Optimal activation of T cells requires at least 2signals. Signal one is generated by interactionsbetween T cell receptor and antigenic peptide-majorhistocompatibility complex on antigen-presentingcells. Signal two is ...Optimal activation of T cells requires at least 2signals. Signal one is generated by interactionsbetween T cell receptor and antigenic peptide-majorhistocompatibility complex on antigen-presentingcells. Signal two is delivered by co-stimulatory ligandson antigen-presenting cells to their receptors on展开更多
To make rat do active exercise to counteract bone loss in the rat tail-suspension model, a pulse electrical stimulator based on single-electrode with a low-current and a high-voltage was designed. The stimulator was c...To make rat do active exercise to counteract bone loss in the rat tail-suspension model, a pulse electrical stimulator based on single-electrode with a low-current and a high-voltage was designed. The stimulator was controlled by SCM (single chip micyoco) that could accurately control the stimulation duration and the interval between stimulations, and cease the operation after the recorded number of stimulation had reached the value set by the program. With the help of posture estimation part, the device would operate intelligently by determining whether to stimulate or not, depending on the posture of rat's limb. Software was developed to make operator control the stimulator using computer, save the experiment data and print the report. In practical experiment, the voltaic arc is generated by the stimulator, and impacted on the rat's thenar. This induced pain to the rat and the rat would actively contract its hindlimb to evade the pain, so active exercise was carried out. The tail-suspension rats were trained twice every day for 14 d. At the 0 and 14th day, bone mineral density of rat femurs was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The results show that the active exercise stimulated by the pulse electrical arc stimulator can attenuate weightlessness-induced bone loss, and this device is a convenient steady performance electrical stimulator that can surely induce rat's hindlimb to do active exercise.展开更多
经颅磁刺激(transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS)是一种神经调制方法,临床中凭借医生经验手动确定TMS线圈摆放位姿,导致线圈摆放位置和姿态不准确且重复定位精度差。针对上述问题,提出一种TMS线圈机器人辅助定位系统,使用RGB相机...经颅磁刺激(transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS)是一种神经调制方法,临床中凭借医生经验手动确定TMS线圈摆放位姿,导致线圈摆放位置和姿态不准确且重复定位精度差。针对上述问题,提出一种TMS线圈机器人辅助定位系统,使用RGB相机替代导航系统中双目红外相机,采用一种基于神经网络的无标志物TMS线圈机器人辅助定位方法。搭建神经网络实现相机空间线圈姿态到操作臂空间关节角度的映射,并通过仿真数据训练验证了该神经网络架构适用于TMS线圈位姿摆放问题。随后,通过实验验证了该方法的可行性,同时表明训练的神经网络针对TMS线圈定位任务具有良好的泛化能力。最后,在笛卡儿空间的位姿验证结果显示TMS线圈三维位置平均误差为2.16 mm,总体姿态误差为0.055 rad,使用RGB相机的TMS线圈机器人辅助定位系统在精度上达到了与其他使用双目红外相机的科研或商用系统相同的水平,满足TMS临床治疗要求,具备临床应用的可行性。展开更多
Objective To evaluate the association of GGN repeat polymorphism of androgen receptor(AR)with ovarian reserve and ovarian response in controlled ovarian stimulation(COS).Methods This genetic association study was cond...Objective To evaluate the association of GGN repeat polymorphism of androgen receptor(AR)with ovarian reserve and ovarian response in controlled ovarian stimulation(COS).Methods This genetic association study was conducted among a total of 361 women aged≤40 years with basal FSH≤12 U/L undergoing the GnRH-agonist long protocol for COS in a university affiliated IVF center.GGN repeat in the AR gene was analyzed with Sanger sequencing.The primary endpoint was the number of antral follicle counts(AFCs),and the secondary endpoints were stimulation days,total dose of gonadotropin(Gn)used,total number of retrieved oocytes,ovarian sensitivity index,and follicular output rate.Results The GGN repeat in exon 1 of the AR gene ranged from 13 to 24,and the median repeat length was 22.Based on the genotypes(S for GGN repeats<22,L for GGN repeats≥22),the patients were divided into 3 groups:SS,SL,and LL.Generalized regression analysis indicated that the number of AFCs in group SS was significantly lower than those in group SL(adjusted β=1.8,95%CI:0.2-3.4,P=0.024)and group LL(adjusted β=1.5,95%CI:0.2-2.7,P=0.021).No significant difference was observed in the number of AFCs between group SL and group LL(P>0.05).Generalized regression analysis indicated no significant differences in ovarian stimulation parameters among the 3 groups,either before or after adjusting for confounding factors(P>0.05).Conclusion GGN repeat length on the AR gene is associated with AFC but not with ovarian response in Chinese women,indicating that AR gene polymorphisms may affect ovarian reserve.展开更多
