An all-thin-tilm （ATF） electrochromic device for modulating the optical transmittance is manufactured using magnetron sputtering. The devices consists of MoO3 as the main electrochromic layer, LiBO2 ＋Li2SO4 （LiBSO...An all-thin-tilm （ATF） electrochromic device for modulating the optical transmittance is manufactured using magnetron sputtering. The devices consists of MoO3 as the main electrochromic layer, LiBO2 ＋Li2SO4 （LiBSO） as the ion conductor layer, and NiOx as the complementary electrochromic layer. Glass covered with indium tin oxide （ITO） is used as the substrate and the ITO film is used as the bottom electrode. The ITO film deposited on the top of the devices is used as the other electrode. The structure and morphology of the films are characterized by x-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The devices exhibit good optical properties with low transmittance values in the coloured state, and the optical modulation is measured by spectrophotometer in the wavelength range from 400 to 800nm. The average visible light transmittance reaches 50.2% and 3.7% in bleached and coloured state, respectively. The results indicate that such a monolithic system has great potential to be applied in smart windows.展开更多
The P^(+)a-SiC:H/N^(+)poly-Si solar cell is simulated by an AMPS-1D device simulator to characterize the new thin film polycrystalline-silicon solar cell.In order to analyze the characteristics of the device,the thick...The P^(+)a-SiC:H/N^(+)poly-Si solar cell is simulated by an AMPS-1D device simulator to characterize the new thin film polycrystalline-silicon solar cell.In order to analyze the characteristics of the device,the thickness,working temperature,and impurity concentration for the N^(+)polysilicon layer are considered.The results show that the performance of the cells shows little change when the thickness of N^(+)polysilicon varies from 10 to 30μm.It is concluded that the P^(+)a-SiC:H/N^(+)poly-Si solar cell has the highest performance with high open circuit voltages(V_(oc))of 1.31 V,high conversion efficiency of 17.363%and high fill factor of 0.884.Therefore,the P^(+)a-SiC:H/N^(+)poly-Si solar cell has promising future applications.展开更多
The dependence of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy （PMA） on the barrier layer MgO thickness in MgO/CoFeB /Ta multilayers is investigated. The results show that the strongest PMA occurs in a small window of about 2 ...The dependence of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy （PMA） on the barrier layer MgO thickness in MgO/CoFeB /Ta multilayers is investigated. The results show that the strongest PMA occurs in a small window of about 2 4nm with the increase of MgO thickness from 1-1Onto. The crystalline degree of MgO and the change of interatomic distance along the out-of-plane direction may be the main reasons for the change of PMA in these multilayers. Moreover, the roughnesses of 2- and 4-nm-thick MgO samples are 3.163 and 1.8 nm, respectively, and both the samples show PMA. These results could be used to tune the magnetic characteristic of the ultra thin CoFeB film for future applications in perpendicular magnetic devices.展开更多
Nuclear fusion energy for electricity generation is drawing significant attention, due to the fact that it is a clean, safe, and environmentally friendly energy source. The plasma facing material （PFM） is one of the...Nuclear fusion energy for electricity generation is drawing significant attention, due to the fact that it is a clean, safe, and environmentally friendly energy source. The plasma facing material （PFM） is one of the key factors that determine the development of fu- sion reactors. The fusion energy system requires ex- cellent performance of PFMs under high heat flux de- position and particles irradiation. PFMs not only are exposed to unprecedented steady-state and tran- sient power fluxes, but also are bombarded with un- precedented neutron fluxes. In nuclear fusion reactors, the PFM suffers from high-energy （14MeV） neutron irradiation and a high heat flux of ～10MW/m2. A variety of point defects （e.g., interstitials, vacan- cies, helium, and hydrogen gas atoms） are produced in the process of irradiation through atomic displace- ment and nuclear transformation. These point defects form defect clusters （e.g., voids and interstitial loops） and thus change the mechanical properties and mi- crostructure of the material even to the extent that their structural integrity is compromised.展开更多
Pure tungsten(W) and chromium doped W(W-5%Cr) are prepared by powder metallurgy. The microstructure,blistering and helium retention are investigated by x-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission elect...Pure tungsten(W) and chromium doped W(W-5%Cr) are prepared by powder metallurgy. The microstructure,blistering and helium retention are investigated by x-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and thermal desorption spectroscopy(TDS). These results show that the average size and density of helium blisters on the surface of pure W are much larger than those on the W-5%Cr alloy. Vacancyimpurity pairs can reduce the migration coefficients of vacancy and vacancy-helium complexes, and Cr may play a role of such an impurity. Moreover, the TDS result shows that the highest desorption peak moves to higher temperature, which is attributed to the HemCrkVncomplexes in the W-Cr alloy. In addition,the helium retention is found to be higher in W than in W-5%Cr.展开更多
