these three techniques all have economic feasibility and the PSA technique is the best. Finally, to further optimize the three techniques, a two-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established, including economic, technological, and environmental factors. Considering all the factors, PSA is optimal for Chinese refineries, followed by CA and MA. Therefore, to reduce Chinese refineries carbon emission, it is suggested that CO2 should be captured from off-gases using PSA.
基金funded by RFBR and the Russian Geographical Society through the research project No 17-05-41127partially supported by the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Programme No.51《Climate change causes+2 种基金risksconsequencesproblems of adaptation and regulation》。
文摘Soil respiration studies in paludified forests of the European part of Russia are quite rare in comparison with those of open peat bogs,which make long-term observations in this region highly relevant.In this study,soil CO2 emissions were measured by the close chamber method in different microlandscapes of paludified forests.For four summer seasons with different environments,soil respiration ranged from 1078 to 248 mg CO2 m^-2 h^-1 in a paludified spruce forest site with coarse woody debris to 659–820 mg CO2 m^-2 h^-1 in a paludified boggy pine forest.The most intensive soil respiration was observed during the hot summer of 2013 and the lowest in the hot and humid summer of 2016.Annual total soil CO2 emissions in paludified forests in 2015–2016 were approximately 2000–3000 g CO2 m-2.During the year,the lowest CO2 emission values were observed from November to April(14–84 mg CO2 m^-2 h^-1)and the maximum were in July and August(522–1205 mg CO2 m^-2 h^-1).The contributions of CO2 emissions in the cold November–April period were 6–8.5%.The impacts of temperature on soil respiration were higher(r2=0.45–0.57)than those of groundwater levels(r^2=0.17–0.49).Soil respiration in the paludified spruce forest and in the pine bog generally were higher than emissions from ecosystems with similar hydrothermal conditions in the boreal zone.
基金the financially support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21576255 and No.21577141)Dalian Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(2018RJ09)。
文摘The conversion of carbon dioxide to chemicals by the electrochemical reactions(ERC)is an efficient solution to the current energy crisis and excess CO_(2) emissions.It is still a great challenge and of significance to synthesize a highly selective,efficient,and non-noble metal electrocatalyst that facilitates the ERC reaction.A novel triton X-100(C_(14)H_(22)O(C_(2)H_(4)O)n)assisted electrodeposition method was developed to synthesize the ordered cone-structured tin(OCSn)electrocatalysts with controllable morphology and structure.The results suggest that Triton X-100 plays an important role in directing the structure of the Sn electrocatalysts during the electrodeposition process.The OCSn synthesized at 60 m A cm^(-2) achieves the best performances.It selectively catalyzes the ERC on the onset potential about 110 m V lower than Sn synthesized without Triton X-100.In 0.5 M Na HCO_(3),high faradaic efficiency(92%)for formate product on OCSn has been achieved.More prominently,the catalyst presents excellent stability,showing no performance deterioration during 30 h electrolysis.This work provides an efficient,green,and scalable synthesis method of the electrocatalyst for CO_(2) reduction to formate.
文摘More than 10000 different types of ship ply the waters of Bangladesh all year round,but the performance of these ships in terms of CO2 emission is not known and regulations related to energy efficiency of inland waterway ships remain nonexistent.This paper attempts to assess the present situation of inland class vessels in terms of Energy Efficiency Design Index(EEDI).With the use of a developed database of inland vessels in Bangladesh,EEDI reference lines for different types of inland vessels in Bangladesh were established and then compared with those of other countries.The present EEDI of existing inland vessels was investigated.Results indicate that most of the existing vessels do not meet the current EEDI baseline.Hence,new guidelines are necessary to achieve EEDI compliance in the near future.Some recommendations were proposed for improving CO2 emissions,with the socioeconomic and technical factors in Bangladesh taken into consideration.
