摘要
在中国新常态经济发展战略中,供给侧结构性改革成为主导模式。人力资源市场的供给侧结构性改革首当其冲。首先要全面深入调查研究社会、产业、家庭和政府等关键利益相关者对专业教育的真实需求。分析表明,这些需求不约而同地指向未来职场的人才需求,所以教育机构必须大力研究这种需求,然后根据自身条件和资源确定人才培养定位和培养目标,再设计实施课程体系和教学计划,落实教学大纲的逐项要求,并接受职场的评价和考核以提高教育质量和效率,满足关键利益相关者的需要。社会经济发展、民生的广大需求及专业教育本身的性质,决定了各个层次专业教育主要是培养'应用型'人才,因此政府政策和资源应当向'应用型'专业教育倾斜。专业教育改革的关键是彻底改变人力资源市场供给侧对职场需求的盲目、轻视甚至无视、主观想象现状,切实把未来职场人才需求作为专业教育的最重要语境(context)来精准研究、策划、设计、实施和运行,才能办好利益相关者满意的专业教育。国家应当建立跨部委的权威机构和国家资格框架,统领面向职场的专业教育,以建设强大的创新创业人力资源,满足社会经济发展和民生的需要。为方便说明问题,文中常以工程教育为例,但所得到的一般结论和原则也适用于其他专业教育。
The development strategy for China’s new normal state of economy is mainly led by supply-side structural reform.As a very significant factor for economy,professional human resource market should carry out such reform first.An essential task for the reform is to thoroughly investigate the real needs of society,industries,student/families and other key stakeholders for professional education with reliable statistics.Preliminary study has indicated that all the needs mainly converge to talents requirement in the job market.The supplier side education institutions should carefully study the real needs and prudently decide their own target on cultivating professional talents for the HR market according to their resources and conditions,then design academic programs,develop and implement the curricula in order to realize each items in the syllabus of programs.To reinforce quality and efficiency of pedagogical process,the institutions should work with society and industry partners for assessments and continuous improvement by a mechanism of close loop feedback systems.According to the objective needs on different types and layers of talents for entire HR market,priority of government policy and resource allocation should be given to applied-science-oriented professional education,comparing to purescience-oriented education.The paper suggests to set up a national qualification framework as standard for unified HR market in China,which should be connect to each layers of professional education,and all career-oriented professional education should be administrated under a cross-ministries authority in centurial government.The paper sometimes adopts engineering education as a concrete example of professional education,but the common rules and principles abstracted from the examples can also be applicable to other professional education.
出处
《中国高等教育评论》
2018年第1期75-99,共25页
China Higher Education Review
关键词
人力资源供给侧结构性改革
“应用型”专业教育
面向未来职场语境的专业教育
supply-side reform in HR market
common principles of applicationoriented professional education
cultivation of professional talents for future HR market
作者简介
查建中,联合国教科文组织产学合作教席主持人,北京交通大学教授。