The subcortical visual pathway is generally thought to be involved in dangerous information processing,such as fear processing and defensive behavior.A recent study,published in Human Brain Mapping,shows a new functio...The subcortical visual pathway is generally thought to be involved in dangerous information processing,such as fear processing and defensive behavior.A recent study,published in Human Brain Mapping,shows a new function of the subcortical pathway involved in the fast processing of non-emotional object perception.Rapid object processing is a critical function of visual system.Topological perception theory proposes that the initial perception of objects begins with the extraction of topological property(TP).However,the mechanism of rapid TP processing remains unclear.The researchers investigated the subcortical mechanism of TP processing with transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS).They find that a subcortical magnocellular pathway is responsible for the early processing of TP,and this subcortical processing of TP accelerates object recognition.Based on their findings,we propose a novel training approach called subcortical magnocellular pathway training(SMPT),aimed at improving the efficiency of the subcortical M pathway to restore visual and attentional functions in disorders associated with subcortical pathway dysfunction.展开更多
Objective Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing neurocognitive performance in Alzheimer’s disease(AD),but the neurobiological mechanisms linking synaptic pathology,n...Objective Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing neurocognitive performance in Alzheimer’s disease(AD),but the neurobiological mechanisms linking synaptic pathology,neural oscillatory dynamics,and brain network reorganization remain unclear.This investigation seeks to systematically evaluate the therapeutic potential of rTMS as a non-invasive neuromodulatory intervention through a multimodal framework integrating clinical assessments,molecular profiling,and neurophysiological monitoring.Methods In this prospective double-blind trial,12 AD patients underwent a 14-day protocol of 20 Hz rTMS,with comprehensive multimodal assessments performed pre-and postintervention.Cognitive functioning was quantified using the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)and Montreal cognitive assessment(MOCA),while daily living capacities and neuropsychiatric profiles were respectively evaluated through the activities of daily living(ADL)scale and combined neuropsychiatric inventory(NPI)-Hamilton depression rating scale(HAMD).Peripheral blood biomarkers,specifically Aβ1-40 and phosphorylated tau(p-tau181),were analyzed to investigate the effects of rTMS on molecular metabolism.Spectral power analysis was employed to investigate rTMS-induced modulations of neural rhythms in AD patients,while brain network analyses incorporating topological properties were conducted to examine stimulus-driven network reorganization.Furthermore,systematic assessment of correlations between cognitive scale scores,blood biomarkers,and network characteristics was performed to elucidate cross-modal therapeutic associations.Results Clinically,MMSE and MOCA scores improved significantly(P<0.05).Biomarker showed that Aβ1-40 level increased(P<0.05),contrasting with p-tau181 reduction.Moreover,the levels of Aβ1-40 were positively correlated with MMSE and MOCA scores.Post-intervention analyses revealed significant modulations in oscillatory power,characterized by pronounced reductions in delta(P<0.05)and theta bands(P<0.05),while concurrent enhancements were observed in alpha,beta,and gamma band activities(all P<0.05).Network analysis revealed frequency-specific reorganization:clustering coefficients were significantly decreased in delta,theta,and alpha bands(P<0.05),while global efficiency improvement was exclusively detected in the delta band(P<0.05).The alpha band demonstrated concurrent increases in average nodal degree(P<0.05)and characteristic path length reduction(P<0.05).Further research findings indicate that the changes in the clinical scale HAMD scores before and after rTMS stimulation are negatively correlated with the changes in the blood biomarkers Aβ1-40 and p-tau181.Additionally,the changes in the clinical scales MMSE and MoCA scores were negatively correlated with the changes in the node degree of the alpha frequency band and negatively correlated with the clustering coefficient of the delta frequency band.However,the changes in MMSE scores are positively correlated with the changes in global efficiency of both the delta and alpha frequency bands.Conclusion 20 Hz rTMS targeting dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)significantly improves