摘要
河北平原是我国水资源供需矛盾最为突出的地区之一,自70年代以来大量动用地下水的储存量,导致山前局部地区浅部含水层疏干,中东部平原深层地下水水位大幅下降,并诱发了地面沉降等一系列环境地质问题。河北平原地下水总补给量约139 62×108m3 a,可采资源为107 75×108m3 a。1985～1995年地下水平均开采量133 1×108m3 a,即平均超采25 35×108m3 a,其中深层淡水超采10 01×108m3 a。本文提出调整布局,充分挖掘地下水资源潜力。河北平原中东部咸水分布区的浅层淡水分布面积17857km2,尚有约20×108m3 a的开采潜力。节约挖潜,调整产业结构,使工农业结构及人口适应水资源的承载力。合理调控地下水的开采深度,浅层水循环交替积极,具有开放性和可恢复性,采补均衡的着力点应放在浅部。地下水资源的可持续利用与社会经济可持续发展的结合点,在于维护浅部地下水动态均衡上。
Hebei Plain has been facing the most severe conflict between water demand and water supply. Large amount of groundwater reserve has been exploited since the 70s, inducing the draining of piedmont shallow aquifers and the sharp drop of groundwater level in the middle east of the plain. Meantime, a series of environmental problems, such as land subsidence, occur in the plain due to groundwater over exploitation. Groundwater potential recharge in the plain approximates to 139.62×108m3/a, among which 107.75×108m3/a is available. However, average groundwater exploitation rate reaches 133.1×108m3/a from 1985 to 1995, i.e. overexploitation rate is 23.5×108m3/a, in which 10.01×108m3/a is deep fresh water. Water development structure should be adjusted in the Plain, which is a practical countermeasure to alleviate the clash between water supply and demand. Shallow freshwater detected in the middle east of the plain where salt water widely distributes covers an area of 17,857 km2, with an available amount of 20×108m3. Industrial structure should be modified, how to adjust the relationship among agricultureindustry, population and water resources is a question needs further study. The deeprooted thoughts on water development should be changed and the exploitation depth of groundwater should be controlled. As one kind of natural renewable resources, shallow groundwater participates in water exchange actively. Therefore, shallow groundwater dynamic balance plays a key role on realizing water resources sustainable development and socioeconomical sustainable development.
出处
《水文地质工程地质》
CAS
CSCD
2003年第1期2-8,共7页
Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology
基金
国土资源部地下水资源保护与合理利用战略研究(2001-2-2)。
