摘要
复都制,又称陪都制,指一个国家设置复数都城的制度,与单都制相对。复都制始于周代,诸都城地位平等,无核心都城和陪都的区别。到唐代,唐玄宗称洛阳为陪京,表示洛阳只是辅助长安的陪都,将核心都城和副都顺序化,形成了陪都制,北宋时陪都制固定下来。核心都城和陪都的序列化,反映了世界秩序的根源从天转向理。复都制在4—10世纪以北宋为界,从以长安、洛阳为代表的东西复都制转变为以北京、南京为代表的南北复都制。这是由游牧地区和农业地区政治权力形态来决定的。随着复都制类型转变,复都间的交通干线网络从西部内地转向东部沿海,从东西向转变为南北向。陪都制的转变体现了唐宋变革论下农牧复合型国家解体以及向近代国家的转变,这是欧亚大陆共通的历史现象。
The Plural-Capital System, also called the multi-capital system, referring to the institution of establishing multiple capitals, which is opposite to the single-capital system.The multi-capital system started from the Zhou Dynasty.At that time, all capitals were equal, without the difference between core capital and sub-capitals.In the Tang period, Emperor Xuanzong named Luoyang as an sub-capital which indicated that Luoyang was merely the alternative capital for supplementing Chang’an.Consequently the core capital and sub-capital were in order.This development became institutionalized, and it was solidified in the Northern Song Dynasty.The ordering of the core capital and sub-capitals reflects that the origin of the world order transformed from Heaven to the principle.The multi-capital system experienced a transition around the Northern Song in the fourth to tenth centuries, which means that the East-West multi-capital system represented by Chang’an and Luoyang transformed into the North-South multi-capital system centered on Beijing and Nanjing.This transformation is shaped by the political power forms in the nomadic region and sedentary region.With this type of change, the transportation network between the multi-capitals shifted from the western inland to the eastern coastal area, and from the east-west direction to the north-south direction.In light of the Tang-Song transition theory, this transformation also shows the collapse of the sedentary-nomadic hybrid nation and the rise of the modern nation.This might be a common historical phenomenon across the Eurasian continent.
关键词
复都制
核心都城
陪都
长安
洛阳
北京
南京
Plural-Capital Institution
Core Capital
Accompanying Capitals
Chang’an
Luoyang
Beijing
Nanjing
