以不同脱氧方式熔炼的海洋工程用钢为研究对象,利用SEM、EDS及Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件对钢中夹杂物形貌、组成及尺寸分布等进行表征,通过3.5%NaCl溶液中阳极极化及腐蚀实验对钢中夹杂物诱发点蚀的行为进行探究。结果表明,与Al-Mg脱氧钢...以不同脱氧方式熔炼的海洋工程用钢为研究对象,利用SEM、EDS及Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件对钢中夹杂物形貌、组成及尺寸分布等进行表征,通过3.5%NaCl溶液中阳极极化及腐蚀实验对钢中夹杂物诱发点蚀的行为进行探究。结果表明,与Al-Mg脱氧钢相比,Ti-Mg脱氧钢中形成了含有TiO_x的复合氧化物,夹杂数量更多且平均尺寸更小(小于1μm),有利于MnS的异质形核析出及弥散分布;低腐蚀活性的含TiOx复合氧化物及高度分散、异质局部析出MnS夹杂具有较低的点蚀敏感性及自腐蚀催化作用,降低了点蚀的诱发及扩展,有效提高了钢的抗点蚀性能。展开更多
A batch experiment was conducted to investigate the adsorption of trivalent chromium （Cr（Ⅲ）） from aqueous solutions by sugarcane pulp residue （SPR） and biochar. The results show that Cr（Ⅲ） adsorption by SPR ...A batch experiment was conducted to investigate the adsorption of trivalent chromium （Cr（Ⅲ）） from aqueous solutions by sugarcane pulp residue （SPR） and biochar. The results show that Cr（Ⅲ） adsorption by SPR and biochar is highly pH-dependent and Cr（Ⅲ） adsorption amount increases with the increase of pH. The adsorption kinetics of Cr（Ⅲ） fits well with the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum Cr（Ⅲ） adsorption capacities of 15.85 mg/g and 3.43 mg/g for biochar and SPR were calculated by Langmuir model. This indicates that biochar has a larger ability for Cr（Ⅲ） adsorption than SPR. The free energy change value （AG） reveals a spontaneous sorption process of Cr（Ⅲ） onto SPR and non-spontaneous sorption process onto biochar. The entropy change （AS） and enthalpy change （AH） are found to be 66.27 J/（mol＇K） and 17.13 kJ/mol for SPR and 91.59 J/（mol-K） and 30.875 kJ/mol for biochar which further reflect an affinity of Cr（Ⅲ） onto SPR and biochar. It is suggested that biochar has potential to be an efficient adsorbent in the removal of Cr（Ⅲ） from industrial wastewater.展开更多
Bench-scale soil column experiments were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of Cr（VI） bioremediation process in soils by using indigenous bacteria with the addition of bacteria nutrient media. Effects of part...Bench-scale soil column experiments were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of Cr（VI） bioremediation process in soils by using indigenous bacteria with the addition of bacteria nutrient media. Effects of particle size, spray intensity, initial Cr（VI） concentration, circulation mode and soil depth on Cr（VI） remediation were studied. Results show that soils after 6 d remediation with spray intensity controlled in the range of 29.6-59.2 mL/min could well fulfill the requirement of concrete aggregate and roadbed material usage, for the leaching toxicity concentration of the Cr（VI） in treated soils under the chosen condition is far less than 5 mg/L The leaching toxicity and fractions of both hexavalent chromium and trivalent chromium from remediated soils were determined and compared with that of untreated soil. The results show that water soluble Cr（VI） declines from 1520.54 mg/kg to 0.68 mg/kg, exchangeable Cr（VI） decreases from 34.83 mg/kg to 0.01 mg/kg and carbonates-bonded Cr（V1） falls from 13.55 mg/kg to 0.68 mg/kg. Meanwhile, a corresponding increase in carbonate-bonded Cr（III）, Fe and Mn oxides-bonded Cr（III） and organic matter-bonded Cr（III） are found. It reveals that indigenous bacteria can leach out water soluble Cr（VI）, exchangeable Cr（VI） and carbonates-bonded Cr（VI） from contaminated soil followed by converting into carbonate-bonded Cr（III）, Fe and Mn oxides-bonded Cr（IlI）, organic matter-bonded Cr（III） and residual Cr（III）.展开更多
