摘要
以贵州主要种植的玉米品种黔单16和大豆品种黔豆2号为材料,开展不同密度下玉米间作大豆控草效果及对产量的影响研究。研究结果表明:玉米种植密度在4.2万~5.55万株/hm^2按1∶1间作大豆对杂草的株抑制率为37.43%~50.30%,鲜质量抑制率47.79%~52.96%,在该密度范围内,抑制效果随着玉米种植密度的增加而增加。玉米单作下田间杂草冠层平均光合有效辐射(PAR)为330.07~698.13μmol/(m^2·s);间作模式田间杂草冠层平均光合有效辐射(PAR)为73.27~108.33μmol/(m^2·s);随着玉米种植密度的增加,各种植模式田间光合有效辐射(PAR)逐渐降低,间作模式光合有效辐射(PAR)普遍高于玉米单作模式,这可能是抑制田间杂草生长的主要原因。在产量上,玉米单作产量随种植密度增加而增加;玉米-大豆间作模式下玉米产量相对稳定,大豆产量随玉米密度增加而增加。在玉米种植高密度下玉米单作产量高于间作模式,但间作模式经济效益高于玉米单作种植模式,以玉米-大豆5.55万株/hm^2密度下田间作物产量经济效益最高。因此,作物合理间作和适当增加种植密度是控制杂草生长,提高作物产量的有效措施。
The inhibitory effect and influence on yield of intercropping maize ( Qiandan 16 ) at different densities with soybean ( Qiandou 2) were evaluated.Density of weeds was reduced by 37%to 50%and the fresh weight decreased by 48%to 53%by intercropping maize at a density of 2800 to 3700 individuals/667m2 with soybean with a ratio of 1 ∶1. The inhibitory effect to weeds was relatively uniform with maize planting density at 2800 to 3700 individuals/667 m2 .The mean photosynthetically available radiation ( PAR) of field weed canopy was 698 to 330 μmol/( m2 · s) under maize monoculture and 108 to 73μmol/( m2 · s) under maize intercropping with soybean,respectively.The PAR gradually de-clined with increasing maize densities,and the PAR under maize intercropping with soybean was generally higher than un-der maize monoculture.This may be the main mechanism by which weed growth is inhibited by intercropping.Planting density under maize monoculture was positively related to crop yield.Yield of intercropped maize was relatively stable and that of soybean increased with increments of maize density.At high maize planting density,the yield of monoculture maize was higher than that of intercropped maize but the economic benefit of the latter exceeded that of the monoculture .Higher crop yields and maximum economic benefits were obtained at 3 700 strains/667 m2 density of maize intercropped with soybean.Therefore, appropriate intercropping and in-creased planting density contributed to weed control as well as to improving the yield of crops.
出处
《杂草科学》
2015年第4期1-4,共4页
Weed Science
基金
贵州省科技计划(编号:黔科合NY字[2011]3010号)
关键词
玉米
大豆
间作
控草效果
经济效益
maize
soybean
intercropping
inhibitory effect
economic benefit
