摘要
对濒危物种的科学内涵、濒危机制和物种保护方法进行综述。具体阐述了种群生存力分析 (PVA)技术和复合种群理论(Meta- population)在濒危物种保护中的应用 ;总结了分子生物学方法在濒危物种保护中的作用 ;探讨了“3S”技术在濒危物种保护中的应用前景。分析和评价了各种保护方法的实用性和局限性 ,提出了各种保护方法在濒危物种保护中的应用前景和发展趋势。总之 ,物种保护方法的不断发展开创了保护生物学研究的新篇章 ,怎样运用交叉学科理论和综合应用各种保护方法探讨物种濒危机制、制定濒危物种有效管理和保护措施 ,是需要进一步解决的科学问题。
It is a great challenge for human beings to protect endangered species. The concepts, endangering mechanism and conservation methods of endangered species have been reviewed in this paper, which includes: application of population viability analysis and meta-population theory on species conservation; contribution of molecular biology technology to protect endangered species; perspectives on Remote Sensing, Geographical Information System and Global Position System in safeguarding endangered species. In addition, the effectiveness and possibility of conservation technology, as well as their limitations and future development have been discussed.Population viability analysis(PVA) provides a quantitative method for predicting the probability of extinction and prioritizing conservation needs. PVA takes into account the combined impacts of stochastic factors (demographic, environmental and genetic stochasticity) and deterministic factors (habitat loss, over exploitation). Its goal is to establish a minimum viable population (MVP), predict population dynamics, make conservation management program and evaluate its strategies. However, it is difficult to measure small-population parameters which need to be used in PVA models. So, measuring population parameters and environment information is an imperative task of ecologists, identifying variables which affect the predictive power of PVA is extremely important, developing more spatially models and normative PVA datum is also an urgent task of biologists and modeler. Furthermore, PVAs should develop models which include multi-species and various factors, and search objective species which belong to different taxa or geographical distribution among the same taxa in order to simulate endangered species parameters. The meta-population theory is a useful tool for endangered species conservation and the theory mainly focuses on the dynamic of individual migration among local and regional populations and conditions of species persistence. The meta-population spatially model which contains patch quality and spatial information has great potential to predict population dynamic, select available numbers of nature reserves, gain optimal natural enemies for controlling pest. The theory of meta-population predicting models, however, have some limitations, therefore, it is suggested that further research should be to perfect meta-population theory, establish spatially structured meta-population predicting models, discuss genetics and evolutional process of meta-population. Molecular biology technology overcomes the disadvantages of long-duration field studies and difficulties in the control of experimental conditions in traditional ecology research. Molecular markers are essential tools to analyze population bottleneck effects, confirm evolutionarily significant units (ESU) for deciding the priority of species conservation,study phylogeograpic patterns, anticipate meta-population dynamics and judge the relationship of relatives. With the development of molecular biology, some problems of conservation biology will be resolved. However, molecular biological methods still need to be improved. The future development of molecular biology should emphasize studies based on multiple molecular marker systems and focus on improving molecular biology experimental stability. “3S”technology provides an advanced tool for biodiversity conservation in the world. But it is difficult to integrate RS, GIS and GPS into one whole system for species protection. The future research should develop a “3S” technology system combined with an expert system (ES), a decision making system (DMS) and an information management system (IMS) for monitoring biodiversity dynamics, predicting population dynamic and geographical distribution, searching for the causes of species loss and designing conservation program.In conclusion, more and more advanced methods of species conservation will be used for conservation biology study. In the future, we should emphasize the importance of multi-discipline theory and cross-technol
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第2期338-346,共9页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
"十五"国家攻关资助项目 (2 0 0 1BA5 10 B10 -0 3 )~~
关键词
濒危物种
种群生存力
复合种群
分子生物学
“3S”技术
endangered species
population viability analysis
meta-population
molecular biology
“3S”technology