cognitive function and enhances the metabolic clearance ofβ-amyloid and tau proteins in AD patients.This neurotherapeutic effect is mechanistically associated with rTMS-mediated frequency-selective neuromodulation,which enhances the connectivity of oscillatory networks through improved neuronal synchronization and optimized topological organization of functional brain networks.These findings not only support the efficacy of rTMS as an adjunctive therapy for AD but also underscore the importance of employing multiple assessment methods—including clinical scales,blood biomarkers,and EEG——in understanding and monitoring the progression of AD.This research provides a significant theoretical foundation and empirical evidence for further exploration of rTMS applications in AD treatment.展开更多
Optical-neural stimulation,which encompasses cutting-edge techniques such as optogenetics and infrared neurostimulation,employs distinct mechanisms to modulate brain function and behavior.These advanced neuromodulatio...Optical-neural stimulation,which encompasses cutting-edge techniques such as optogenetics and infrared neurostimulation,employs distinct mechanisms to modulate brain function and behavior.These advanced neuromodulation techniques offer accurate manipulation of targeted areas,even selectively modulating specific neurons,in the brain.This makes it possible to investigate the cause-and-effect connections between neural activity and behavior,allowing for a better comprehension of the intricate brain dynamics towards complex environments.Non-human primates serve as an essential animal model for investigating these complex functions in brain research,bridging the gap between the basic research and clinical applications.One of the earliest optical studies utilizing optogenetic neuromodulation in monkeys was conducted in 2009.Since then,the optical-neural stimulations have been effectively applied in non-human primates.This review summarises recent research that employed optogenetics or infrared neurostimulation techniques to regulate brain function and behavior in non-human primates.The current state of optical-neural stimulations discussed here demonstrates their efficacy in advancing the understanding of brain systems.Nevertheless,there are still challenges that need to be addressed before they can fully achieve their potential.展开更多
Objective Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is the breast cancer subtype with the worst prognosis,and lacks effective therapeutic targets.Colony stimulating factors(CSFs)are cytokines that can regulate the production...Objective Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is the breast cancer subtype with the worst prognosis,and lacks effective therapeutic targets.Colony stimulating factors(CSFs)are cytokines that can regulate the production of blood cells and stimulate the growth and development of immune cells,playing an important role in the malignant progression of TNBC.This article aims to construct a novel prognostic model based on the expression of colony stimulating factors-related genes(CRGs),and analyze the sensitivity of TNBC patients to immunotherapy and drug therapy.Methods We downloaded CRGs from public databases and screened for differentially expressed CRGs between normal and TNBC tissues in the TCGA-BRCA database.Through LASSO Cox regression analysis,we constructed a prognostic model and stratified TNBC patients into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the colony stimulating factors-related genes risk score(CRRS).We further analyzed the correlation between CRRS and patient prognosis,clinical features,tumor microenvironment(TME)in both high-risk and low-risk groups,and evaluated the relationship between CRRS and sensitivity to immunotherapy and drug therapy.Results We identified 842 differentially expressed CRGs in breast cancer tissues of TNBC patients and selected 13 CRGs for constructing the prognostic model.Kaplan-Meier survival curves,time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves,and other analyses confirmed that TNBC patients with high CRRS had shorter overall survival,and the predictive ability of CRRS prognostic model was further validated using the GEO dataset.Nomogram combining clinical features confirmed that CRRS was an independent factor for the prognosis of TNBC patients.Moreover,patients in the high-risk group had lower levels of immune infiltration in the TME and were sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs such as 5-fluorouracil,ipatasertib,and paclitaxel.Conclusion We have developed a CRRS-based prognostic model composed of 13 differentially expressed CRGs,which may serve as a useful tool for predicting the prognosis of TNBC patients and guiding clinical treatment.Moreover,the key genes within this model may represent potential molecular targets for future therapies of TNBC.展开更多
