摘要
青海湖流域作为青藏高原最重要的生态系统之一,不仅控制和调节着湖区流域的生态环境,而且是西部干旱区、东部季风区、青藏高原区三大区域的交汇地带,研究青海湖流域水文水资源演变分析对区域生态安全与经济发展有重要意义。利用气象观测数据结合实测水文数据对青海湖流域水资源量演变规律分析,得到的主要结论如下:(1) 流域受气候变化影响非常显著,流域整体呈显著升温趋势,增温率0.38℃/10a,60年来升温约2.28℃。(2) 流域降雨主要集中在6~9月占全年降水量的77.4%,最大月降水为7月,年占比23.1%,形成干湿季分明的单峰式特点。(3) 流域径流年内分配不均匀,连续最大四个月径流量出现在6~9月,其径流量占全年径流量的76.3~81.0%。2010年以后水资源量显著增加,流域在整个时间序列呈现丰–枯–丰的变化。1956~2020年期间,青海湖水位总体呈先降后升的趋势。(4) 1956~2004年水位总体呈下降趋势,2005~2020年水位持续上升,变化趋势和流域气温、降水量、入湖水量的变化趋势相符合。As one of the most important ecosystems in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Qinghai Lake Basin not only controls and regulates the ecological environment of the lake basin, but also is the intersection of the three major regions of the western arid region, the eastern monsoon region, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Study on the evolution of hydrology and water resources in the Qinghai Lake Basin is of great significance to regional ecological security and economic development. Using meteorological observation data combined with measured hydrological data to analyze the evolution law of water resources in Qinghai Lake Basin, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) The basin is significantly affected by climate change. The basin as a whole shows a significant warming trend, with a warming rate of 0.38 ˚C/10 a, and a warming of about 2.28˚C in the past 60 years. (2) The precipitation in the basin is mainly concentrated in June-September, accounting for 77.4% of the annual precipitation. The maximum monthly precipitation is in July, accounting for 23.1% of the year, forming a single-peak feature with distinct dry and wet seasons. (3) The annual distribution of runoff in the basin is uneven. The maximum runoff for four consecutive months appears from June to September, and its runoff accounts for 76.3%~81.0% of the annual runoff. After 2010, the amount of water resources increased significantly, and the basin showed a change of wet-dry-wet in the whole time series. During the period from 1956 to 2020, the water level of Qinghai Lake generally showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. (4) From 1956 to 2004, the water level generally showed a downward trend, and the water level continued to rise from 2005 to 2020. The change trend was consistent with the change trend of temperature, precipitation and water inflow into the lake.
出处
《环境保护前沿》
2025年第5期879-891,共13页
Advances in Environmental Protection
基金
1. 青海省科技计划项目(2022-SF-143)
2. 河南省科技攻关项目(252102320238)。
