In this study,a synergistic sulfidation-acid leaching process was proposed to recover valuable metals from gypsum residue and zinc-containing fume.The equilibrium phase composition of the sulfidation reaction and calc...In this study,a synergistic sulfidation-acid leaching process was proposed to recover valuable metals from gypsum residue and zinc-containing fume.The equilibrium phase composition of the sulfidation reaction and calculations of the thermodynamic stability region show that 89.36%Zn,>99%Pb and>99%Cu of gypsum residue and zinc-containing fume can be sulfured to ZnS,PbS and Cu 2 S,under sufficient sulfur partial pressure,low oxygen partial pressure and 400-1000℃.Sulfidation roasting experiments show that the sulfidation rate of Cu,Pb and Zn reach 81.43%,88.25% and 92.31%,respectively,under the roasting conditions of material mass ratio of 30 g:10 g,carbon dosage of 3.75 g,roasting temperature of 800℃ for 3 h.E−pH plots show that ZnS,PbS and Cu_(2)S can be enriched in the leaching residue,under leaching conditions at 25℃,pH<4 and-0.4 V<φ(E)<0.04 V.The leaching experiments showed that the sulfide is retained in the leaching residue,while the leaching rates of Cu,Pb and Zn are 1.94%,2.05% and 1.51%,respectively,under the conditions of 25℃,C_(HCl) of 0.5 mol/L,L/S of 5 mL/g,stirring rate of 300 r/min,and stirring time of 30 min.This study provides a new approach for the synergistic disposal of gypsum residue and zinc containing fume.展开更多
Full-component pyrolysis can process organic components and reduce cathode materials, making it a key focus in green recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the leaching mechanism and kinetics of pyrolyzed...Full-component pyrolysis can process organic components and reduce cathode materials, making it a key focus in green recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the leaching mechanism and kinetics of pyrolyzed black powder in organic acid systems remain unclear, with most research still at the laboratory stage. This study pioneers the exploration of the leaching behavior and reaction mechanism of valuable metal extraction from industrial-scale pyrolyzed black powder using citric acid. The effects of various leaching conditions on the extraction of metals were investigated by single factor experiments and response surface method. Under optimal conditions, the leaching efficiencies of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn all exceeded 97%. Kinetic analysis revealed that the leaching process was controlled by internal diffusion, with the apparent activation energies for Li, Ni, Co, and Mn being 17.89, 23.14, 20.27, and 15.21 kJ/mol, respectively. Additionally, residue characterization identified FePO4 formation as the primary inhibitor of iron dissolution.展开更多
应用缺氧/好氧—移动床生物膜反应器(Anoxic/Aerobic-Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor,A/O-MBBR)系统,通过固定进水COD与无机氮之比C/N为12,将COD依次设置为150、300、350和450mg·L^(-1)时,探讨反应器对海水养殖废水中氨氮、硝氮、亚...应用缺氧/好氧—移动床生物膜反应器(Anoxic/Aerobic-Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor,A/O-MBBR)系统,通过固定进水COD与无机氮之比C/N为12,将COD依次设置为150、300、350和450mg·L^(-1)时,探讨反应器对海水养殖废水中氨氮、硝氮、亚硝氮及COD的去除效果,并分析微生物群落变化及响应。结果表明,在进水COD为150mg·L^(-1)、无机氮12.5mg·L^(-1)时,反应器运行效果最佳,此时氨氮、硝氮、COD和亚硝氮的去除率分别为93.7%(出水0.3 mg·L^(-1)),87.5%(出水0.7mg·L^(-1)),98.2%(出水3mg·L^(-1)),86.9%(出水0.1mg·L^(-1))。当COD提高至450mg·L^(-1)时,氨氮去除率逐渐降低到40.7%,亚硝氮在COD为350mg·L^(-1)时去除率降低至22.5%。在整个系统运行过程中,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)是反应器中的绝对优势类群。当COD由150mg·L^(-1)上升到350mg·L^(-1)时,变形菌门的相对丰度却由63.9%~75.2%提高到88.1%~92.4%;拟杆菌门的相对丰度则由11.9%~13.0%降低到4.5%~5.4%;引起污泥膨胀的发硫菌属(Thiothrix)的相对丰度由6.24%~7.08%增加到58.16%~76.74%,表明反应器污泥膨胀趋势加剧。应用A/O-MBBR工艺处理海水养殖废水时,在COD为150mg·L^(-1)时效果较好,随着COD浓度提高,引起污泥膨胀的微生物开始大量滋生。展开更多
在边界层参数化方案中,临界理查森数可以用来判断湍流状态和计算边界层高度。大部分模式会将临界理查森数设置为常数,但实际上它会发生改变。基于WRF(weather research and forecasting)中尺度数值预报模式和YSU(Yonsei University)边...在边界层参数化方案中,临界理查森数可以用来判断湍流状态和计算边界层高度。大部分模式会将临界理查森数设置为常数,但实际上它会发生改变。基于WRF(weather research and forecasting)中尺度数值预报模式和YSU(Yonsei University)边界层参数化方案(以下简称WRF/YSU),以一次夏季的晴好天气过程为背景,研究了当临界理查森数发生变化,会对气象场和边界层湍流产生的影响。结果表明:当临界理查森数增加时,大范围区域的边界层的高度会增加。在时空上能够体现出来。在空间上,边界层高度分布不均。从时间上看,在下午边界层高度受到的影响最大;理查森数的临界值增加,湍流扩散系数也增大,水汽混合比增加,并且地面热通量总体增大,使边界层高度增大;YSU方案中湍流扩散方程由一个局部项、一个非局部项和一个夹卷项组成。对于热通量,夹卷项对总热通量的贡献与局部项和非局部项的贡献相当。对于水汽和动量通量,局地项及夹卷通量项在边界层中最大。展开更多
