摘要
运用 3S技术在分析合肥景观特点的基础上 ,研究了合肥市区 17.6km2 范围内的城市森林景观特点及与其它景观单元间关系 .结果表明 ,主要景观要素分为建筑与硬质铺装表面、城市森林斑块、一般绿地、道路、水面五大类 .景观背景为建筑及铺装表面 ,占总面积的 73.13% ;道路为典型的廊道景观 ,占 6 .89% ;研究区城市森林斑块共计 4 0 8块 ,计 16 1.16hm2 ,占总面积的 9.8% ,平均面积 0 .396hm2 、最大面积12hm2 ,斑块形状复杂、近圆度小 ,其中 4 8%的班块属于面积 <5 0 0m2 的小班块 ,>1hm2 的城市森林班块只占 8.6 % ;水面斑块 14 7块 ,计 14 9.93hm2 ,占总面积的 8.5 4 % ,平均面积 1.0 2hm2 ,最大面积 16hm2 ;一般绿地斑块 2 5 5块 ,计 39.74hm2 ,占 2 .2 6 % ,最大面积 3.86hm2 ,平均面积 0 .15 5 8hm2 .Shannon Weiner景观多样性指数和均匀度均偏低 ,分别为 0 .92 84和 0 .5 76 8.另外 ,城市森林与一般绿地两类景观要素的总优势度达 0 .39.由于这两类景观斑块的尺度变化范围大 ,比较破碎 ,小尺度的斑块所占比例高 ,又主要集中在西区 ,分布不均匀 ,故对环境的影响作用受到限制 .文中引用自然森林的内部生境概念 ,确定合肥城市森林斑块出现内部环境的临界面积为 980 0m2 ,研究区拥有城市森林的内部生境总?
Based on the theory and methodology of landscape ecology,the landscape pattern of the study area (17.6 km 2) in the downtown of Hefei was analyzed by using the techniques of RS,GPS and GIS. The object was to provide a comprehensive method to study urban forest structure and its function in environmental improvement. The results showed that there were 5 major landscape elements,i.e.,building and hard pavement surface,water,road,urban forest,and general green land in the area. The landscape matrix was building and pavement surface,occupied 73.13% of total land. Road was the typical corridor element in the city and occupied 6.89%. Green land occupied 11.44%,in which,urban forest patch occupied 9.18%. There were 408 urban forest patches,with an area of 161.16 hm 2. The average area of the patch was 0.396 hm 2,and the maximum area was 12 hm 2. 48% of urban forest patch was identified as small scale patches with <500 m 2 of area,and only 8.6% of them was larger than 1 hm 2. The number of general green land patch was 255,with an area of 39.74 hm 2,which accounted for 2.26% of land area,and its average and maximum area was 0.1558 hm 2 and 3.86 hm 2,respectively. There were 147 water patches, with an area of 149.93 hm 2,and occupied 8.54% of land,and the average and maximum area of the patch was 1.02 hm 2 and 16 hm 2,respectively. In the study area,both of the Shannon Weiner landscape diversity index and evenness were low,only 0.928 and 0.576,respectively. In addition,the dominance of urban forest patch and general green land was 0.39,showing that the two landscape elements had a certain influence on the environment of the study area. The concept of interior habitat for forest was introduced in this paper,which was employed to make a scale class system of urban forest patch. The threshold area with interior habitat for urban forest patch was 9800m 2,and there was 31.69hm 2 of interior habitat of urban forest in total,which occupied 19.7% of the total area of urban forest patch. This situation was not favorable for providing more habitats to support species diversity. It's suggested that the concept of interior habitat could be employed to identify urban forest patch,and a scale system of small scale patch of urban forest middle patch large patch extra large patch was build in the paper. Based on this system,the ratio of different scales of urban forest patch in the study area should be 2∶2∶2∶3. The authors also suggested that larger pieces (1.5～3.0 hm 2) of urban forest patch should be built,and more urban forests should be established in the northeastern part of the city in the future.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
2003年第12期2117-2122,共6页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家"十五"科技攻关资助项目 (2 0 0 2BA5 16 0 8)
关键词
城市森林
景观要素
尺度
内部生境
景观格局
Urban forest,Landscape element, Scale, Interior habitat, Landscape pattern
