摘要
国际海上货物运输赔偿责任规则是海商法中的核心内容,关涉各方权利与义务的分配,其中多个原因导致货损因涉及不同的归责原则、举证责任分配与顺序等内容,故此情形下赔偿责任规则的确立一直比较棘手。1934年虽然确立了"瓦里斯库拉原则",并通过《汉堡规则》提升至国际规范层面,但对其的建构一直没有停止。2009年《鹿特丹规则》确立了"严格区分责任原则",体现了新形势下船货双方利益的平衡和对公平价值目标的追求,并使法官获得更为充分的自由裁量权,使船货双方更加积极地举证。但通过分析可以发现,"严格区分责任原则"并未得到全面贯彻,暗含着一种对"瓦里斯库拉原则"的传承。这在未来几年可能会引发学界对首要义务及如何设定举证责任的分配和顺序等问题进行新一轮的争论与探讨。
Liability rule for cargo damage is essential to maritime law as it deals with the allocation of rights and obligations of the parties concerned.It is always difficult to establish the liability rule for cargo damage caused by mixed reasons because this involves different rules for imputation and allocation of burden of proof.Although Vallescura Rule established in 1934 has been promoted to the level of international rules by Hamburg Rules,its improvement has never been stopped.The Rotterdam Rules of 2009,by establishing the principle of strict liability distinction,represent the balance of the interests between the carrier and the merchants,and show the pursuit of the value of fairness and justice.However,the principle of strict liability distinction is not fully implemented and implies a heritage of the Vallescura Rule.A new round of arguments is very likely to arise on the paramount obligation and the allocation of burden of proof.
出处
《武大国际法评论》
CSSCI
2011年第2期304-318,共15页
Wuhan University International Law Review