帕金森病（Parkinson＇s disease,PD）是中老年人常见的神经系统退行性疾病,需长期服药,基础药物是多巴胺能药物-多巴丝肼片,但即便对多巴胺敏感的患者,服用多巴丝肼片（美多芭）也可能随时间推移及病情的进展,疗效会逐渐减退,本文主要...帕金森病（Parkinson＇s disease,PD）是中老年人常见的神经系统退行性疾病,需长期服药,基础药物是多巴胺能药物-多巴丝肼片,但即便对多巴胺敏感的患者,服用多巴丝肼片（美多芭）也可能随时间推移及病情的进展,疗效会逐渐减退,本文主要评价低频经颅磁刺激（transcranial magnetic stimulation,TMS）联合司来吉兰对多巴丝肼片治疗不佳的中晚期PD患者运动功能的影响。展开更多
近年来,经颅直流电刺激（transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS）、经颅磁刺激（transcranial magnetic stimulation,TMS）等非侵入性脑刺激技术受到越来越多的关注。tDCS由于其副作用小、刺激范围大,可以与语言检查或治疗同...近年来,经颅直流电刺激（transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS）、经颅磁刺激（transcranial magnetic stimulation,TMS）等非侵入性脑刺激技术受到越来越多的关注。tDCS由于其副作用小、刺激范围大,可以与语言检查或治疗同时实施,因此在失语症的治疗与研究中具有其独特的优势。展开更多
脑卒中是一种严重危害人类健康的疾病,幸存患者常会遗留严重的运动、言语、认知等功能障碍,进而严重影响患者的生活质量,积极研究脑卒中后功能障碍的康复评定和治疗方法具有重要意义。经颅磁刺激（transcranial magnetic stimulation,TM...脑卒中是一种严重危害人类健康的疾病,幸存患者常会遗留严重的运动、言语、认知等功能障碍,进而严重影响患者的生活质量,积极研究脑卒中后功能障碍的康复评定和治疗方法具有重要意义。经颅磁刺激（transcranial magnetic stimulation,TMS）是1985年由Barker等首先创立的一种非侵入性调制脑功能方法之一,具有高频（〉1Hz）兴奋和低频（≤1Hz）抑制的双向调制、无痛、无创及操作方便等优点^（[1]）。近年来既作为研究工具,又作为康复治疗方法广泛应用于脑卒中临床康复医疗中。具体如下：展开更多
文摘Optimal activation of T cells requires at least 2signals. Signal one is generated by interactionsbetween T cell receptor and antigenic peptide-majorhistocompatibility complex on antigen-presentingcells. Signal two is delivered by co-stimulatory ligandson antigen-presenting cells to their receptors on
基金Project(10872024) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘To make rat do active exercise to counteract bone loss in the rat tail-suspension model, a pulse electrical stimulator based on single-electrode with a low-current and a high-voltage was designed. The stimulator was controlled by SCM (single chip micyoco) that could accurately control the stimulation duration and the interval between stimulations, and cease the operation after the recorded number of stimulation had reached the value set by the program. With the help of posture estimation part, the device would operate intelligently by determining whether to stimulate or not, depending on the posture of rat's limb. Software was developed to make operator control the stimulator using computer, save the experiment data and print the report. In practical experiment, the voltaic arc is generated by the stimulator, and impacted on the rat's thenar. This induced pain to the rat and the rat would actively contract its hindlimb to evade the pain, so active exercise was carried out. The tail-suspension rats were trained twice every day for 14 d. At the 0 and 14th day, bone mineral density of rat femurs was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The results show that the active exercise stimulated by the pulse electrical arc stimulator can attenuate weightlessness-induced bone loss, and this device is a convenient steady performance electrical stimulator that can surely induce rat's hindlimb to do active exercise.
文摘Objective To evaluate the association of GGN repeat polymorphism of androgen receptor(AR)with ovarian reserve and ovarian response in controlled ovarian stimulation(COS).Methods This genetic association study was conducted among a total of 361 women aged≤40 years with basal FSH≤12 U/L undergoing the GnRH-agonist long protocol for COS in a university affiliated IVF center.GGN repeat in the AR gene was analyzed with Sanger sequencing.The primary endpoint was the number of antral follicle counts(AFCs),and the secondary endpoints were stimulation days,total dose of gonadotropin(Gn)used,total number of retrieved oocytes,ovarian sensitivity index,and follicular output rate.Results The GGN repeat in exon 1 of the AR gene ranged from 13 to 24,and the median repeat length was 22.Based on the genotypes(S for GGN repeats<22,L for GGN repeats≥22),the patients were divided into 3 groups:SS,SL,and LL.Generalized regression analysis indicated that the number of AFCs in group SS was significantly lower than those in group SL(adjusted β=1.8,95%CI:0.2-3.4,P=0.024)and group LL(adjusted β=1.5,95%CI:0.2-2.7,P=0.021).No significant difference was observed in the number of AFCs between group SL and group LL(P>0.05).Generalized regression analysis indicated no significant differences in ovarian stimulation parameters among the 3 groups,either before or after adjusting for confounding factors(P>0.05).Conclusion GGN repeat length on the AR gene is associated with AFC but not with ovarian response in Chinese women,indicating that AR gene polymorphisms may affect ovarian reserve.
