摘要
和陶是一种很特殊的、值得注意的现象 ,其意义已经超出文学本身。这种现象不仅证明陶渊明的影响巨大 ,而且表明后代的文人对他有强烈的认同感。和陶并不是一种很能表现创作才能的文学活动 ,其价值主要不在于作品本身的文学成就 ,而在于这种文学活动的文化意蕴。在研究了大量的和陶诗之后 ,本文所要强调的是 :陶渊明已经成为中国文化中的一个符号。和陶在不同程度上表明了对清高人格的向往 ,对节操的坚守 ,以及保持人之自然性情和真率生活的愿望。真实的陶渊明也许并不很单一 ,我们不能排除后人对他的认识有理想化的成分 ,而这正是符号的特点。至于和陶的人 ,多数未能达到陶渊明那样的人生境界 ,有的只不过是借以自我标榜而已。陶渊明不断地被追和 ,说明这个符号在中国文化中不断地重复、强化。研究和陶诗可以为我们提供一个研究中国文化的切入口。
Poems written in response to works of Tao Yuanming (365-427 AD) have been a special and noteworthy phenomenon in China, whose implications go far beyond the domain of literature. It is a proof not only of Tao's far-reaching influence but also of the wide recognition of the Jin dynasty poet by the later generations. Since such poems do not fully display the poets' creativity and originality, their values lie more in their cultural implications. With a careful study of a rich pool of examples, I would like to state that Tao Yuanming has become a cultural symbol in China. To write poems in response to his works expresses the admiration of aloofness, the persistence of moral principles and the will to live a natural and honest life. The actual Tao may not have been as simple as that. Admittedly, he may have been sanctified by his followers. But that is just what symbols are about. Fewer poets writing in response to Tao were able to live as he had. Some of them wrote these poems only as a way of self-flaunting. As later poets keep writing in response to Tao, his position as a cultural symbol in China was repeatedly reinforced. Therefore, studying these works may provide us with clues for explore Chinese culture.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2003年第6期149-161,共13页
Social Sciences in China
