摘要
目的 了解目前北京城区孕妇血铅水平、脐带血铅水平及产妇乳汁铅水平 ,探讨三者之间的关系 ,并分析孕妇铅暴露的影响因素。 方法 将孕妇按不同孕周分为早孕、中孕和晚孕三组 ,收集孕妇静脉血 ,于胎儿娩出时收集脐带血 ,于产后 3d收集产妇乳汁。所有样本采用石墨炉原子吸收法进行铅含量的测定。采用自行编制的问卷对调查对象进行有关环境、生活方式、膳食情况的调查以分析孕妇铅暴露的影响因素。 结果 共收集孕产妇静脉血 115 1例 ,孕期血铅中位数为 4 3.4 0μg/L。孕期血铅呈动态变化 ,孕中期最低为 37.4 0 μg/L ,孕早、晚期较高 ,分别为 4 4 .5 0 μg/L和4 5 .10μg/L ,差异有显著性 ,P <0 .0 0 1。文化程度、家用燃料、乳制品摄入量这三个因素对血铅的影响具有统计学意义。收集脐带血 4 34例 ,铅中位数为 2 6 .4 0 μg/L ,与母体血铅呈正相关 ,r =0 .36 5 ,P <0 .0 0 1。收集乳汁 2 76例 ,铅水平 4 .4 8μg/L ,与母血铅无明显相关性。 结论 目前北京城区孕妇血铅水平处于可接受范围。铅易于通过胎盘进入胎儿体内 ,但产妇早期乳汁中铅含量很低。另外 ,加强健康教育 ,大力治理环境 ,适当增加饮食中乳制品比例 ,采用天然气为家用燃料 ,是减少铅暴露的有效措施。
Objective To measure the blood Pb level of mother, umbilical cord and milk , then to find out the relations among them. The factors that can affect the Pb level were analyzed. Methods The pregnant women were divided into three groups as first、second and third trimester by their different gestational age. Maternal blood、umbilical cord blood and milk of within 3 days postpartum were collected. Graphite stove atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to detect the Pb concentration. In addition, pregnant women were required to fill the questionaire including their living environments, life styles and diet habits. Results (1)One thousand one hundred and fifty five samples of maternal blood were measured. The mean Pb concentration of maternal blood is 43.40μg/L. Among the different pregnant periods, the blood Pb level is changed The lowest point appears in second trimester (37.40 μg/L)and it is relatively higher in the first(44.50 μg/L)and third trimester(45.10 μg/L), P <0.001. (2) From the questionaire we can conclude that the educational degree, home fuel and intake of dairy products are risk factors for the blood Pb level. (3) Four hundred and thirty four samples of umbilical cord blood and 276 samples of milk were measured, the mean Pb concentration is 26.40 μg/L and 4.48 μg/L respectively. (4)The Pb level of maternal blood has positive correlation with that of cord blood ( r =0.365), but it has no correlation with that of mother's milk. Conclusion At present, the situation of maternal blood Pb level is acceptable. Pb can transfer through placenta easily, but it is excreted difficultly into early milk. In addition, it's effective to lower the blood Pb level by strengthening health education, controlling environment forcefully ,using natural gas as home fuel and increasing the intake of milk properly.
出处
《中华围产医学杂志》
CAS
2004年第1期18-21,共4页
Chinese Journal of Perinatal Medicine