文摘The subcortical visual pathway is generally thought to be involved in dangerous information processing,such as fear processing and defensive behavior.A recent study,published in Human Brain Mapping,shows a new function of the subcortical pathway involved in the fast processing of non-emotional object perception.Rapid object processing is a critical function of visual system.Topological perception theory proposes that the initial perception of objects begins with the extraction of topological property(TP).However,the mechanism of rapid TP processing remains unclear.The researchers investigated the subcortical mechanism of TP processing with transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS).They find that a subcortical magnocellular pathway is responsible for the early processing of TP,and this subcortical processing of TP accelerates object recognition.Based on their findings,we propose a novel training approach called subcortical magnocellular pathway training(SMPT),aimed at improving the efficiency of the subcortical M pathway to restore visual and attentional functions in disorders associated with subcortical pathway dysfunction.
文摘Objective Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing neurocognitive performance in Alzheimer’s disease(AD),but the neurobiological mechanisms linking synaptic pathology,neural oscillatory dynamics,and brain network reorganization remain unclear.This investigation seeks to systematically evaluate the therapeutic potential of rTMS as a non-invasive neuromodulatory intervention through a multimodal framework integrating clinical assessments,molecular profiling,and neurophysiological monitoring.Methods In this prospective double-blind trial,12 AD patients underwent a 14-day protocol of 20 Hz rTMS,with comprehensive multimodal assessments performed pre-and postintervention.Cognitive functioning was quantified using the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)and Montreal cognitive assessment(MOCA),while daily living capacities and neuropsychiatric profiles were respectively evaluated through the activities of daily living(ADL)scale and combined neuropsychiatric inventory(NPI)-Hamilton depression rating scale(HAMD).Peripheral blood biomarkers,specifically Aβ1-40 and phosphorylated tau(p-tau181),were analyzed to investigate the effects of rTMS on molecular metabolism.Spectral power analysis was employed to investigate rTMS-induced modulations of neural rhythms in AD patients,while brain network analyses incorporating topological properties were conducted to examine stimulus-driven network reorganization.Furthermore,systematic assessment of correlations between cognitive scale scores,blood biomarkers,and network characteristics was performed to elucidate cross-modal therapeutic associations.Results Clinically,MMSE and MOCA scores improved significantly(P<0.05).Biomarker showed that Aβ1-40 level increased(P<0.05),contrasting with p-tau181 reduction.Moreover,the levels of Aβ1-40 were positively correlated with MMSE and MOCA scores.Post-intervention analyses revealed significant modulations in oscillatory power,characterized by pronounced reductions in delta(P<0.05)and theta bands(P<0.05),while concurrent enhancements were observed in alpha,beta,and gamma band activities(all P<0.05).Network analysis revealed frequency-specific reorganization:clustering coefficients were significantly decreased in delta,theta,and alpha bands(P<0.05),while global efficiency improvement was exclusively detected in the delta band(P<0.05).The alpha band demonstrated concurrent increases in average nodal degree(P<0.05)and characteristic path length reduction(P<0.05).Further research findings indicate that the changes in the clinical scale HAMD scores before and after rTMS stimulation are negatively correlated with the changes in the blood biomarkers Aβ1-40 and p-tau181.Additionally,the changes in the clinical scales MMSE and MoCA scores were negatively correlated with the changes in the node degree of the alpha frequency band and negatively correlated with the clustering coefficient of the delta frequency band.However,the changes in MMSE scores are positively correlated with the changes in global efficiency of both the delta and alpha frequency bands.Conclusion 20 Hz rTMS targeting dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)significantly improves cognitive function and enhances the metabolic clearance ofβ-amyloid and tau proteins in AD patients.This neurotherapeutic effect is mechanistically associated with rTMS-mediated frequency-selective neuromodulation,which enhances the connectivity of oscillatory networks through improved neuronal synchronization and optimized topological organization of functional brain networks.These findings not only support the efficacy of rTMS as an adjunctive therapy for AD but also underscore the importance of employing multiple assessment methods—including clinical scales,blood biomarkers,and EEG——in understanding and monitoring the progression of AD.This research provides a significant theoretical foundation and empirical evidence for further exploration of rTMS applications in AD treatment.
