摘要
由于土壤蒸汽消毒法具有消毒速度快、无农药残留及对人畜安全等优点,已成为国内外土传病害防治的研究热点。根据高温蒸汽消毒原理,设计了一种结构简单、操作方便的刺罩式土壤蒸汽处理机,主要由蒸汽管路、升降机构、导轨支架等组成。处理机工作时,高温蒸汽经由带排气孔的刺针通入土壤,对土壤加热并保温一定时间以实现土壤的快速、高效消毒。为验证处理机的消毒效果,选用3种大小不同的植物种子和两种耐热性不同的病原菌菌核作为试验样本来模拟土壤中的杂草种子和病原菌进行土壤消毒试验。试验结果表明:土壤温度加热至80℃,植物种子和病原菌的萌发率随保温时间的延长呈降低趋势;当保温时间达到20min时,可对试验样本的萌发起到很好的抑制效果。
In recent years,the soil steam disinfection method has become a hotspot of controlling soil-borne disease at home and abroad due to the advantages of high speed,no pesticide residue,and safety for human and livestock.According to the principle of high temperature steam disinfection,we designed a spike-hood soil steam processor,which mainly consists of steam pipe,lifting mechanism,rail bracket and so on.The soil was heated by high-temperature steam which through the needles with vent-holes into the soil and holding different times to achieve rapid and efficient soil disinfection.In order to verify the performance of the processor,three different sizes of plant seeds and two pathogens with different heat tolerances were selected as test samples to simulate weed seeds and pathogens in the soil.The results show that the germination rates of treated sample decreased with exposure time at 80℃and can obtained a good inhibition effect when the exposure time was 20 min.
作者
许永福
靳红玲
苏景文
胡小平
Xu Yongfu;Jin Hongling;Su Jingwen;Hu Xiaoping(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling712100,China;College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling712100,China)
出处
《农机化研究》
北大核心
2020年第7期144-149,共6页
Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research
基金
陕西省博士后科研资助项目(2017BSHEDZZ138)
西北农林科技大学试验示范站(基地)科技成果推广项目(TGZX2017-44)
关键词
土传病害
处理机
蒸汽消毒
萌发率
soil-borne disease
processor
steam sterilization
germination rate
作者简介
许永福(1993-),男,兰州人,硕士研究生,(E-mail)xyf@nwafu.edu.cn;通讯作者:靳红玲(1975-),女,山西侯马人,副教授,硕士生导师,(E-mail)jhl@nwsuaf.edu.cn。