Nonlinear optical absorption of glassy thin films containing InSb nanocrystals was measured by Z-scan technique using Gaussian beam of He-Ne laser(632.8 nm).Both two-photon and saturation absorptions were observed in ...Nonlinear optical absorption of glassy thin films containing InSb nanocrystals was measured by Z-scan technique using Gaussian beam of He-Ne laser(632.8 nm).Both two-photon and saturation absorptions were observed in the composite thin films containing InSb nanocrystals with different average sizes.An enhanced nonlinear optical coefficient was achieved.展开更多
Based on corrected rate equations,the kinetics is revealed for initial growth of thin films with low nucleus density and linear lateral growth rate on a substrate surface.In this case,the mobility and coalescence term...Based on corrected rate equations,the kinetics is revealed for initial growth of thin films with low nucleus density and linear lateral growth rate on a substrate surface.In this case,the mobility and coalescence terms in rate equations are neglected,and the coverage term takes a dominant role.All the calculated results are in agreement with experimental data.These results introduce a new scaling in the case of dominant coverage,which is different from the those in the case of coalescence or mobility in a dominant role.展开更多
Semiconductor InSb microcrystallites were embedded in SiO_(2) thin films by rf cosputtering technique.Structures of the thin films were characterized by transmission electron microscopy,x-ray diffraction,and x-ray pho...Semiconductor InSb microcrystallites were embedded in SiO_(2) thin films by rf cosputtering technique.Structures of the thin films were characterized by transmission electron microscopy,x-ray diffraction,and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Average size of the microcrystallites,depending on post-annealing temperature and time,is on the order of magnitude of nanometer.Absorption spectra of the films were measured and large blue shifts of absorption edge were observed in a wide range from 300 to 1500nm.The blue shifts were attributed to the quantum confinement effect and explained in the model of effective-mass approximation.展开更多
A detailed study of the magnetic characterizations of the top structure MgO/CoFeB/Mo is presented.The samples show strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy（PMA） when the thickness of CoFeB is 0.9 nm and 1.1 nm.The s...A detailed study of the magnetic characterizations of the top structure MgO/CoFeB/Mo is presented.The samples show strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy（PMA） when the thickness of CoFeB is 0.9 nm and 1.1 nm.The saturation magnetic moment and interface anisotropy constant are 1566 emu/cm3 and 3.75 erg/cm2,respectively.The magnetic dead layer（MDL） is about 0.23 nm in this system.Furthermore,strong capping layer thickness dependence is also observed.The strong PMA of 1.1 nm CoFeB only exists in a Mo cap layer thickness window of 1.2-2 nm.To maintain PMA,the metal layer could not be too thin or thick in these multilayers.The oxidation and diffusion of the metal capping layer should be respectively responsibility for the degradation of PMA in these thin or thick metal capping layer samples.展开更多
Tungsten has been chosen as one of the most promising candidates as the plasma-facing material in future fusion reactors. Although tungsten has numerous advantages compared with other materials, issues including dust ...Tungsten has been chosen as one of the most promising candidates as the plasma-facing material in future fusion reactors. Although tungsten has numerous advantages compared with other materials, issues including dust are rather difficult to deal with. Dust is produced in fusion devices by energetic plasma-surface interaction. The re-deposition of dust particles could cause the retention of fuel atoms. In this work, tungsten is deposited with deuterium plasma by hollow cathode discharge to simulate the dust production in a tokamak. The morphology of the deposited tungsten can be described as a film with spherical particles on it. Thermal desorption spectra of the deposited tungsten show extremely high desorption of the peak positions. It is also found that there is a maximum retention of deuterium in the deposited tungsten samples due to the dynamic equilibrium of the deposition and sputtering process on the substrates.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 50772008, the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University （NCET-05-0197）, and Foundation of The State Key Laboratory of Shanghai Institute of Ceramics （SKL200603SIC）.
