摘要
The appearing of microbial lineages carrying multiple dangerous loci are results from the extensive use of antibiotics and has brought a huge increase in the infections-derived morbidity and mortality, which is critical in the hospital setting. Etiologic agents of these non easily tractable infections include bacteria, such as the genus Staphylococcus, but also fungi and virus. Alterations in the immune system allow these organisms to invade and affect the functionality of any tissue, organ or system of the human being. Pulmonary infection occurs as result of deficient lung systemic defence mechanisms which could be altered by medical treatments or by environmental factors. The infective agents commonly gain access to the lung by air, but also by blood or lymphatic system. Staphylococcus aureus strains that share antibiotic resistance and virulence factors represent the aetiological agent responsible of many cases of bacterial pneumonia, thoracic surgery postoperative infections, and diverse tissue infections, resulting in significant disease and morbidity in recipient patients after lung transplantation. The control and treatment of Staphylococcus infections, especially methicillin resistant strains, need for developing reliable and rapid methods of detection and characterization of these microorganisms. Nowadays, new insights into the diagnostic and epidemiology of MRSA and other pathogenic staphylococci have been developed employing molecular methods. This has meant an important advance in the diagnostic and treatment plans of such infective bacteria.
The appearing of microbial lineages carrying multiple dangerous loci are results from the extensive use of antibiotics and has brought a huge increase in the infections-derived morbidity and mortality, which is critical in the hospital setting. Etiologic agents of these non easily tractable infections include bacteria, such as the genus Staphylococcus, but also fungi and virus. Alterations in the immune system allow these organisms to invade and affect the functionality of any tissue, organ or system of the human being. Pulmonary infection occurs as result of deficient lung systemic defence mechanisms which could be altered by medical treatments or by environmental factors. The infective agents commonly gain access to the lung by air, but also by blood or lymphatic system. Staphylococcus aureus strains that share antibiotic resistance and virulence factors represent the aetiological agent responsible of many cases of bacterial pneumonia, thoracic surgery postoperative infections, and diverse tissue infections, resulting in significant disease and morbidity in recipient patients after lung transplantation. The control and treatment of Staphylococcus infections, especially methicillin resistant strains, need for developing reliable and rapid methods of detection and characterization of these microorganisms. Nowadays, new insights into the diagnostic and epidemiology of MRSA and other pathogenic staphylococci have been developed employing molecular methods. This has meant an important advance in the diagnostic and treatment plans of such infective bacteria.
