摘要
欧盟反恐法在发展的15年间不断衍化。与美国不同,刑事司法合作是欧盟反恐法的主要特征。然而,随着恐怖威胁的升级,危机驱动的欧盟反恐法从重视惩罚逐渐向重视预防发展。从后'9·11'时期致力于推动成员国之间的刑事司法合作,发展到巴黎—布鲁塞尔恐怖袭击后以大规模监控为手段、以情报为基础,提前介入时间的预防性转向。当前的欧盟反恐法,呈现出鲜明的预先性。危机驱动的欧盟反恐模式,让欧盟在15年内建构了多层次、多维度的反恐法机制。但是,危机驱动无法解决欧盟反恐中的结构性难题:追求安全与保护人权,以及追求安全与维护主权之间的难解矛盾。为了更好地遏制恐怖主义,欧盟反恐需要从危机驱动模式转换到能力建构模式上。但是,考虑到欧盟当前的局势,欧盟反恐法的结构性难题恐怕短期内很难解决。
EU counter-terrorism law has been evolving in the last 15 years.Unlike the United States,criminal justice cooperation is the main feature of EU counter-terrorism law.However,as terrorist threats escalating,the emphasis of the crisis-driven EU counter-terrorism law has been evolved from punishment to preemption,from promoting criminal justice cooperation among member states in the post-9/11 period,to large-scale surveillance and intelligence-based early intervention after the Paris-Brussels attack.Nowadays,EU counter-terrorism law has a clear pre-emptive feature.The crisis-driven mode of EU combating terrorism enabled the union to set up a multi-level,multi-dimensional counter-terrorism legal mechanism in just 15 years.Nevertheless,this mode could not solve the structural problem of EU counter-terrorism:the dilemma between pursuit of security and protection of human rights,or the dilemma between pursuit of security and safeguarding sovereignty.In order to better counter terrorism,the EU needs to shift from crisis-driven mode to capacity-building mode.However,taking into account the current situation in the EU,the structural problem of EU counter-terrorism law may not be solved in a short period of time.
出处
《欧洲法律评论》
2017年第1期102-123,共22页
Chinese Journal of European Law
关键词
欧盟反恐法
预先性
刑事司法合作
预防性转向
EU Counter-terrorism law
Pre-emptive
Criminal Justice Cooperation
Preventive-turn