文摘An all-thin-tilm （ATF） electrochromic device for modulating the optical transmittance is manufactured using magnetron sputtering. The devices consists of MoO3 as the main electrochromic layer, LiBO2 ＋Li2SO4 （LiBSO） as the ion conductor layer, and NiOx as the complementary electrochromic layer. Glass covered with indium tin oxide （ITO） is used as the substrate and the ITO film is used as the bottom electrode. The ITO film deposited on the top of the devices is used as the other electrode. The structure and morphology of the films are characterized by x-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The devices exhibit good optical properties with low transmittance values in the coloured state, and the optical modulation is measured by spectrophotometer in the wavelength range from 400 to 800nm. The average visible light transmittance reaches 50.2% and 3.7% in bleached and coloured state, respectively. The results indicate that such a monolithic system has great potential to be applied in smart windows.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 61072028the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province under Grant No A0220001.
文摘The P^(+)a-SiC:H/N^(+)poly-Si solar cell is simulated by an AMPS-1D device simulator to characterize the new thin film polycrystalline-silicon solar cell.In order to analyze the characteristics of the device,the thickness,working temperature,and impurity concentration for the N^(+)polysilicon layer are considered.The results show that the performance of the cells shows little change when the thickness of N^(+)polysilicon varies from 10 to 30μm.It is concluded that the P^(+)a-SiC:H/N^(+)poly-Si solar cell has the highest performance with high open circuit voltages(V_(oc))of 1.31 V,high conversion efficiency of 17.363%and high fill factor of 0.884.Therefore,the P^(+)a-SiC:H/N^(+)poly-Si solar cell has promising future applications.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2011CB921804the Beijing Key Subject Foundation of Condensed Matter Physics under Grant No 0114023
文摘The dependence of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy （PMA） on the barrier layer MgO thickness in MgO/CoFeB /Ta multilayers is investigated. The results show that the strongest PMA occurs in a small window of about 2 4nm with the increase of MgO thickness from 1-1Onto. The crystalline degree of MgO and the change of interatomic distance along the out-of-plane direction may be the main reasons for the change of PMA in these multilayers. Moreover, the roughnesses of 2- and 4-nm-thick MgO samples are 3.163 and 1.8 nm, respectively, and both the samples show PMA. These results could be used to tune the magnetic characteristic of the ultra thin CoFeB film for future applications in perpendicular magnetic devices.
基金Supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Program of China under Grant Nos 2011GB108008 and 2013CB109003, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 51171006.