文摘以不同脱氧方式熔炼的海洋工程用钢为研究对象,利用SEM、EDS及Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件对钢中夹杂物形貌、组成及尺寸分布等进行表征,通过3.5%NaCl溶液中阳极极化及腐蚀实验对钢中夹杂物诱发点蚀的行为进行探究。结果表明,与Al-Mg脱氧钢相比,Ti-Mg脱氧钢中形成了含有TiO_x的复合氧化物,夹杂数量更多且平均尺寸更小(小于1μm),有利于MnS的异质形核析出及弥散分布;低腐蚀活性的含TiOx复合氧化物及高度分散、异质局部析出MnS夹杂具有较低的点蚀敏感性及自腐蚀催化作用,降低了点蚀的诱发及扩展,有效提高了钢的抗点蚀性能。
基金Project(50925417) supported by the National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientist,ChinaProject(50830301) supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(51074191) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A batch experiment was conducted to investigate the adsorption of trivalent chromium （Cr（Ⅲ）） from aqueous solutions by sugarcane pulp residue （SPR） and biochar. The results show that Cr（Ⅲ） adsorption by SPR and biochar is highly pH-dependent and Cr（Ⅲ） adsorption amount increases with the increase of pH. The adsorption kinetics of Cr（Ⅲ） fits well with the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum Cr（Ⅲ） adsorption capacities of 15.85 mg/g and 3.43 mg/g for biochar and SPR were calculated by Langmuir model. This indicates that biochar has a larger ability for Cr（Ⅲ） adsorption than SPR. The free energy change value （AG） reveals a spontaneous sorption process of Cr（Ⅲ） onto SPR and non-spontaneous sorption process onto biochar. The entropy change （AS） and enthalpy change （AH） are found to be 66.27 J/（mol＇K） and 17.13 kJ/mol for SPR and 91.59 J/（mol-K） and 30.875 kJ/mol for biochar which further reflect an affinity of Cr（Ⅲ） onto SPR and biochar. It is suggested that biochar has potential to be an efficient adsorbent in the removal of Cr（Ⅲ） from industrial wastewater.
基金Project(50925417) supported by the National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientist, ChinaProject(50830301) supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(51074191) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Bench-scale soil column experiments were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of Cr（VI） bioremediation process in soils by using indigenous bacteria with the addition of bacteria nutrient media. Effects of particle size, spray intensity, initial Cr（VI） concentration, circulation mode and soil depth on Cr（VI） remediation were studied. Results show that soils after 6 d remediation with spray intensity controlled in the range of 29.6-59.2 mL/min could well fulfill the requirement of concrete aggregate and roadbed material usage, for the leaching toxicity concentration of the Cr（VI） in treated soils under the chosen condition is far less than 5 mg/L The leaching toxicity and fractions of both hexavalent chromium and trivalent chromium from remediated soils were determined and compared with that of untreated soil. The results show that water soluble Cr（VI） declines from 1520.54 mg/kg to 0.68 mg/kg, exchangeable Cr（VI） decreases from 34.83 mg/kg to 0.01 mg/kg and carbonates-bonded Cr（V1） falls from 13.55 mg/kg to 0.68 mg/kg. Meanwhile, a corresponding increase in carbonate-bonded Cr（III）, Fe and Mn oxides-bonded Cr（III） and organic matter-bonded Cr（III） are found. It reveals that indigenous bacteria can leach out water soluble Cr（VI）, exchangeable Cr（VI） and carbonates-bonded Cr（VI） from contaminated soil followed by converting into carbonate-bonded Cr（III）, Fe and Mn oxides-bonded Cr（IlI）, organic matter-bonded Cr（III） and residual Cr（III）.
