摘要
我国超过60%的茶园分布在丘陵山区,然而目前我国丘陵山区的茶园种植机械化水平还比较低。茶园的耕作主要以人工进行的浅耕除草为主,在一些规模较大的茶园出现了微耕机的应用;茶园的植保主要以人工使用手动喷雾器喷洒农药为主,并结合一些新型的物理防治手段;茶叶的采摘以手工为主,在大规模茶园出现了一些大宗茶鲜叶或原料芽叶较粗大的乌龙茶的机械化采摘,而对于名优茶尤其是高档名优茶的采摘则完全依赖手工。为此,通过对我国丘陵山区茶园耕作、植保和茶叶采摘这3个环节的机械化现状的研究,分析了目前丘陵山区茶园种植机械化在茶园、作业机械、农机农艺融合、茶机共同使用和茶农这几个方面存在的问题,并针对以上问题提出加快丘陵山区茶园种植机械化进程的思路,旨在为丘陵山区茶园种植机械化的发展提供参考。
More than 60%of tea gardens in China are located in Hilly and mountainous areas.However,at present,the planting mechanization level of tea gardens in Hilly and mountainous areas is relatively low.The cultivation of tea gardens is mainly based on manual work.In some large-scale tea gardens,the application of micro tiller has appeared.The plant protection in tea gardens is mainly based on manual spraying pesticides with manual sprayers and combined with some new physical control methods.The tea plucking is mainly manual.In large-scale tea gardens,mechanized picking of some common tea and oolong tea appeared.While the picking of famous and excellent tea,especially high-grade and famous tea,depends entirely on manual work.Based on the study of the mechanization of cultivation,plant protection and tea harvesting of tea gardens in Hilly and mountainous areas of China,this paper analyzed the problems existing in mechanization of tea garden in Hilly and mountainous areas,such as tea gardens,tea garden machines,agronomic integration of agricultural machinery,co-use of tea garden machines and tea farmers,then put forward some ideas to speed up the mechanization process of tea gardens in Hilly and mountainous areas.The road provides a reference for the development of tea garden planting mechanization in Hilly and mountainous areas.
作者
罗泽涌
陈建
方晶晶
牛坡
郑延莉
王炎林
王磊
张勉
Luo Zeyong;Chen Jian;Fang Jingjing;Niu Po;Zheng Yanli;Wang Yanlin;Wang Lei;Zhang Mian(College of Engineering and Technology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)
出处
《农机化研究》
北大核心
2020年第2期1-7,共7页
Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research
基金
“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(SQ2018YFD070146)
关键词
茶园
茶叶采摘
植保
丘陵山区
tea garden
tea plucking
plant protection
hilly and mountainous areas
作者简介
罗泽涌(1994-),男,重庆人,硕士研究生,E-mail:13640525662@163.com;通讯作者:陈建(1957-),男,重庆人,教授,博士生导师,E-mail:jianchen@swu.edu.cn。