文摘Nuclear fusion energy for electricity generation is drawing significant attention, due to the fact that it is a clean, safe, and environmentally friendly energy source. The plasma facing material （PFM） is one of the key factors that determine the development of fu- sion reactors. The fusion energy system requires ex- cellent performance of PFMs under high heat flux de- position and particles irradiation. PFMs not only are exposed to unprecedented steady-state and tran- sient power fluxes, but also are bombarded with un- precedented neutron fluxes. In nuclear fusion reactors, the PFM suffers from high-energy （14MeV） neutron irradiation and a high heat flux of ～10MW/m2. A variety of point defects （e.g., interstitials, vacan- cies, helium, and hydrogen gas atoms） are produced in the process of irradiation through atomic displace- ment and nuclear transformation. These point defects form defect clusters （e.g., voids and interstitial loops） and thus change the mechanical properties and mi- crostructure of the material even to the extent that their structural integrity is compromised.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 51471015 and 11675010the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Program under Grant No 2015GB109003
文摘Pure tungsten(W) and chromium doped W(W-5%Cr) are prepared by powder metallurgy. The microstructure,blistering and helium retention are investigated by x-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and thermal desorption spectroscopy(TDS). These results show that the average size and density of helium blisters on the surface of pure W are much larger than those on the W-5%Cr alloy. Vacancyimpurity pairs can reduce the migration coefficients of vacancy and vacancy-helium complexes, and Cr may play a role of such an impurity. Moreover, the TDS result shows that the highest desorption peak moves to higher temperature, which is attributed to the HemCrkVncomplexes in the W-Cr alloy. In addition,the helium retention is found to be higher in W than in W-5%Cr.
文摘Nonlinear optical absorption of glassy thin films containing InSb nanocrystals was measured by Z-scan technique using Gaussian beam of He-Ne laser(632.8 nm).Both two-photon and saturation absorptions were observed in the composite thin films containing InSb nanocrystals with different average sizes.An enhanced nonlinear optical coefficient was achieved.
基金Supported by the National Advanced Material Commit tee of China under Grant No.863-715-002-003the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.69890221。
文摘Based on corrected rate equations,the kinetics is revealed for initial growth of thin films with low nucleus density and linear lateral growth rate on a substrate surface.In this case,the mobility and coalescence terms in rate equations are neglected,and the coverage term takes a dominant role.All the calculated results are in agreement with experimental data.These results introduce a new scaling in the case of dominant coverage,which is different from the those in the case of coalescence or mobility in a dominant role.
文摘Semiconductor InSb microcrystallites were embedded in SiO_(2) thin films by rf cosputtering technique.Structures of the thin films were characterized by transmission electron microscopy,x-ray diffraction,and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Average size of the microcrystallites,depending on post-annealing temperature and time,is on the order of magnitude of nanometer.Absorption spectra of the films were measured and large blue shifts of absorption edge were observed in a wide range from 300 to 1500nm.The blue shifts were attributed to the quantum confinement effect and explained in the model of effective-mass approximation.
基金Project supported by the National Fundamental Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB921804)Beijing Key Subject Foundation of Condensed Matter Physics,China(Grant No.0114023)
文摘A detailed study of the magnetic characterizations of the top structure MgO/CoFeB/Mo is presented.The samples show strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy（PMA） when the thickness of CoFeB is 0.9 nm and 1.1 nm.The saturation magnetic moment and interface anisotropy constant are 1566 emu/cm3 and 3.75 erg/cm2,respectively.The magnetic dead layer（MDL） is about 0.23 nm in this system.Furthermore,strong capping layer thickness dependence is also observed.The strong PMA of 1.1 nm CoFeB only exists in a Mo cap layer thickness window of 1.2-2 nm.To maintain PMA,the metal layer could not be too thin or thick in these multilayers.The oxidation and diffusion of the metal capping layer should be respectively responsibility for the degradation of PMA in these thin or thick metal capping layer samples.
基金Supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Program under Grant No 2015GB109003the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11675010
文摘Tungsten has been chosen as one of the most promising candidates as the plasma-facing material in future fusion reactors. Although tungsten has numerous advantages compared with other materials, issues including dust are rather difficult to deal with. Dust is produced in fusion devices by energetic plasma-surface interaction. The re-deposition of dust particles could cause the retention of fuel atoms. In this work, tungsten is deposited with deuterium plasma by hollow cathode discharge to simulate the dust production in a tokamak. The morphology of the deposited tungsten can be described as a film with spherical particles on it. Thermal desorption spectra of the deposited tungsten show extremely high desorption of the peak positions. It is also found that there is a maximum retention of deuterium in the deposited tungsten samples due to the dynamic equilibrium of the deposition and sputtering process on the substrates.