文摘Optical-neural stimulation,which encompasses cutting-edge techniques such as optogenetics and infrared neurostimulation,employs distinct mechanisms to modulate brain function and behavior.These advanced neuromodulation techniques offer accurate manipulation of targeted areas,even selectively modulating specific neurons,in the brain.This makes it possible to investigate the cause-and-effect connections between neural activity and behavior,allowing for a better comprehension of the intricate brain dynamics towards complex environments.Non-human primates serve as an essential animal model for investigating these complex functions in brain research,bridging the gap between the basic research and clinical applications.One of the earliest optical studies utilizing optogenetic neuromodulation in monkeys was conducted in 2009.Since then,the optical-neural stimulations have been effectively applied in non-human primates.This review summarises recent research that employed optogenetics or infrared neurostimulation techniques to regulate brain function and behavior in non-human primates.The current state of optical-neural stimulations discussed here demonstrates their efficacy in advancing the understanding of brain systems.Nevertheless,there are still challenges that need to be addressed before they can fully achieve their potential.
文摘Objective Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is the breast cancer subtype with the worst prognosis,and lacks effective therapeutic targets.Colony stimulating factors(CSFs)are cytokines that can regulate the production of blood cells and stimulate the growth and development of immune cells,playing an important role in the malignant progression of TNBC.This article aims to construct a novel prognostic model based on the expression of colony stimulating factors-related genes(CRGs),and analyze the sensitivity of TNBC patients to immunotherapy and drug therapy.Methods We downloaded CRGs from public databases and screened for differentially expressed CRGs between normal and TNBC tissues in the TCGA-BRCA database.Through LASSO Cox regression analysis,we constructed a prognostic model and stratified TNBC patients into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the colony stimulating factors-related genes risk score(CRRS).We further analyzed the correlation between CRRS and patient prognosis,clinical features,tumor microenvironment(TME)in both high-risk and low-risk groups,and evaluated the relationship between CRRS and sensitivity to immunotherapy and drug therapy.Results We identified 842 differentially expressed CRGs in breast cancer tissues of TNBC patients and selected 13 CRGs for constructing the prognostic model.Kaplan-Meier survival curves,time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves,and other analyses confirmed that TNBC patients with high CRRS had shorter overall survival,and the predictive ability of CRRS prognostic model was further validated using the GEO dataset.Nomogram combining clinical features confirmed that CRRS was an independent factor for the prognosis of TNBC patients.Moreover,patients in the high-risk group had lower levels of immune infiltration in the TME and were sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs such as 5-fluorouracil,ipatasertib,and paclitaxel.Conclusion We have developed a CRRS-based prognostic model composed of 13 differentially expressed CRGs,which may serve as a useful tool for predicting the prognosis of TNBC patients and guiding clinical treatment.Moreover,the key genes within this model may represent potential molecular targets for future therapies of TNBC.
文摘帕金森病（Parkinson＇s disease,PD）是中老年人常见的神经系统退行性疾病,需长期服药,基础药物是多巴胺能药物-多巴丝肼片,但即便对多巴胺敏感的患者,服用多巴丝肼片（美多芭）也可能随时间推移及病情的进展,疗效会逐渐减退,本文主要评价低频经颅磁刺激（transcranial magnetic stimulation,TMS）联合司来吉兰对多巴丝肼片治疗不佳的中晚期PD患者运动功能的影响。
文摘近年来,经颅直流电刺激（transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS）、经颅磁刺激（transcranial magnetic stimulation,TMS）等非侵入性脑刺激技术受到越来越多的关注。tDCS由于其副作用小、刺激范围大,可以与语言检查或治疗同时实施,因此在失语症的治疗与研究中具有其独特的优势。
文摘脑卒中是一种严重危害人类健康的疾病,幸存患者常会遗留严重的运动、言语、认知等功能障碍,进而严重影响患者的生活质量,积极研究脑卒中后功能障碍的康复评定和治疗方法具有重要意义。经颅磁刺激（transcranial magnetic stimulation,TMS）是1985年由Barker等首先创立的一种非侵入性调制脑功能方法之一,具有高频（〉1Hz）兴奋和低频（≤1Hz）抑制的双向调制、无痛、无创及操作方便等优点^（[1]）。近年来既作为研究工具,又作为康复治疗方法广泛应用于脑卒中临床康复医疗中。具体如下：
