摘要
解析鸟类对高海拔高寒、低氧与强紫外辐射等极端环境的适应性状与遗传基础一直是演化生物学和群体遗传学的重点研究内容.在表型上,比较形态与生理学等方法揭示了高海拔鸟类形态、飞行能力以及血液生理等特征发生了显著变化.在基因型上,与氧运输和氧利用相关基因(如血红蛋白基因、细胞色素C氧化酶基因等)在高海拔鸟类中发生了适应性演化,进而改变相应蛋白的功能以适应低氧生存.近年随着高通量测序技术的发展,大规模比较基因组与转录组分析正逐步揭示鸟类高海拔适应的遗传机制.尽管传统手段与测序技术从不同角度揭示了鸟类高海拔适应方式,但当前仍缺乏对高海拔适应性状与遗传机制的系统性分析,尤其是在解析高寒低氧环境鸟类能量代谢策略上更加滞后;同时对涉及表型可塑性的复杂性状遗传解析也是当前的一大难题.因此,整合传统与各种组学手段,引入功能实验与同质园实验将会更高效、彻底地破译鸟类高海拔适应性状的遗传基础,这也是未来解析鸟类高海拔适应的研究趋势.
In the field of evolutionary biology and population genetics,the revealing of the genetic basis of adaptation in birds in response to extreme environmental conditions in highlands(e.g.,hypothermia,hypoxia,and high UV radiation)is an interesting study topic.Previous studies based on comparative morphological and physiological analyses have revealed that body size,flight ability,and hematology are significantly altered in high-altitude birds.Some genes associated with oxygen transport and utilization(e.g.,hemoglobin and cytochrome coxidase)are reportedly involved in hypoxic responses and could facilitate adaptive hypoxic evolution.Next-generation sequencing techniques applied in highland adaptation research,comparative genome analyses,and transcriptome analyses are revealing the genetic mechanisms underlying numerous complex traits.However,systematic studies based on adaptive phenotypes and molecular methods are unreliable,particularly in investigating bird metabolism under hypoxic cold stress,which remains largely unclear to date.In addition,the influence of phenotypic plasticity on some geographical variations in complex traits poses a challenge in highland adaptation studies.Therefore,the integration of traditional methods and sequencing techniques,in combination with functional and common garden experiments is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis of such complex traits,which are interesting key topics of study on avian highland adaptation.
作者
熊鹰
雷富民
XIONG Ying;LEI FuMin(Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Life Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650223,China)
出处
《中国科学：生命科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第4期361-370,共10页
Scientia Sinica(Vitae)
基金
国家自然科学基金(批准号:31630069)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(批准号:XDB13020300)资助
关键词
高海拔适应
表型
基因组
鸟类
high-altitude adaptation
phenome
genome
birds
作者简介
联系人:雷富民,E-mail:leifm@ioz.ac.cn