基金Projects(52174269,52374293)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2022RC1123)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China。
文摘In this study,a synergistic sulfidation-acid leaching process was proposed to recover valuable metals from gypsum residue and zinc-containing fume.The equilibrium phase composition of the sulfidation reaction and calculations of the thermodynamic stability region show that 89.36%Zn,>99%Pb and>99%Cu of gypsum residue and zinc-containing fume can be sulfured to ZnS,PbS and Cu 2 S,under sufficient sulfur partial pressure,low oxygen partial pressure and 400-1000℃.Sulfidation roasting experiments show that the sulfidation rate of Cu,Pb and Zn reach 81.43%,88.25% and 92.31%,respectively,under the roasting conditions of material mass ratio of 30 g:10 g,carbon dosage of 3.75 g,roasting temperature of 800℃ for 3 h.E−pH plots show that ZnS,PbS and Cu_(2)S can be enriched in the leaching residue,under leaching conditions at 25℃,pH<4 and-0.4 V<φ(E)<0.04 V.The leaching experiments showed that the sulfide is retained in the leaching residue,while the leaching rates of Cu,Pb and Zn are 1.94%,2.05% and 1.51%,respectively,under the conditions of 25℃,C_(HCl) of 0.5 mol/L,L/S of 5 mL/g,stirring rate of 300 r/min,and stirring time of 30 min.This study provides a new approach for the synergistic disposal of gypsum residue and zinc containing fume.
基金Projects(52174269, 52374293) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2024CK1009, 2022RC1123) supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China。
文摘Full-component pyrolysis can process organic components and reduce cathode materials, making it a key focus in green recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the leaching mechanism and kinetics of pyrolyzed black powder in organic acid systems remain unclear, with most research still at the laboratory stage. This study pioneers the exploration of the leaching behavior and reaction mechanism of valuable metal extraction from industrial-scale pyrolyzed black powder using citric acid. The effects of various leaching conditions on the extraction of metals were investigated by single factor experiments and response surface method. Under optimal conditions, the leaching efficiencies of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn all exceeded 97%. Kinetic analysis revealed that the leaching process was controlled by internal diffusion, with the apparent activation energies for Li, Ni, Co, and Mn being 17.89, 23.14, 20.27, and 15.21 kJ/mol, respectively. Additionally, residue characterization identified FePO4 formation as the primary inhibitor of iron dissolution.
文摘应用缺氧/好氧—移动床生物膜反应器(Anoxic/Aerobic-Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor,A/O-MBBR)系统,通过固定进水COD与无机氮之比C/N为12,将COD依次设置为150、300、350和450mg·L^(-1)时,探讨反应器对海水养殖废水中氨氮、硝氮、亚硝氮及COD的去除效果,并分析微生物群落变化及响应。结果表明,在进水COD为150mg·L^(-1)、无机氮12.5mg·L^(-1)时,反应器运行效果最佳,此时氨氮、硝氮、COD和亚硝氮的去除率分别为93.7%(出水0.3 mg·L^(-1)),87.5%(出水0.7mg·L^(-1)),98.2%(出水3mg·L^(-1)),86.9%(出水0.1mg·L^(-1))。当COD提高至450mg·L^(-1)时,氨氮去除率逐渐降低到40.7%,亚硝氮在COD为350mg·L^(-1)时去除率降低至22.5%。在整个系统运行过程中,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)是反应器中的绝对优势类群。当COD由150mg·L^(-1)上升到350mg·L^(-1)时,变形菌门的相对丰度却由63.9%~75.2%提高到88.1%~92.4%;拟杆菌门的相对丰度则由11.9%~13.0%降低到4.5%~5.4%;引起污泥膨胀的发硫菌属(Thiothrix)的相对丰度由6.24%~7.08%增加到58.16%~76.74%,表明反应器污泥膨胀趋势加剧。应用A/O-MBBR工艺处理海水养殖废水时,在COD为150mg·L^(-1)时效果较好,随着COD浓度提高,引起污泥膨胀的微生物开始大量滋生。
文摘在边界层参数化方案中,临界理查森数可以用来判断湍流状态和计算边界层高度。大部分模式会将临界理查森数设置为常数,但实际上它会发生改变。基于WRF(weather research and forecasting)中尺度数值预报模式和YSU(Yonsei University)边界层参数化方案(以下简称WRF/YSU),以一次夏季的晴好天气过程为背景,研究了当临界理查森数发生变化,会对气象场和边界层湍流产生的影响。结果表明:当临界理查森数增加时,大范围区域的边界层的高度会增加。在时空上能够体现出来。在空间上,边界层高度分布不均。从时间上看,在下午边界层高度受到的影响最大;理查森数的临界值增加,湍流扩散系数也增大,水汽混合比增加,并且地面热通量总体增大,使边界层高度增大;YSU方案中湍流扩散方程由一个局部项、一个非局部项和一个夹卷项组成。对于热通量,夹卷项对总热通量的贡献与局部项和非局部项的贡献相当。对于水汽和动量通量,局地项及夹卷通量项在边界层中最大。
